I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
OPPOSITION OF MULTI PURPOSE PROJECTS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Development, chapter 1st
Class 10
CONTENT
• Development
• Goals of Development
• National Development
• Comparison of Countries
• Human development
• Measuring Development
• Sustainable Development
Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy VJLEARNING
This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
Hope you like it.
Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 - GeographyAthira S
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Minerals and Energy Resources from Geography in Class 10 CBSE Board.
The information included is solely taken from the Class 10 Geography textbook.
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Development, chapter 1st
Class 10
CONTENT
• Development
• Goals of Development
• National Development
• Comparison of Countries
• Human development
• Measuring Development
• Sustainable Development
Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy VJLEARNING
This document explains the Class 10 Economics Chapter 2 Sectors of Indian Economy
This is helpful for teachers also, especially during online classes. This document will help Teachers to teach their students. Students learn better when they experience the lessons visually, so students and teachers, please to see it
Hope you like it.
Minerals And Energy Resources - Class 10 - GeographyAthira S
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Minerals and Energy Resources from Geography in Class 10 CBSE Board.
The information included is solely taken from the Class 10 Geography textbook.
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Sci...Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 4, Gender Religion and Cast, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
GENDER AND POLITICS
RELIGION, COMMUNALISM, AND POLITICS
CASTE AND POLITICS
SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY OF INDIA
CASTE INEQUALITY TODAY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
The 1st lesson of class 10 geography resources and development is explained in his power point presentation according to the latest syllabus with pictures and examples in detail. the power point will help you to know about the following in detail with pictures and examples in detail.
1. resource
2. Interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions
3. classification of resources
a) On the basis of origin
i. Biotic Resources
ii. Abiotic Resources
b) On the basis of exhaustibility
i. Renewable resources
ii. Non Renewable resources
c) On the basis of ownership
i. Individual resources
ii. Community owned resources
iii. National resources
iv. International resources
d) On the basis of development
i. Potential resources
ii. Developed resources
iii. Stock
iv. Reserves
4. Problems created by indiscriminate use of resource by man
5. Sustainable development
6. Resource Planning
7. Importance of resource planning
8. Resource conservation
9. Ganghiji’s ideas on resource conservation
10. Land Degradation
11. Land conservation measures
12. Soil and its types
13. soil erosion
14. types of soil erosion
15. soil conservation measures
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
fedralism of civics chapter 2 class 10 cbse sonia gupta
it is the ppt about fedralism in india and others
please see this and if you think it gives you knowledge then like it
thankyou friend hfor seeing it dont forget to like it
The Making of a Global World...Power Point Presentationssh09
A very informative and interesting Power Point Presentation. This is based on Grade X History chapter "Making Of The Global World. I hope students across the globe will learn and understand this chapter in a easier way.
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
CLASS X ECONOMICS CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT CBSEAnjaliKaur3
Synopsis
Development and its features.
Income and other goals
National Development
Comparison among different countries or states
Other criteria for comparing countries
Public Facilities
Educational achievement of Rural Population of U.P.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Human Development Index (HDI)
Sustainable Development
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
The 1st lesson of class 10 geography resources and development is explained in his power point presentation according to the latest syllabus with pictures and examples in detail. the power point will help you to know about the following in detail with pictures and examples in detail.
1. resource
2. Interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions
3. classification of resources
a) On the basis of origin
i. Biotic Resources
ii. Abiotic Resources
b) On the basis of exhaustibility
i. Renewable resources
ii. Non Renewable resources
c) On the basis of ownership
i. Individual resources
ii. Community owned resources
iii. National resources
iv. International resources
d) On the basis of development
i. Potential resources
ii. Developed resources
iii. Stock
iv. Reserves
4. Problems created by indiscriminate use of resource by man
5. Sustainable development
6. Resource Planning
7. Importance of resource planning
8. Resource conservation
9. Ganghiji’s ideas on resource conservation
10. Land Degradation
11. Land conservation measures
12. Soil and its types
13. soil erosion
14. types of soil erosion
15. soil conservation measures
This Powerpoint Presentation is on the chapter Agriculture from Class 10 Geography in CBSE Board. The information included is solely from Class 10 Geography textbook.
