The Making of a Global World...Power Point Presentationssh09
A very informative and interesting Power Point Presentation. This is based on Grade X History chapter "Making Of The Global World. I hope students across the globe will learn and understand this chapter in a easier way.
Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 - GeographyAthira S
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Minerals and Energy Resources from Geography in Class 10 CBSE Board.
The information included is solely taken from the Class 10 Geography textbook.
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
The Making of a Global World...Power Point Presentationssh09
A very informative and interesting Power Point Presentation. This is based on Grade X History chapter "Making Of The Global World. I hope students across the globe will learn and understand this chapter in a easier way.
Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 - GeographyAthira S
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Minerals and Energy Resources from Geography in Class 10 CBSE Board.
The information included is solely taken from the Class 10 Geography textbook.
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Means of Transportations
Roadways
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
• National Highways
State Highways:
District Roads
Other Roads
Border Road
Railways
Pipelines
Waterways
Major Sea Ports
Airways
Communication
International Trade
Tourism as a Trade
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Nationalism In Europe'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Chapter - 2, Nationalism in India, History, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Nationalism in India, History, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
THE FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT, AND NON COOPERATION
EVENTS LEADING: TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Means of Transportations
Roadways
Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways
• National Highways
State Highways:
District Roads
Other Roads
Border Road
Railways
Pipelines
Waterways
Major Sea Ports
Airways
Communication
International Trade
Tourism as a Trade
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Nationalism In Europe'. For Class - 10th.
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
Chapter - 2, Nationalism in India, History, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Nationalism in India, History, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
THE FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT, AND NON COOPERATION
EVENTS LEADING: TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
CBSE Class X-Geo(7) : Lifelines of National Economy Chapter in an easy and simple way, for everyone to understand. For all students and who have have slow pace also.
this is the PPT created on the chapter 'lifelines of Indian economy'. Me and some of my friends created the slide we are of kendriya Vidyalaya Aurangabad. i hope you will enjoy this ppt...........best of luck.......
a ppt about vitamins especially about vitamin b9 or folate or folic acid
this is definitely helpful for medical students
prepared based on their characteristics
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The Evolution of Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) in India: Challenges...beulahfernandes8
Role in Financial System
NBFCs are critical in bridging the financial inclusion gap.
They provide specialized financial services that cater to segments often neglected by traditional banks.
Economic Impact
NBFCs contribute significantly to India's GDP.
They support sectors like micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), housing finance, and personal loans.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
5. Transport plays an important role in the
economy.
Because of transport raw materials reach
the factory and finished products reach to
the consumer.
The pace of development of a country
depends upon the production of goods and
services as well as their movement over
space.
Therefore, efficient means of transport are
pre-requisites for fast development.
6. Apart from transport, the ease
and mode of communications,
like telephone and internet
makes continuous flow of
information possible
8. Today, India is well-linked with the
rest of the world despite its vast size,
diversity and linguistic and socio-
cultural plurality.
Railways, airways, water ways,
newspapers, radio, television, cinema
and internet, etc.…have been
contributing to its socio-economic
progress in many ways.
The trades from local to international
levels have added to the strength of
its economy.
It has enriched our life and added
significantly to growing services and
facilities for the comforts of life.
9. Means of transport
Land Water Air
Roadways, Railways
and Pipelines
Inland and
Overseas Domestic
Airways
International
Airways
Public
Undertaking
Private Airlines
11. India has one of the largest
road networks in the world,
aggregating to about 2.3
million km at present.
In India, roadways have
preceded railways.
They still have an edge over
railways in view of the ease
with which they can be built
and maintained
12. The growing importance of road transport vs rail
transport is rooted in the following reasons
Construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway lines.
Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating topography.
Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slopes and as such can traverse mountains
such as the Himalayas.
Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and relatively
smaller amount of goods over short distances.
It also provides door-to-door service, thus the cost of loading and unloading is
much lower.
Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport such as they
provide a link between railway stations, air and sea ports.
13. In India, roads are classified in the following
six classes according to their capacity
Golden Quadrilateral
National Highways
State highways
District roads
Other roads
Border roads
14.
