The document discusses various topics related to sleep, hypnosis, and drugs including: 1. It presents several true/false statements about sleep, fantasies, and hypnosis. 2. It covers the stages of sleep including REM sleep and how circadian rhythms affect sleep cycles. 3. Insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and other sleep disorders are mentioned as reasons people may have issues with sleep. 4. Theories about what people dream about and Freud's views on dream content are briefly outlined.

1. Sleep, Hypnosis, and
Drugs
Unit 6

2. True or False? 1. People prone to delinquency and
violence have fewer vivid fantasies.
2. People who sleep eight hours a night
tend to outlive those chronically sleep-
deprived.
3. The most common dreams are those with
sexual imagery.
4. Under hypnosis, people can be induced
to perform feats they would otherwise
find impossible.
5. In large amounts, alcohol is a
depressant; in small amounts, it is a
stimulant.

3. Waking and Sleeping
m18

4. Waking Consciousness
Consciousness: our
awareness of ourselves
and our environments.
Conscious processing
is serial.
Subconscious
processing is parallel.
Reminder: Optimal
arousal.

5. Daydreams are perfectly normal for most people.
Daydreams can be escapist or rehearsal;
daydreaming is adaptive.
Can substitute for impulsive behavior.
95% of people have sexual fantasies everyday.
4% of the population suffers from fantasy-prone
personality disorder.
75% report spontaneous orgasm.

6. Biological rhythms:
Annual cycles
Twenty-eight day cycles
Twenty-four hour cycles
Ninety-minute cycles
Circadian rhythm
Biological clock; 24-hour
cycle
Can be affected by light -
light behind knees; artificial
light delays sleep.

7. Stage 1
Alpha waves
Hallucinations
Hypnogogic
sensations
Heartbeat &
respiration slows

8. Stage 2
Stage 4
Alpha waves, but – Delta waves
sleep spindles. – Bed wetting & sleep-
Possible sleep talk walking.
About half the
night is spent in
Stage 2
Stage 3
Delta waves
Transitional stage
only

9. REM sleep
Alpha waves
Nocturnal erections
“Paradoxical sleep”
Busy mind; still body
Medulla inhibits movement
messages
REM dreams are more emotional &
storylike

10. 0 = would never doze
1 = slight chance of dozing
2 = moderate chance of dozing
3 = high chance of dozing
A. Sitting and reading
B. Watching TV
C. Sitting, inactive in a public place, e.g., a theater or
meeting
D. As a passenger in a car for an hour without a break
E. Lying down to rest in the afternoon when
circumstances permit
F. Sitting and talking to someone
G. Sitting quietly after a lunch without alcohol
H. In a car while stopped for a few minutes in traffic

11. Evaluate your total score as follows:
0-5 Slight or no sleep debt
6-10 Moderate sleep debt
11-20 Heavy sleep debt
21-25 Extreme sleep debt

12. Reasons for Sleep Mentally regenerative
Physically recuperative

13. Too little sleep Decreased reaction time
Decreased problem-solving
Decreased immunity

14. Insomnia
Sleep Disorders Narcolepsy
Sleep apnea
Night terrors
Somnambulism

15. What do we dream?
“Lucid dreams”
8 in 10 contain negative emotions
65% of characters are male
Freud: Manifest content & latent
content