fedralism of civics chapter 2 class 10 cbse sonia gupta
it is the ppt about fedralism in india and others
please see this and if you think it gives you knowledge then like it
thankyou friend hfor seeing it dont forget to like it
The Making of a Global World...Power Point Presentationssh09
A very informative and interesting Power Point Presentation. This is based on Grade X History chapter "Making Of The Global World. I hope students across the globe will learn and understand this chapter in a easier way.
this PPT is about class 10 political science's chapter Political parties and the material is entirely based on NCERT book ans has been edited for better understanding of students.
CLASS X ECONOMICS CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPMENT CBSEAnjaliKaur3
Synopsis
Development and its features.
Income and other goals
National Development
Comparison among different countries or states
Other criteria for comparing countries
Public Facilities
Educational achievement of Rural Population of U.P.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Human Development Index (HDI)
Sustainable Development
What does democracy do?
What outcomes can we reasonably expect of democracy?
Does democracy fulfil these expectations in real life?
How to assess the outcomes of democracy?
Democracy is better because
Accountable, responsive and legitimate government
ELECTION,DEBATE AND INFORMATION
PEOPLE’S NEED AND CORRUPTION
Economic growth and development
Reduction of inequality and poverty
Accommodation of social diversity
Dignity and freedom of the citizens
ppt on 10th class social science topic- Water resources.It contains topics like water sources, types of sources, water scarcity, water conservation and conservation methods.
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document explains the class 10 geography chapter 3 Water Resources. This will help all the students.
Teachers can take the help of this document to explain this chapter to their students, as students learn better when they visualize their learning
PowerPoint Presentation on the topic - 'Water Resources'.
Geography
Chapter 3
For Class:- 10th
Created By - 'Neha Rohtagi'.
I hope that you will found this presentation useful and it will help you out for your concept understanding.
Thank You!
Please give feedbacks and suggestions to get presentations on more interesting topics.
Water resources (geography chapter 3, class 10)VJLEARNING
This document explains the class 10 geography chapter 3 Water Resources. This will help all the students.
Teachers can take the help of this document to explain this chapter to their students, as students learn better when they visualize their learning
ground water depletion and their effect.
What is Groundwater Depletion?
https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-groundwater-depletion.php . Overview of Ground Water in India Roopal Suhag February 2016
Ministry of Jal Shakti
. GROUNDWATER CRISIS IN INDIA
:: Drishti IAS Coaching in Delhi, Online IAS Test Series & Study Material
This presentation has the complete information about the water resources based on the points from environmental science in engineering.The points are made so easy it is very easy to understand.
Holistic Learning - PPT By Shivam Parmar Shivam Parmar
This PPT is about holistic Learning, through which students can understand a particular topic from every corner of different fields and overall helps in better learning.
Copywriting & Designing done by Shivam Parmar
For a Client (Manish Mishra).
Permission has been taken from the client to upload this PPT, just to show my work to the other prospects.
Disclaimer -
The Content belongs to IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Sharing here is just to spread awareness about Climate Change.
https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/outreach/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM_Basic_Slide_Deck_Figures.pdf
Recent changes in the climate ... Climate change is already affecting every inhabited region. This is important to take this issue seriously now, in the coming years the problem will be huge. The world is changing rapidly, Climate Change is the biggest challenge now, technology like carbon capture, artificial photosynthesis, Solar CSP, Green Hydrogen, and many more can be helpful. Teachers must work on teaching climate change issues and their solutions to students to inspire them to work and invent new solutions to climate change problems.
-- BY SHIVAM PARMAR (Designer)
Chapter - 3, Atoms And Molecules, (Mole Concept) Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 3, Atoms And Molecules, (Mole Concept) Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
MORE ABOUT MOLE
WHAT IS THE MOLE CONCEPT?
MORE ABOUT MOLE CONCEPT
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLE, AVOGADRO NUMBER, AND MASS
AVOGADRO NUMBER
FEW MORE EXAMPLES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 2, Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits your budget.
