Brief Description regarding magnetic levitation or magnetic suspension.It is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields.

1. APPLICATION OF MAGLEV
IN DESIGN AND
OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH
SPEED TRAIN TRACKS

2. CONTENTS:
•Introduction
•Magnetic Levitation trains
•principle of operation
•Types of magnetic levitation
•Advantages
•Current projects
•Other applications
•Conclusion
•References

3. Magnetic Levitation
 Magnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields toMagnetic levitation is the use of magnetic fields to
levitate a metallic object.levitate a metallic object.
 Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling theirManipulating magnetic fields and controlling their
forces can levitate an object.forces can levitate an object.

4. Basic Principle of Maglev Trains
Maglev trains have to perform the following
functions to operate in high speeds
1.Leviation
2.Propulsion
3.Lateral Guidance

5. Principle of Magnetic Levitation
 In the EMS-attractive system, the
electromagnets which do the work of
levitation are attached on the top side of a
casing that extends below and then curves
back up to the rail that is in the center of the
track.

7. Principle of Propulsion
 A linear electric motor (LEM) is a mechanism which converts
electrical energy directly into linear motion without employing
any intervening rotary components
 Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is basically a rotating squirrel
cage induction motor opened out flat
 Instead of producing rotary torque from a cylindrical machine
it produces linear force from a flat one.

9.  A conventional rotary synchronous motor , is made up
of two rings of alternating north and south magnetic
poles.
 Sides of the guide way are energized by a three-phase
alternating current from a substation, creating a shifting
magnetic field on the guide way.

10. Principle of Lateral Guidance
 The levitation magnets and rail are both
U shaped, with rail being an inverted U.
 The mouths of U face one another.
When one side of the train nears the side of the guide
way, the super conducting magnet on the train induces a
repulsive force from the levitation coils on the side
closer to the train and an attractive force from the coils
on the farther side.
This keeps the train in the center.

11. Types of Maglev Trains
Based on the technique used for Levitation there are two
types of Maglev trains
1. Electromagnetic Suspension -Attractive
2. Electrodynamics Suspension -repulsive

12. Electromagnetic Suspension (EMS)
 Electromagnetic Suspension uses electromagnets
to levitate the train

13. Electrodynamics Suspension
(EDS)
 Electrodynamics' Suspension uses
Superconductors for levitation, propulsion and
lateral guidance

14. Superconductivity
 Superconductivity occurs in certain
materials at very low temperatures.
 When superconductive, a material has
an electrical resistance of exactly
zero.

15.  An EDS system can provide both levitation and
propulsion using an onboard linear motor.
 EMS systems can only levitate the train using
the magnets onboard, not propel it forward.

16. Advantages of MagLev trains
 Maglev uses 30% less energy than a high-speed trains
 The operating costs is reduced
 20 times safer than airplanes,
250 times safer than conventional railroads
700 times safer than automobile travel.
 Maglev vehicle carries no fuel to increase fire hazard
 materials - non-combustible (poor penetration
transmitters of heat, and able to withstand fire).

17. Current Projects
 Currently operational systems include Tran rapid
(Germany ) and High Speed Surface Transport
(Japan).
 Germany and Japan have been the pioneering
countries in Maglev research
 CHINA (Shanghai – Hangzhou)

18. Other Applications
 NASA plans to use magnetic
levitation for launching of space
vehicles into low earth orbit.
 The mining industry will also
benefit from Maglev.
 There are probably many more
undiscovered applications!

19. Conclusion
 The Maglev Train: Research on this ‘dream train' has
been going on for the last 30 odd years in various parts
of the world.
 The chief advantages are:
 Non-contact and non-wearing propulsion, independent
of friction, no mechanical components like wheel, axle.
 The Maglev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the
current rail system. A country like India could benefit
very much if this were implemented here.

20. REFERENCES:
1. U.S. Department of Transportation (Federal Transit Administration). Low
Speed Maglev Technology Development Program – Final Report, FTA-CA-26-
7025-02.1, March 2002.
2. R. F. Post, D. D. Ryutov, “The Inductrack: A Simpler Approach to Magnetic
Levitation,” I.E.E.E, Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 10, 901 (2000)