15. Golden Quadrilateral
The government has launched a major road development
project linking Delhi-Kolkata- Chennai-Mumbai and Delhi
by six-lane Super Highways.
The North-South corridors linking Srinagar (Jammu &
Kashmir) and Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu), and East-West
Corridor connecting Silcher (Assam) and Porbander (Gujarat)
are part of this project.
The major objective of these Super Highways is to reduce the
time and distance between the mega cities of India.
These highway projects are being implemented by the
National Highway Authority of India (NHAI).
16. National Highways
National Highways link extreme parts of the
country.
These are the primary road systems and are
laid and maintained by the Central Public
Works Department (CPWD).
A number of major National Highways run in
North-South and East-West directions.
17. Roads linking a state capital with different
district headquarters are known as State
Highways.
These roads are constructed and maintained
by the State Public Works Department
(PWD) in State and Union Territories.
State Highways
18. District Roads
These roads connect the
district headquarters with
other places of the district.
These roads are maintained by
the Zila Parishad.
Other Roads
• Rural roads, which link rural areas and
villages with towns, are classified under
this category.
• These roads received special impetus
under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak
Yojana.
• Under this scheme special provisions are
made so that every village in the country is
linked to a major town in the country by
an all season motorable road.
19. Border Roads
Apart from these, Border Roads Organisation a
Government of India undertaking constructs and
maintains roads in the bordering areas of the
country.
This organisation was established in 1960 for the
development of the roads of strategic importance in
the northern and northeastern border areas.
These roads have improved accessibility in areas of
difficult terrain and have helped in the economic
development of these area.
The Indian Railways is the largest public sector
undertaking in the country.The first train steamed
off from Mumbai toThane in 1853, covering a
distance of 34 km. concrete or even bitumen of coal,
therefore, these are all weather roads.
21. Road Density
The length of road per 100 sq. km of area is known
as density of roads. Distribution of road is not
uniform in the country.
Density of all roads varies from only 10 km in
Jammu & Kashmir to 375 km in Kerala with the
national average of 75 km (1996-97).
Road transportation in India faces a number of
problems.
Keeping in view the volume of traffic and
passengers, the road network is inadequate. About
half of the roads are unmetalled and this limits their
usage during the rainy season.
The National Highways are inadequate too.
Moreover, the roadways are highly congested in
cities and most of the bridges and culverts are old
and narrow.
24. Railways are the principal mode of
transportation for goods and passengers in
India.
Railways also make it possible to conduct
various activities like business, sightseeing,
pilgrimage along with transportation of
goods over longer distances.
Apart from an important means of transport
the Indian Railways have been a great
integrating force for more than 150 years.
Railways in India bind the economic life of
the country as well as accelerate the
development of the industry and agriculture.
25. Rail Network
The Indian Railway have a network of 7, 031
stations spread over a route length of 63, 221 km.
with a fleet of 7817 locomotives, 5321 passenger
service vehicles, 4904 other coach vehicles and
228, 170 wagons as on 31
Rail Gauge and Length of Routes in India
Gauge (in m) Route (km) Running track (km) Total track
Broad Gauge 1.676 46,807 66,754 88,547
Meter Gauge 1 13,209 13,976 16,489
Narrow Gauge 0.762
& 0.610
3,124 3,129 3,450
26. Development of Railways
The Indian Railway is now reorganised into 16
zones.
The distribution pattern of the Railway network in
the country has been largely influenced by
physiographic, economic and administrative
factors.
The northern plains with their vast level land, high
population density and rich agricultural resources
provided the most favourable condition for their
growth.
However, a large number of rivers requiring
construction of bridges across their wide beds
posed some obstacles.
In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region,
railway tracts are laid through low hills, gaps or
tunnels.
27. The Himalayan mountainous regions too are
unfavourable for the construction of railway
lines due to high relief, sparse population and
lack of economic opportunities.
Likewise, it was difficult to lay railway lines on
the sandy plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of
Gujarat, forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh, Orissa and Jharkhand.