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Chapter - 2, Sectors of the Indian Economy, Economics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
SECTORAL CLASSIFICATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
PRIMARY SECTOR
SECONDARY SECTOR
TERTIARY SECTOR
COMPARING THE THREE SECTORS
HOW TO CREATE MORE EMPLOYMENT?
NREGA 2005
DIVISION OF SECTORS ON THE BASIS OF ORGANISATION
ORGANIZED SECTOR
UNORGANIZED SECTOR
HOW TO PROTECT WORKERS IN THE UNORGANIZED SECTOR
SECTORS IN TERMS OF OWNERSHIP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 1, India: Size & Location, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANT TERMS
SIZE (FACTS AND FIGURES OF INDIA)
STANDARD MERIDIAN
INDIA AND THE WORLD
INDIA’S NEIGHBOURS
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
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Chapter - 1, Democracy in Contemporary World, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
IMPORTANT PERSONALITIES
TWO TALES OF DEMOCRACY
RESTORATION OF DEMOCRACY
DEMOCRACY IN POLAND :
END OF COLONIALISM
INDIA AND NEIGHBOURS
DEMOCRACY PROMOTION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 4, Agriculture, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 4, Agriculture, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
INDIA IS AN AGRICULTURALLY IMPORTANT COUNTRY WHY?
CROPPING SEASONS
FEATURES OF MAJOR CROPS
VEGETABLES
TECHNOLOGICAL REFORMS
BHOODAN GRAMDAN
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 2, Nationalism in India, History, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 2, Nationalism in India, History, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
THE FIRST WORLD WAR, KHILAFAT, AND NON COOPERATION
EVENTS LEADING: TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9 Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 4, Forest Society and Colonialism, History, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
FOREST SOCIETY AND COLONIALISM
THE RISE OF COMMERCIAL FORESTRY
THE PEOPLE OF BASTAR
THE FEARS OF THE PEOPLE
THE WOODCUTTERS OF JAVA
DUTCH SCIENTIFIC FORESTRY
SAMIN’S CHALLENGE
WAR AND DEFORESTATION
NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN FORESTRY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 2, Physical Features of India, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS
1. HIMADRI
2. HIMACHAL
3. SHIVALIK
DIVISION OF HIMALAYAS FROM WEST TO EAST
THE NORTHERN PLAIN
THE INDIAN DESERT
THE ISLAND GROUP
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 6, Population, Geography, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
TOTAL POPULATION
TOTAL AREA
INDIA'S POPULATION DENSITY
WORKING AGE
SEX RATIO
LITERACY RATES
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURES
HEALTH
ADOLESCENT POPULATION
NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 8, Novels, Society and History, History, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 5, History of the Novel, History, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
THE RISE OF THE NOVEL
CONDITION OF EUROPE IN 19TH CENTURY
THE NOVEL COMES TO INDIA
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics/Civics, Social Scie...Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 5, Working of Institutions, Democratic Politics, Social Science, Class 9
INTRODUCTION
PARLIAMENT
TWO HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT
POLITICAL EXECUTIVE
PRIME MINISTER AND COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
THE PRESIDENT
THE JUDICIARY
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 5, Mineral and Energy Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 5, Mineral and Energy Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALS
MINERALS
IMPORTANT TERMS
FERROUS MINERALS
IRON ORE
NON FERROUS MINERALS
COPPER
BAUXITE (ORE) MINERAL
NON METALLIC MINERALS
ROCK MINERALS
ENERGY RESOURCES
COAL
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
ELECTRICITY
ENERGY RESOURCES
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Chapter - 5, Consumer Rights, Economics, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 5, Consumer Rights, Economics, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
THE CONSUMER IN THE MARKETPLACE
CONSUMER MOVEMENT
CONSUMER RIGHT
LEARNING TO BECOME WELL INFORMED CONSUMERS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
Covid-19 RESPONSE AND CONTAINMENT MEASURESShivam Parmar
Disclaimer -
The Content belongs to the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (GoI).
