This document provides an overview of industries and their classification. It discusses how industries are involved in secondary economic activities that transform raw materials into more valuable goods. Industries are then classified based on the raw materials used (e.g. agro-based, mineral-based), the scale of production (small-scale, large-scale), ownership (private, public, cooperative), and location factors. Major industrial regions are also identified, such as those located in North America, Europe, and Asia. India's key industrial regions include Mumbai-Pune, Bangalore-Tamil Nadu, and others.

1. INDUSTRIES
CLASS- VIII
SUB: GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER-5
PRESENTED BY
PARTHA SAROTHI BISWAS

2. INDUSTRIES

3. SECONDARY ACTIVITIES & INDUSTRY
 SECONDARY ACTIVITIES OR MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES
CHANGES RAW MATERIALS INTO PRODUCTS OF MORE VALUE TO
PEOPLE.
 EXAMPLE : PULP = PAPER, COTTON = CLOTH
 BUT HOW ?
 INDUSTRY : INDUSTRY REFERS TO AN ECONOMIC ACTIVITIY THAT
IS CONCERNED WITH PRODUCTION OF GOODS, EXTRACTION OF
MINERALS OR THE PROVISION OF SEVICES .
 EXAMPLE :
 IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OF GOODS)
 COAL MINING INDUSTRY (EXTRACTION OF COAL)
 TOURISM INDUSTRY (SERVICE PROVIDER)

4. CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIES
RAW MATERIALS
1. AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES
2. MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES
3. MARINE BASED INDUSTRIES
4. FOREST BASED INDUSTRIES
SIZE OF INDUSTRIES
1. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
2. LARGE SCALE INDUSTRIES
OWNERSHIP
1. PRIVATE SECTOR INDUSTRIES
2. STATE OWNED OR PUBLIC SECTOR
INDUSTRIES
3. JOINT SECTOR INDUSTRIES
4. CO-OPERATIVE SECTOR INDUSTRIES

5. ON THE BASIS OF RAW MATERIALS
 AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES USE PLANT & ANIMAL
BASED PRODUCTS AS THEIR RAW MATERIALS.
 EXAMPLE: FOOD PROCESSING, VEGETABLE OIL,
COTTON TEXTILE, DAIRY PRODUCTS & LEATHER
INDUSTRIES.
 MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES THAT USE MINERAL
ORES AS THEIR RAW MATERIALS. THE PRODUCT OF
THESE INDUSTRIES FEED OTHER INDUSTRIES.
 EXAMPLE: USE RAW MATERIAL FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF A NUMBER OF OTHER PRODUCTS
SUCH AS HEAVY MACHINERY, RAILWAY, BUILDING
MATERIALS.

6. ON THE BASIS OF RAW MATERIALS
 MARINE BASED INDUSTRIES USE PRODUCTS FROM
THE SEA AND OCEANS AS RAW MATERIALS.
 EXAMPLE : SEA FOOD INDUSTRY, FISH OIL
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY ETC.
 FOREST BASED INDUSTRIES UTILISE FOREST PRODUCE
AS RAW MATERIALS.
 EXAMPLE : PULP & PAPER INDUSTRIES,
PHARMACEUTICALS FURNITURE AND BUILDINGS.

7. ON THE BASIS OF SIZE
 SIZE : IT REFERS TO THE AMOUNT OF CAPITAL INVESTED,
NUMBER OF PEOPLE EMPLOYED AND THE VOLUME OF
PRODUCTION.
 BASED ON SIZE, INDUSTRIES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO
 1. SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
 EXAMPLE : SILK WEAVING, FOOD PROCESSING,BASKET
WEAVING, POTTERY, HANDICRAFT ETC.
 2. LARGE SCALE INDUSTRY
 EXAMPLE: AUTOMOBILES, HEAVY MACHINERY,INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES ETC.

8. ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP
 PRIVATE SECTOR INDUSTRIES :OWNED AND OPERATED BY
INDIVIDUALS OROR GROUP OF INDIVIDUAL.
 EXAMPLE : TATA, BIRLA, RELIANCE, ADANI ETC
 PUBLIC SECTOR INDUSTRIES : OWNED AND OPERATED BY
THE GOVERNMENT.
 EXAMPLE : BHIL,ONGC, SAIL, GAIL ETC.

9. ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP
 JOINT SECTOR INDUSTRIES : OWNED AND OPERATED BY THE
STATE & INDIVIDUALS OR GROUP OF INDIVIDUAL.
 EXAMPLE : MARUTI UDYOG LIMITED
 CO-OPERATIVE SECTOR INDUSTRIES : OWNED AND
OPERATED BY THE PRODUCERS OR SUPOPLIERS OF RAW
MATERIALS, WORKER OR BOTH.
 EXAMPLE : AMUL, SUDHA DAIRY ETC.

10. FACTORS AFFECTING LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
 THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRIES
ARE :
 1. THE AVAILIBILITY OF RAW MATERIAL
 2. LAND
 3. WATER
 4. LABOUR
 5. POWER
 6. CAPITAL
 7. TRANSPORT
 8. MARKET

11. INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM
 AN INDUSTRIAL SYSTEM CONSISTS OF :
 1. INPUTS RAW MATERIALS, LABOUR,COSTS OF LAND, TRANSPORT,POWER, OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE.
 2. PROCESSES CONVERT THE RAW MATERIAL INTO FINISHED PRODUCTS.
 3. OUTPUTS FINISHED PRODUCT AND INCOME EARNED FROM IT.
 EXAMPLE : TEXTILE INDUSTRY.

12. WORLD’S MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGION
 INDUSTRIAL REGIONS EMERGE WHEN A NUMBER OF INDUSTRIES LOCATE CLOSE TO EACH OTHER AND
SHARE THE BANIFITS OF THEIR CLOSENESS.
 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGIONS OF THE WORLD ARE :
 1. EASTERN NORTH AMERICA
 2. WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE
 3. EASTERN EUROPE
 4. EASTERN ASIA
 FAVOURABLE LOCATION: MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGIONS TEND TO BE LOCATED IN THE TEMPERATE AREAS,
NEAR SEA PORT & ESPECIALLY NEAR COAL FIELDS.

13. WORLD’S INDUSTRIAL REGIONS

14. INDIA’S MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGION
 MAJOR INDUSTRIAL REGION OF INDIA ARE :
 1. MUMBAI-PUNE CLUSTER
 2. BANGALORE - TAMILNADU REGION
 3. HOOGLY REGION
 4. AHMEDABAD - BARODA REGION
 5. CHOTTANAGPUR INDUSTRIAL BELT
 6. VISHAKHAPATNAM - GUNTUR REGION
 7. GURGAON – DELHI – MEERUT REGION
 8. KOLLAM – THIRUVANANTHAPURAM INDUSTRIAL CLUSTER