The contiguous stretch of Sahyadri could be
crossed only through gaps or passes (Ghats).
In recent times, the development of the Konkan
railway along the west coast has facilitated the
movement of passengers and goods in this most
important economic region of India.
It has also faced a number of problem such as
sinking of track in some stretches and land
slides.
28. Today, the railways have become more important in our national
economy than all other means of transport put together.
However, rail transport suffers from certain problems as well. Many
passengers travel without tickets.
Thefts and damaging of railway property has not yet stopped
completely.
People stop the trains, pull the chain unnecessarily and this causes
heavy damage to the railway.
30. Pipeline transport network is a new
arrival on the transportation map
of India.
In the past, these were used to
transport water to cities and
industries.
Solids can also be transported through
a pipeline when converted into slurry.
Now, these are used for transporting
crude oil, petroleum products and
natural gas from oil and natural gas
fields to refineries, fertilizer factories
and big thermal power plants.
31.
32. There are three important networks of
pipeline transportation in the country.
From oil field in upper Assam to Kanpur (Uttar
Pradesh), via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad. It has
branches from Barauni to Haldia, via Rajbandh,
Rajbandh to Maurigram and Guwahati to Siliguri.
From Salaya in Gujarat to Jalandhar in Punjab, via
Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Sonipat. It has branches to
connect Koyali (near Vadodara, Gujarat) Chakshu and
other places.
Gas pipeline from Hazira in Gujarat connects Jagdishpur
in Uttar Pradesh, via Vijaipur in Madhya Pradesh. It has
branches to Kota in Rajasthan, Shahajahanpur, Babrala
and other places in Uttar Pradesh.
34. Waterways are the cheapest means of
transport. They are most suitable for
carrying heavy and bulky goods.
It is a fuel-efficient and environment
friendly mode of transport.
India has inland navigation waterways of
14,500 km in length. Out of these only
3,700 km are navigable by mechanised
boats.
35. The following waterways have been declared as the National
Waterways by the Government:
The Ganga river between Allahabad and
Haldia (1620 km)-N.W. No.1
The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya
and Dhubri (891 km)-N.W. No.2
The West-Coast Canal in Kerala
(Kottapurma-Komman, Udyogamandal
and Champakkara canals-205 km) – N.W.
No.3
The other viable inland waterways include
the Godavari, Krishna, Barak,
Sunderbans, Buckingham Canal,
Brahmani, East-west Canal and Damodar
Valley Corporation Canal.
36. Major Sea Ports
With a long coastline of 7,516.6 km, India is dotted
with 12 major and 181 medium and minor ports.
These major ports handle 95 per cent of India’s
foreign trade. Kandla in Kuchchh was the first port
developed soon after Independence to ease the
volume of trade on the Mumbai port, in the wake of
loss of Karachi port to Pakistan after the Partition.
37. Kandla is a tidal port. It caters to the convenient handling of
exports and imports of highly productive granary and
industrial belt stretching across the states of Jammu and
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan
and Gujarat.
Mumbai is the biggest port with a spacious natural and
well-sheltered harbour.
The Jawaharlal Nehru port was planned with a view to
decongest the Mumbai port and serve as a hub port for this
region.
Marmagao port (Goa) is the premier iron ore exporting
port of the country. This port accounts for about fifty per
cent of India’s iron ore export.
38. New Mangalore port, located in Karnataka
caters to the export of iron ore concentrates
from Kudremukh mines. Kochi is the extreme
south-western port, located at the entrance of
a lagoon with a natural harbour.
On the east coast, is the port of Tuticorin, in
Tamil Nadu. This port has a natural harbour
and rich hinterland. Thus, it has a flourishing
trade handling of a large variety of cargoes to
even our neighbouring countries like Sri
Lanka, Maldives, etc. and the coastal regions
of India.
Chennai is one of the oldest artificial
ports of the country. It is ranked next to
Mumbai in terms of the volume of trade
and cargo.
39. Vishakhapatnam is the deepest landlocked and well-protected port.
This port was, originally, conceived as an outlet for iron ore
exports.
Paradip port located in Orissa, specialises in the export of iron ore.