Sharing here is just to spread awareness about Covid-19.
https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/2COVID19PPT_25MarchPPTWithAnimation.pdf
Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 2, Forest and Wildlife Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
INTRODUCTION
BIODIVERSITY
FLORA IN INDIA
FAUNA IN INDIA
WILDLIFE ON THREATENED LIFE
VANISHING FORESTS
CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES (IUCN)
NORMAL SPECIES
ENDANGERED SPECIES
VULNERABLE SPECIES
RARE SPECIES
ENDEMIC SPECIES
EXTINCT SPECIES
WILDLIFE IN TROUBLE
METHODS FOR CONSERVATION
COMMUNITY AND CONSERVATION
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
COVID-19: A guide for Medical Officers in Primary Health Centres. All Details...Shivam Parmar
Disclaimer -
The Content belongs to rajswasthya.nic.in (Govt. of Rajasthan) Sharing here is just to spread awareness about Covid-19.
http://www.rajswasthya.nic.in/PDF/PPT%20for%20MOs%20at%20PHCs%20for%20COVID19%20management%2009052020%20(1).pdf
Covid-19 Pandemic, where are we now? Latest update on Covid-19 Second Wave 20...Shivam Parmar
Disclaimer -
The Content belongs to WHO (World Health Organisation). Sharing here is just to spread awareness about Covid-19.
https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/risk-comms-updates/update51_pandemic_overview_where_are_we_now.pdf?sfvrsn=709278aa_5
Chapter - 6, Combustion and Flame, Science, Class 8Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 6, Combustion and Flame, Science, Class 8
INTRODUCTION
COMBUSTION AND TYPES
IGNITION TEMPERATURE
INFLAMMABLE SUBSTANCE
SOURCES OF SOLAR ENERGY
TYPES OF COMBUSTION
FIRE EXTINGUISHER
FLAME
FUEL AND ITS TYPES
FUEL EFFICIENCY
GLOBAL WARMING
ACID RAIN
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptx
Chapter - 3, Water Resources, Geography, Social Science, Class 10
1. CHAPTER - 3
WATER RESOURCES
By Shivam Parmar (PPT Designer)
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Water, water everywhere, not a single drop
to drink. These lines show the concern over
deficiency of water resources. Now a days
water is becoming an important natural
resources because the demand of water is
constantly rising because of rising population
and development of living standard of the
people.
• This chapter deals with various concepts
related to water resources with causes of
deficiency and methods of replenishment.
3. • India receives nearly 4 per cent
of the global precipitation and
ranks 133 in the world in terms
of water availability per
person per annum.
• The total renewable water
resources of India are
estimated at 1,897 sq km per
annum.
• Water scarcity & the need for
water conservation &
management.
• Shortage of water is called
water scarcity.
4. CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY
1. Water scarcity may be an
outcome of large and growing
population and consequent
greater demands for water, and
unequal access to it. A large
population means more water
not only for domestic use but
also to produce more food.
2. Hence, to facilitate higher food-
grain production, water
resources are being over-
exploited to expand irrigated
areas and dry-season
agriculture.
5. 3. Most farmers have their own
wells and tube-wells in their farms
for irrigation to increase their
produce. It may lead to falling
groundwater levels. adversely
affecting water availability and
food security of the people.
4. Post-independent India witnessed
intensive industrialisation and
urbanisation. The ever increasing
number of industries has made
matters worse by exerting
pressure on existing freshwater
resources.
6. • A dam is a barrier across flowing
water that obstructs, directs or
retards the flow, often creating a
reservoir, lake or impoundment.
• Based on structure and the
materials used, dams are
classified as timber dams,
embankment dams or mason
dams, with several subtypes.
• According to the height, dams
can be categorised as large dams
and major dams or alternatively
as low dams, medium height
dams and high dams.
7. OPPOSITION OF
MULTI PURPOSE
PROJECTS
1. Regulating and
damming of rivers
affect their natural
flow causing poor
sediment flow.
2. Excessive
sedimentation at the
bottom of the
reservoir.
