This is a presentation focusing on the occurrence of nightmares, what causes them, and how to prevent them. This study goes deep into how the human brain functions during sleep, showing how it affects dreaming and how the process of dreaming works.

1. N I G H T M A R E S
S A V I E L U C E
P E R 1 H O N O R S E N G L I S H 1 0

2. N I G H T M A R E S A R E F R I G H T E N I N G D R E A M S T H A T C A U S E
A N X I E T Y T H A T W A K E Y O U F R O M A D E E P S L E E P .
W H A T A R E N I G H T M A R E S ?

3. D R E A M S O C C U R E V E R Y N I G H T . T H E A V E R A G E
P E R S O N H A S S E V E R A L D R E A M S I N O N E N I G H T .
T H E S E O C C U R A S A R E S U L T O F D R E A M I N G .

4. S L E E P
• We spend almost a third of
our lives doing it
• It takes the average person
about seven minutes the
fall asleep
• Sleeping occurs in a cycle
called the REM Cycle
• We dream several times in
one night

8. • Stage 1
• Stage 2
• Stage 3
• Stage 4
• REM: This is where dreams
occur
T H E R E M
C Y C L E

9. D U R I N G T H E R E M S T A G E , D R E A M I N G O C C U R S . Y O U
A R E M O S T L I K E L Y T O S L E E P W A L K D U R I N G T H I S
S T A G E .
R E M :

10. M O S T M E M O R I E S A R E E F F E C T I V E L Y
S T O R E D I F P R O C E S S E D B E F O R E
S L E E P .
W H I L E S L E E P I N G , T H E H I P P O C A M P U S B E C O M E S I N C R E A S I N G L Y
A C T I V E .

11. T O S O R T A N D C O M P I L E
M E M O R I E S .
W E D R E A M A S A W A Y O F V E N T I N G O U T A L L P R E V I O U S
T H O U G H T P R O C E S S E S A N D F U N C T I O N S .

12. • During sleep, the brain
becomes most active.
Systems of the body rest
while others begin to
function more effectively.
T H E B R A I N

13. T H I S S E C T I O N O F T H E B R A I N S P E C I F I E S I N S H O R T T E R M
M E M O R Y , A N D H E L P S I N T H E P R O C E S S O F C O N V E R T I N G
T H E S E S H O R T C L I P S I N T O L O N G T E R M M E M O R I E S .
T H E H I P P O C A M P U S :

14. So what causes nightmares?

17. N I G H T M A R E S
• ADHD drugs: Ritalin, Vyvanse,
Adderall
• AIDS drugs: Sustiva
• Antianxiety drugs: Cymbalta,
EffexorT
• Antibiotics: Cipro
• Antidepressants: Tricyclics
(Elavil, Tofranil, Remeron);
SSRIs (Prozac, Paxil, Lexapro,
Celexa);

22. • Depression
• PTSD
• Stress
N I G H T M A R E S

25. Y E S , B U T N O T I N T H E W A Y Y O U
M I G H T T H I N K .
D O C E R T A I N F O O D S A F F E C T Y O U R D R E A M S ?

26. • The body rises in temperature
while digesting food, which is
thought to affect the brain
while dreaming, resulting in
nightmares
• Spicy foods take the longest to
digest
• Eating food directly before bed
is thought to cause nightmares
F O O D

28. Thinking
Patterns

29. Homework.

31. They have little to no effect on
different types of dreaming.

32. • Normal
• Nightmares
• Lucid
D R E A M S

33. L U C I D D R E A M I N G I S T H E A B I L I T Y T O B E C O M E P A R T L Y
C O N S C I O U S W H I L E S L E E P I N G , A N D C O N T R O L Y O U R O W N
D R E A M S .
W H A T I S L U C I D D R E A M I N G ?

34. C A N L U C I D D R E A M E R S C H O O S E T O
H A V E N I G H T M A R E S ?

35. T H E O R E T I C A L L Y , T H E Y C A N .
B U T D O T H E Y E V E R D O T H A T ?

47. http://mit.tv/zv0ymJ

48. Works Cited
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"Chapter 10: Overcoming Nightmares." Overcoming Nightmares. N.p., 05 Aug. 2003. Web. 03 Dec.
2014.
"Frequently Asked Questions." Dreamresearch.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2014.
<http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.ucsc.edu%2Fdreams%2FFAQ%2Fc>.
Hasler, Brant, and Anne Germain. "Correlates and Treatments of Nightmares in Adults." PMC. National
Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Dec. 2009. Web. 30 Nov.
2014.
"List of Prescription Drugs That Can Cause Nightmares | Wkyc.com." Wkyc.com. N.p., 2014. Web. 01
Dec. 2014.
"Lucid Dreaming: A State of Consciousness with Features of Both Waking and Non-Lucid Dreaming."
PMC. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, n.d. Web. 3 Dec. 2014.
<http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2737577%2F>.
Saucier, Gerard, Laura Geuy Akers, Seraphine Shen-Miller, and Lazar Stankov. "Patterns of Thinking
in Militant Extremism." Patterns of Thinking in Militant Extremism. N.p., 2014. Web. 04 Dec. 2014.
<http://pps.sagepub.com/content/4/3/256.short>.
Works Cited
"Adult Nightmares: Causes and Treatments." WebMD. WebMD, 2005. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
"Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d.
Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
"Sleep." Sleep. University of Michigan, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
"Stages of Sleep: REM and Non-REM Sleep Cycles." WebMD. WebMD, 2010. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
"Under the Brain's Control." Under the Brain's Control. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
"What Types Of Dreams Are There? | Stanford Sleep and Dreams." What Types Of Dreams Are
There? | Stanford Sleep and Dreams. N.p., 2010. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
"Why Lack of Sleep Is Bad for Your Health." Why Lack of Sleep Is Bad for Your Health. N.p., n.d. Web.
18 Dec. 2014.