Kolkata is an inland riverine port. This port serves a very large
and rich hinterland of Ganga- Brahmaputra basin. Being a tidal
port, it requires constant dredging of Hoogly. Haldia port was
developed as a subsidiary port, in order to relieve growing
pressure on the Kolkata port.
41. The air transport was nationalised in 1953. On the operational side, Indian Airlines,
Alliance Air (subsidiary of Indian Airlines), private scheduled airlines and non-
scheduled operators provide domestic air services.
Air India provides international air services.
Pawanhans Helicopters Ltd. Provides helicopter services to Oil and Natural Gas
Commission in its off- shore operations, to inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like
the north-eastern states and the interior parts of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh
and Uttaranchal.
Indian Airlines operations also extend to the neighbouring countries of South and south-
east Asia and the Middle east.
42. Personal communication and mass
communication including television,
radio, press, films, etc. are the major
means of communication in the
country
44. Indian Post
The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels
as well as personal written communications.
Cards and envelopes are considered first–class mail and are airlifted
between stations covering both land and air.
The second–class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and
periodicals. They are carried by surface mail, covering land and water
transport.
To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail
channels have been introduced recently.
They are called Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel,
Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical Channel.
45. Telephone
• India has one of the largest telephone networks in Asia.
• In order to strengthen the flow of information from the
grassroot to the higher level, the government has made
special provision to extend twenty-four hours STD
facility to every village in the country.
• There is a uniform rate of STD facilities all over India. It
has been made possible by integrating the development in
space technology with communication technology.
46. Mobile Telephones & Films
India is one of the fastest growing mobile network in the
world. Mobile phones have changed the way Indians
conducted business.
Now even low income group people like vegetable
vendors, plumbers and carpenters get better business
because they are connected through mobile phones.
India is the largest producer of feature films in the world.
It produces short films; video feature films and video short
films.
The Central Board of Film Certification is the authority to
certify both Indian and foreign films.
47. Mass Comunication
• Mass communication provides entertainment and creates
awareness among people about various national programmes
and policies.
• It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books and
films.
• All India Radio (Akashwani) broadcasts a variety of
programmes in national, regional and local languages for
various categories of people, spread over different parts of the
country.
• Doordarshan, the national television channel of India, is one of
the largest terrestrial networks in the world. It broadcasts a
variety of programmes from entertainment, educational to
sports, etc. for people of different age groups.
48. Newspapers
• India publishes a large number of newspapers
and periodicals annually. They are of different
types depending upon their periodicity.
Newspapers are published in about 100
languages and dialects. Largest number of
newspapers published in the country are in
Hindi, followed by English and Urdu.
50. Trade between two countries is called international trade. It may
take place through sea, air or land routes. Advancement of
international trade of a country is an index to its economic
prosperity. It is, therefore, considered the economic barometer for
a country.
Export: When the goods are sent to other country for sale it is
called as export.
Import: When the goods come from other country to be sold in
India it is called import.
Balance of Payment: This is the difference between export and
import of a country. When export is higher than import then this
is a situation of favourable balance of payment. On the other
hand when the import is higher than export then this is a
situation of unfavourable balance of payment.
51.
52. Bulk imports as a group registered a growth
accounting for 39.09 per cent of total imports.
This group includes fertilizers (67.01 per cent),
cereals (25.23 per cent), edible oils (7.94 per
cent) and newsprint (5.51 per cent).
International trade has under gone a sea change
in the last fifteen years. Exchange of
commodities and goods have been superseded by
the exchange of information and knowledge.
India has emerged as a software giant at the
international level and it is earning large foreign
exchange through the export of information
technology.
54. • Foreign tourist’s arrivals in the country witnessed
an increase of 23.5 per cent during the year 2004
as against the year 2003, thus contributing Rs
21,828 crore of foreign exchange. Over 2.6
million foreign tourists visit India every year.
More than 15 million people are directly engaged
in the tourism industry.
• Tourism also promotes national integration,
provides support to local handicrafts and cultural
pursuits. It also helps in the development of
international understanding about our culture and
heritage