3. Rockier stream beds.
8. 4. Poorer habitats for the rivers’ aquatic life.
5. Dams also fragment rivers making it difficult
for aquatic fauna to migrate, especially for
spawning.
6. The reservoirs that are created on the flood
plains also submerge the existing vegetation
and soil leading to its decomposition over a
period of time.
7. Dams have been unsuccessful in controlling
floods.
8. Dams cause large scale displacement of local
communities.
9. • Multi-purpose projects and
large dams have also been the
cause of many new social
movements like the ‘Narmada
Bachao Andolan” and the
Tehri Dam Andolan” etc.
Resistance to these projects
has primarily been due to the
large-scale displacement of
local communities.
• Local people often had to give
up their land, livelihood and
their meagre access and
control over resources for the
greater good of the nation.
10. • Narmada Bachao Andolan or Save Narmada
Movement is a Non Governmental Organisation
(NGO) that mobilised tribal people, formers
environmentalists and human rights activists
against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across
the Narmada river in Gujarat.
11. • Irrigation has also
changed the cropping
pattern of many regions
with farmers shifting to
water intensive and
commercial crops. This
has great ecological
consequences like
salinization of the soil.
• At the same time, it has
transformed the social
landscape i.e.
increasing the social
gap between the richer
land-owners and the
landless poor.
12. 1. Ironically, the dams that
were constructed to control
floods have triggered floods
due to sedimentation in the
reservoir. Moreover, the big
dams have mostly been
unsuccessful in controlling
floods at the time of
excessive rainfall.
• The release of water from
dams during heavy rains
aggravated the flood situation
in Maharashtra and Gujarat in
2006.
13. 2. The floods have not only
devastated life and property but
also caused extensive soil
erosion.
3. Sedimentation also meant that
the flood plains were deprived
of silt, a natural fertiliser,
further adding on to the
problem of land degradation.
4. It was also observed that the
multi-purpose projects induced
earthquakes, caused water-
borne diseases and pests and
pollution resulting from
excessive use of water.
14. RAINWATER
HARVESTING
• Many thought
that given the
disadvantages
and rising
resistance against
the multi-purpose
projects, water
harvesting system
was a viable
alternative, both
socio-
economically and
environmentally.
15. • In ancient India, along with the sophisticated
hydraulic structures, there existed an
extraordinary tradition of water-harvesting
system. People had in-depth knowledge of
rainfall regimes and soil types and developed
wide ranging techniques to harvest rainwater,
groundwater. river water and flood water in
keeping with the local ecological conditions and
their water needs.
• In hill and mountainous regions, people built
diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of the
Western Himalayas for agricultures.
16. In the semi-arid and arid
regions of Rajasthan.
Particularly in Bikaner,
Phalodi and Barmer, almost
all the houses traditionally
had underground tanks or
tankas for storing drinking
water.
• The tanks could be as
large as a big room; one
household in Phalodi had
a tank that was 6.1 metres
deep, 4.27 metres long
and 2.44 metres wide.
17. • The rainwater can be stored in
the tankas till the next rainfall
making it an extremely reliable
source of drinking water when
all other sources are dried up,
particularly in the summers.
Rainwater, or palar pani, as
commonly referred to in these
parts, is considered the purest
form of natural water.
• Many houses constructed
underground rooms adjoining
the ‘tanka’ to beat the summer
heat as it would keep the room
cool.
18. • Fortunately, in
many parts of
rural and urban
India, rooftop
rainwater
harvesting is
being
successfully
adapted to store
and conserve
watery.
19. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in
Mysore. Karnataka. villagers have installed, in
their household’s rooftop, rainwater
harvesting system to meet their water needs.
Nearly 200 households have installed this
system and the village has earned the rare
distinction of being rich in rainwater.
20. • Gendathur receives an annual precipitation
of 1000 mm, and with 80 percent of
collection efficiency and of about 10 fillings,
every house can collect and use about
50,000 litres of water annually.
• From the 20 houses, the net amount of
rainwater harvested annually amounts to
1,00,000 litres.
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