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U08 memory slides
Memory is the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. There are several types of memory including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Memories can be forgotten due to factors like decay over time, interference from new memories, being in a different state than when the memory was encoded, or not having the proper cues at retrieval that were present during encoding. The low accuracy of police sketches can be attributed to forgetting details over time as well as interference and lack of cues, since witnesses are asked to recall and describe a face they saw briefly in a high-stress situation.
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U08 memory slides
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- 2. m24 Intro toMemory
- 3. MEMORY IS THE PERSISTENCEOF LEARNING OVER TIME, THROUGH THE STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL OF INFORMATION.
- 4. Can you remember: CLEAR September 11, 2001? R IES - A LLY MEMO OTIONA F LAS HBULB F AN EM EVENT R ORY O OMENT O MEM ANT M Your first kiss? C S IGNIFI A funeral you attended? An embarrassing moment in your life?
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- 8. Amnesia Anterograde Amnesia: inabilityto form new memories Retrograde Amnesia: inability to recall events prior to brain damage Posthypnotic amnesia Lacunar Amnesia: inability to recall specific event Korsakoff syndrome: alcoholism-induced amnesia
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- 11. Hijacking Leveling nondistinctivedetails are left out Sharpening distinctive elements retained
- 12. Automatic Effortful OR Processing Processing
- 13. Automatic Processing Encode forTime, Space, and Frequency Example of parallel processing Cannot willingly be turned on or off
- 14. Effortful Processing EBBINGHAUS: THE AMOUNT REMEMBERED DEPENDS ON THE TIME SPENT Rehearsal LEARNING Next-in-Line Effect Spacing Effect or “distributed learning” SERIAL POSITION EFFECT
- 15. WHAT DO WEENCODE BEST? MEANING! WHAT ARE THE MOST MEANINGFUL THINGS IN LIFE?
- 16. Pop Quiz 1. Whatwas the flight attendant’s name? 2. Where was the flight headed to originally? 3. What was the pilot’s name? 4. What airlines was it? 5. Where did the hijacker want to go?
- 17. Mnemonic devices Acronyms Chunking Roy G Biv 2024562461 HOMES Method of loci Rhyme ... In 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue
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- 23. Long-term Memory Increased serotonin sensitivityin cerebral cortex due to new receptor sites (created through CREB stimulation) Long-term potentiation
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- 25. Stronger emotional experiencesmake for more enduring memories ... ... but prolonged stress degrades memories
- 26. IMPLICIT VS EXPLICITMEMORIES
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- 29. How many ofeach animal did Noah have on his Ark? Which is correct to say, “The egg yolk ARE white” or “The egg yolk IS white”? Priming: the activation of “nearby” or associated memories.
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- 35. Encoding failures How manysides are on an average pencil? Which color is at the bottom of a stoplight? George Washington is on the front; what’s on the back of a $1 bill? Name Santa’s reindeer.
- 36. Decay Theory Time, andtime alone, will end all of your memories Effectively explains sensory and STM loss Ineffectively explains forgetting from LTM
- 37. Disuse Theory Use itor lose it Not recalling memories leads the brain to pair down those synaptic connections
- 38. Interference/Inhibition Theory Inabilityto recall or difficulty in remembering caused by too many memories interfering Proactive: PAST learning interferes Retroactive: PRESENT learning interferes
- 39. Amnesia Loss of memoriesas a result of psychological or physiological trauma Anterograde: no NEW memories Retrograde: loss of OLD memories
- 40. State Dependent Learning Not inthe same state as when the learning occurred? Then difficulty in recall
- 41. Motivated Forgetting Some things,you WANT to forget . . . According to Freud, “repression”
- 42. Cue Dependent Forgetting Retrieval failuredue to missing cues that were present during encoding misinformation effect source amnesia
- 44. SO WHAT ACCOUNTSFOR THE LOW ACCURACY OF POLICE SKETCHES?