I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget. Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com Chapter - 5, Mineral and Energy Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10 INTRODUCTION SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALS MINERALS IMPORTANT TERMS FERROUS MINERALS IRON ORE NON FERROUS MINERALS COPPER BAUXITE (ORE) MINERAL NON METALLIC MINERALS ROCK MINERALS ENERGY RESOURCES COAL PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS ELECTRICITY ENERGY RESOURCES Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics. By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)

1. CHAPTER - 5
MINERAL & ENERGY
RESOURCES
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Natural resources are necessary for economic
development of a nation. Among all the
natural resources minerals are one of the
most important which is an essential
component for human development without
minerals we cannot imagine our life.
• Right from the early morning till late night we
are dependent on various products made up
of minerals. Minerals also from the base of
our diet.

3. SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALS
1. Minerals are an
indispensable part of our
lives. Almost everything
we use. from a tiny pin to a
towering building or a big
ship, all are made from
minerals.
2. The railway lines and the
tarmac (paving) of the
roads, our implements and
machinery too are made
from minerals.

4. MINERALS
• These are natural chemical
compounds, uniform in
composition and structure,
and constituents of rocks
and ores.
• Minerals occur in different
types of rocks. Some are
found in igneous rocks,
while other in sedimentary
rocks. Almost all metals are
found in the form of ore.

5. IMPORTANT TERMS
• Mineral: A homogenous, natural
occurring substance with a definable
internal structure.
• Ore: A accumulation of any mineral
mixed with other elements.
• Rocks: Combinations of homogenous
substances called minerals.

6. FERROUS MINERALS
1. Ferrous minerals account for
about three-fourths of the
total value of the production
of metallic minerals.
2. They provide a strong base
for the development of
metallurgical industries.
India exports substantial
quantities of ferrous
minerals after meeting her
internal demands.

7. IRON ORE
Iron ore is the basic mineral and the backbone
of industrial development.

8. NON-FERROUS MINERALS
• India’s reserves and
production of non- ferrous
minerals is not very
satisfactory.
• However, these minerals,
which include copper,
bauxite, lead, zinc and gold
play a vital role in a number
of metallurgical, engineering
and electrical industries.

9. COPPER
Uses:
• Being malleable, ductile and
a good conductor, copper is
mainly used in electrical
cables, electronics and
chemical industries.

10. BAUXITE (ORE) MINERAL
(ALUMINIUM)
Uses:
1. It is used for making pots and
pans because it is a good
conductor of heat.
2. Aluminium also conducts
electricity well and is used to
make electrical wires.
Aluminium is used to make cans
for various beverages and other
liquids.
3. It can be pressed into a thin foil
that is used both commercially
and in homes for such purposes
as wrapping foods for storage.

11. NON-METALLIC
MINERALS
MICA
Mica is a mineral made up of a
series of plates or leaves. It
splits easily into thin sheets.
These sheets can be so thin
that a thousand can be layered
into a mica sheet of a few
centimeters high. Mica can be
clear, black, green, red yellow
or brown.

12. ROCK MINERALS
LIMESTONE
Uses:
(i) Limestone is the
basic raw material for
the cement industry.
(ii) It is used by chemical,
iron and steel
industry.

13. ENERGY RESOURCES
Conventional sources of
energy
Non-conventional sources
of energy
1. These are non-
renewable sources of
energy, e.g. coal and
petroleum.
1. These are renewable
sources ofenergy. e.g. solar
energy, wind energy.
2. These are going to last
for 100-200
years.
2. These are going to last
forever.
3. These cause air and
water pollution.
3. These do not cause any
pollution.

14. COAL
In India, coal is the most
abundantly available fossil fuel.
Uses:
1. It provides a substantial part
of the nation’s energy needs.
2. It is used for power
generation, to supply energy
to industry as well as for
domestic needs.
3. India is highly dependent on
coal for meeting its
commercial energy
requirements.

15. PETROLEUM
Uses -
1. Petroleum or mineral oil is
the next major energy
source in India after coal. It
provides fuel for heat and
lighting, lubricants for
machinery and raw materials
for a number of
manufacturing industries.
2. Petroleum refineries act as a
“nodal industry” for
synthetic textile, fertilizer
and numerous chemical
industries.
3. Transport sector.

16. NATURAL GAS
Uses -
(i) It can be used both as a source of
energy and also as an industrial raw
material in petrochemical industry.
(ii) It takes less time to build a power
plant based on natural gas.
(iii) For Indian agriculture, it has a
capacity to boost its production
through the building of fertilizer
plants based on natural gas.
(iv) It is easy to transport through gas
pipe lines.

17. Electricity
Electricity is generated
mainly in two ways:
• By running water which
drives hydro turbines to
generate hydro-electricity.
• By burning other fuels such
as coal, petroleum and
natural gas to drive
turbines to produce
thermal power.

18. ELECTRICITY
For progress and prosperity of
individuals and the nation,
electricity is an important
requirement.

19. Pressing need to use Non-
Conventional Sources of Energy
• The growing consumption of
energy has resulted in the
country becoming increasingly
dependent on fossil fuels such as
coal, oil and gas.
• Rising prices of oil and gas and
their potential shortages have
raised uncertainties about the
security of energy supply in
future.

20. 1. Solar Energy has a
bright future in India.
Location of India :
India is a tropical country
so lot of solar energy is
available in India. It is
about 20 MW per sq. km
per annum.
Thar desert :
India has Thar desert
which can become the
biggest solar power house
of India.

21. Wind-power
(i) India now ranks as a “wind
super power” in the world. The
largest wind farm cluster is
located in Tamil Nadu from
Nagercoil to Madurai.
(ii) Apart from these. Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat,
Kerala, Maharashtra and
Lakshadweep have important
wind farms.
(iii) Nagercoil and Jaisalmer are well
known for effective use of wind
energy in the country.

22. 3. Biogas (Twin benefits to the farmers production)
Shrubs, farm waste, animal and human waste are
used to produce biogas for domestic consumption in
rural areas. Decomposition of organic matter yields
gas. Which has higher thermal efficiency in
comparison to kerosene, dung cake and charcoal.

23. • The plants using cattle
dung are known as
‘Gobar gas plants’ in
rural India.
• These provide twin
benefits to the farmer
in the form of energy
and improved quality of
manure.
• It improves the quality
of manure and also
prevents the loss of
trees and manure due to
burning of fuel wood
and cow dung cakes.

24. 4. Tidal Energy
Method of
Production
• Oceanic tides are
used to generate
electricity.
Floodgate dams are
built across inlets.
During high tide
water flows into the
inlet and gets
trapped when the
gate is closed.

25. 5. Geo Thermal Energy
Method of production
1. Geothermal energy
refers to the heat and
electricity produced by
using the heat from the
interior of the Earth.
2. Geothermal energy
exists because, the
Earth grows
progressively hotter
with increasing depth.
Where the geothermal
gradient is high, high
temperatures are found
at shallow depths.

26. Method of conserving
energy according to
“Energy conservation Act”.
For conservation of energy
resources in India an Energy
Conservation Act, 2001 was
enacted, which came into
effect into effect in March
2002. It provides measures
for efficient use of energy and
its conservation.

27. ENERGY
RESOURCES
Energy is an indispensable
requirement in modern life.
Electricity is used to operate
various kinds of machines.
Availability of energy is a pre-
requisite of modern
economic activities.

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