The document discusses Maglev technology and its fundamentals. It describes how maglev trains work using electromagnetic forces and repulsion to levitate trains above the track without friction. Maglev trains can reach speeds over 300 mph, much faster than conventional trains with wheels. Advantages include less energy use and maintenance needs since there is no friction. Limitations include the high costs of building the infrastructure and concerns over electromagnetic fields. Applications discussed include proposed maglev train systems in India and using magnetic levitation for space launch vehicles.

1. MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY
Presented by:
T.SUNIL REDDY,
141FA05116,
ECE
Friday, 14 April 2017
SEMINAR

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CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 FUNDAMENTALS
 ELECTROMAGNETS
 SUPER LEVITRON
 MAGNETIC TRANSPORTATION
 MAGLEV TRAINS
 SUPER CONDUCTORS
 MEISSNER EFFECT
 MAGLEV TRAINS VS CONVENTIONAL TRAINS
 MAGLEV SPACE PROPULSION
 ADVANTAGES
 LIMITATIONS
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION
 Any thing which may levitate(raise or float) by means of a magnetic
power is simply called as magnetic levitation.
 Manipulating magnetic fields and controlling their forces can levitate an
object.
 Using either Ferromagnetism or Diamagnetism object can be levitated.
 A superconductor is perfectly diamagnetic and electromagnets can exhibit
varying levels of ferromagnetism

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Fundamentals:
 Different pole of two magnet attract with other.
 Same pole of two magnet repel with with other.
 One arrangement is here where one bar magnet is levitate. S N
S N
SN
S N
ATTRACTION
REPULSION

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ELECTROMAGNETS
POWER SUPPLY
MICRO
CONTROLLER
METALPOWER SUPPLY METAL
ELECTROMAGNET ELECTROMAGNET

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SUPER LEVITRON
 “The principle is that two similar poles (e.g., two
north's) repel, and two different poles attract, with
forces that are stronger when the poles are closer.
 There are four magnetic forces on the top: on its
north pole, repulsion from the base's north and
attraction from the base's south, and on its south
pole, attraction from the base's north and repulsion
from the base's south.
 Because of the way the forces depend on distance,
the north-north repulsion dominates, and the top is
magnetically repelled.
 It hangs where this upward repulsion balances the
downward force of gravity, that is, at the point of
equilibrium where the total force is zero.”

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MAGNETIC TRANSPORTATION
 It is a system of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to suspend, guide and
propel vehicles from magnets i.e., driving without wheels.

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TYPES OF MAGLEV TRAINS
Based on the techniques used for Levitation there are two types of Maglev trains
ELECTROMAGNETIC SUSPENSION
• ATTRACTIVE
ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION
• REPULSIVE

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BASIC PRINCIPLE OF MAGLEV TRAINS
Maglev trains have to perform the following functions to operate in high speeds
1.Levitation 2.Propulsion 3.Lateral Guidance

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 Superconductivity occurs in certain materials at very low temperatures.
 When superconductive, a material has an electrical resistance of exactly
zero.
 It is also characterized by a phenomenon called the Meissner effect.
This is the ejection of any sufficiently weak magnetic field from the
interior of the superconductor as it transitions into the superconducting
state.
SUPERCONDUCTORS

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MEISSNER EFFECT
MAGNET
CONDUCTOR
TEMPERATURE
TIME
Tc
CONDUCTOR
MAGNET
T
T<TcT>Tc

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PROPULSION
 A linear electric motor (LEM) is a mechanism which converts electrical
energy directly into linear motion without employing any intervening
rotary components
 Linear Induction Motor (LIM) is basically a rotating squirrel cage induction
motor opened out flat. Instead of producing rotary torque from a cylindrical
machine it produces linear force from a flat one.
 Speeds vary from zero to many meters per second and are determined by
design and supply frequency.

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MAGLEV RAILINGS
 This train uses superconducting electric magnets in the vehicle to levitate and propel the train.
These magnets are cooled by liquid helium or liquid nitrogen. This means that once electrified
these magnets do not require additional energy.
 Each SCM contains 4 SC coils. The SCM features high reliability and high durability.
 The cylindrical unit at the top is a tank holding liquefied helium and nitrogen.
 The bottom unit is an SC coil alternately generating N poles and S poles.

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Maglev TRAINS VS Conventional Trains
Conventional Trains
 Routine Maintenance Needed
 Engine requires fossil fuels
 Speeds up to 110 mph
S N
S N
Maglev Trains
 No Friction = Less Maintenance
 No Engine = No fuel required
 Speeds in excess of 300 mph
S N
S N

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MAGLEV SPACE PROPULSION
A Maglev launch system would use magnetic fields
to levitate and accelerate a vehicle along a track at
speeds up to 600 mph.
The vehicle would shift to rocket engines for
launch to orbit. Maglev systems could dramatically
reduce the cost of getting to space because they’re
powered by electricity, an inexpensive energy
source that stays on the ground — unlike rocket
fuel that adds weight and cost to a launch vehicle.

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ADVANTAGES
 Less energy consumption because no rail-track friction.
 Requires no fossil fuel which can harm the environment.
 Less noise pollution since the train never hits the track.
 Maglev guideways and trains take up less space than conventional trains.

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LIMITATIONS
 Expensive guideway.
 Existence of conventional high speed train.
 Health concerns due to electromagnetic fields.
 Lack of investment.

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APPPLICATIONS
 MagLev Trains in INDIA.
 Electric generators- made with superconducting wire: They have a 99% efficiency and have
about half the size of conventional generators of conventional high speed train.
 NASA plans to use magnetic levitation for launching of space vehicles into low earth orbit.
 The mining industry will also benefit from MagLev.

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CONCLUSION
 Magnetic levitation is very advantageous technology with promising future scopes
to be used in almost every fields. Although it is yet to be completely explored but
the existing technology can also significantly develop our life to a large extent. The
MagLev offers a cheap, efficient alternative to the current rail system. A country like
India could benefit very much if this were implemented here.

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REFERENCES
 [1] R. F. Post, The Inductrack; a simpler approach to magnetic levitation.
 [2] Richard F., RYUTOV, Dmitri D. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
“THE INDUCTRACK APPROACH TO MAGNETIC LEVITATION SYSTEM.
 [3] Post, Richard F., Kratz, Robert, “Halbach Arrays for Maglev Applications,”
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. September 1999.
 [4] Post, Richard F., “Inductrack Demonstration Model,” Report UCRL-ID-
129664,February 3, 1998.
 [5] Dusty Funk & Kyle Getsla Project Advisor: Dr. Anakwa, May 12, 2006;
MAGNETIC LEVITATION FINAL REPORT.

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