This document discusses magnetic levitation (Maglev) trains. Maglev trains use magnetic fields for levitation, propulsion, and guidance instead of wheels. They can achieve very high speeds without friction. There are two main types - electromagnetic suspension which uses electromagnets, and electrodynamic suspension which uses superconductors. Current operational Maglev trains exist in Germany and Japan. Maglev trains have advantages over conventional trains like lower energy consumption, operating costs, and greater safety.

1. MAGLEV –MAGNETIC
LEVITATION
Driving without
wheels, Flying
without wings.
Prepared by:
GAURAV POPAT (130430109042)
PARTH SHAH (130430109038)
MADHUBHAI BHADARKA
(130430109005)
NILESH JAMOD (130430109023)

2. MAGNETIC LEVIATION
 Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to
levitate a (usually) metallic object.
 Operating magnetic fields and controlling their forces
can levitate an Metallic object.
 A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic ,So it is used
in magnetic levitation.
 Most important application of Magnetic Levitation is
Transrapid magnetic lift trains.

3. SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
 Superconductivity occurs in certain materials at very low
temperatures.
 When superconductive material has an electrical
resistance of exactly zero.
 It is also characterized by a phenomenon called the
Miessner effect. This is the ejection of any sufficiently
weak magnetic field from the interior of the
superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting
state.

4. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF MAGLEV
TRAINS
Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to
operate in high speeds
1.Leviation
2.Propulsion
3.Lateral Guidance

5. •The passing of the superconducting magnets by figure levitation
coils on the side of the tract induces a current in the coils and
creates a magnetic field. This pushes the train upward so that it
can levitate 10 cm above the track.
•The train does not levitate until it reaches 50 mph, so it is
equipped with retractable wheels.
PRINCIPLE OF MAGNET
LEVITATION

6. •The propulsion coils located on the sidewalls on both sides of the
guideway are energized by a three-phase alternating current from
a substation, creating a shifting magnetic field on the guideway.
•The on-board superconducting magnets are attracted and pushed
by the shifting field, propelling the Maglev vehicle.
•Braking is accomplished by sending an alternating current in the
reverse direction so that it is slowed by attractive and repulsive
forces.
PRINCIPLE OF PROPULSION

7. •When one side of the train nears the side of the guideway, the
super conducting magnet on the train induces a repulsive force
from the levitation coils on the side closer to the train and an
attractive force from the coils on the farther side.
•This keeps the train in the center.
PRINCIPLE OF LATERAL
GUIDANCE

8. TYPES OF MAGLEV TRAINS
Based on the technique used for Levitation the are two
types of Maglev trains
1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive
2. Electrodynamic Suspension -repulsive

9. ELECTROMAGNETIC
SUSPENSION(EMS)
 Electromagnetic Suspension uses electromagnets to
levitate the train.

10. ELECTRODYNAMIC
SUSPENSION
 Electrodynamic Suspension uses Superconductors for
levitation, propulsion and lateral guidance.

12. ADVANTAGES OF MAGNETIC
LEVITATED TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
 Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed train traveling at the
same speed (1/3 more power for the same amount of energy).
 The operating costs of a maglev system are approximately half that
of conventional long-distance railroads.
 Research has shown that the maglev is about 20 times safer than
airplanes, 250 times safer than conventional railroads, and 700 times
safer than automobile travel.
 Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
 The materials used to construct maglev vehicles are non-
combustible, poor penetration transmitters of heat, and able to
withstand fire.

13. CURRENT PROJECTS
 Currently operational systems include Transrapid
(Germany ) and High Speed Surface Transport (Japan ).
 Germany and Japan have been the pioneering countries
in Maglev research

14. OTHER APPLICATIONS
 NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching of
space vehicles into low earth orbit.
 The mining industry will also benefit from Maglev.
 There are probably many more undiscovered
applications!

15. CONCLUSION
 The Maglev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has
been going on for the last 30 odd years in various parts
of the world.
 The chief advantages of this type of train are:
Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent
of friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.
 Maintenance costs decrease
 The Maglev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the
current rail system. A country like India could benefit
very much if this were implemented here. Further
possible applications need to be explored