Sensation Slides
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The document covers topics in sensation and perception including psychophysics, sensory thresholds, vision, hearing, touch, taste, and the vestibular sense. It discusses concepts like absolute threshold, signal detection, opponent-process theory of color vision, place and frequency theories of hearing, and gate control theory of pain. Examples of musical lyrics and optical illusions are included throughout to illustrate various perceptual phenomena.
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Sensation Unit slides
This document provides an overview of topics related to sensation and perception including:
- Introduction to concepts like psychophysics, top-down vs bottom-up processing, and absolute threshold.
- Vision topics such as the wavelength and amplitude of light, visual processing in the retina and brain, and color vision theories.
- Hearing topics including amplitude and frequency, theories of place and frequency coding, and types of hearing loss.
- Other senses like touch, taste, and the vestibular system.
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The document discusses several topics related to perception including:
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2. It discusses factors that influence perception such as context effects, bottom-up and top-down processing, and Gestalt principles of perception.
3. It covers depth perception cues including binocular and monocular depth cues, and deficits in perception like agnosia and prosopagnosia.
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Sensation and perception
This document discusses sensation and perception and defines them as stages of processing sensory information in humans and animals. It covers key concepts like thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory adaptation, and the different sensory systems including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. The objectives are to understand these concepts and familiarize with how each of the five senses works at a basic level.
U05 Sensation slides 2011
The document covers several topics in sensation and perception including:
1. It introduces psychophysics and discusses top-down versus bottom-up processing.
2. It covers concepts in vision including hue, intensity, visual processing cells, and color constancy.
3. In hearing, it discusses amplitude, frequency, theories of hearing like place and frequency theory, and types of hearing loss.
4. Other senses discussed include touch, taste, and the vestibular sense versus kinesthesis.
Sensory system
The sensory system is the part of the nervous system that detects ,transfers and processes stimuli from the environment
http://www.asktheneurologist.com/Sensory-System.html
Sensation & Perception
Sensation is the process of detecting stimuli through the senses, while perception involves interpreting and organizing those sensory inputs. Sensation is bottom-up processing, while perception involves top-down processing using memories and experiences. The document defines key concepts like absolute threshold, difference threshold, and signal detection theory, and describes how the different senses of vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch detect and process stimuli.
Sensation & Perception
Sensation is the detection of a stimulus by the senses, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information. Sensory receptors detect physical stimuli and transmit neural signals to the brain for perception. The brain integrates sensory information to form a conscious experience and interpretation of the environment. Perception involves both bottom-up processing of sensory data and top-down effects of memory and experience. Various perceptual illusions demonstrate how perception does not always accurately reflect objective reality.
Recommended
Sensation Unit slides
This document provides an overview of topics related to sensation and perception including:
- Introduction to concepts like psychophysics, top-down vs bottom-up processing, and absolute threshold.
- Vision topics such as the wavelength and amplitude of light, visual processing in the retina and brain, and color vision theories.
- Hearing topics including amplitude and frequency, theories of place and frequency coding, and types of hearing loss.
- Other senses like touch, taste, and the vestibular system.
Perception
The document discusses several topics related to perception including:
1. It describes different theories of perception such as direct perception theories, constructive perception theories, template theories, and prototype theories.
2. It discusses factors that influence perception such as context effects, bottom-up and top-down processing, and Gestalt principles of perception.
3. It covers depth perception cues including binocular and monocular depth cues, and deficits in perception like agnosia and prosopagnosia.
Development of sociology
Sociology emerged in the 19th century during a time of social upheaval due to revolutions. Early sociologists like Auguste Comte, who coined the term "sociology", and Herbert Spencer shaped the discipline. Comte focused on social order/stability and social change. Spencer proposed social Darwinism. Karl Marx viewed history as class conflict between the bourgeoisie and proletariat. Emile Durkheim is regarded as the founder of functionalism and studied the social causes of suicide. Max Weber critiqued Marx and studied bureaucracies and rationalization. American sociology began at the University of Chicago in the early 20th century and later expanded to other schools.
Sensation and perception
This document discusses sensation and perception and defines them as stages of processing sensory information in humans and animals. It covers key concepts like thresholds, signal detection theory, sensory adaptation, and the different sensory systems including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. The objectives are to understand these concepts and familiarize with how each of the five senses works at a basic level.
U05 Sensation slides 2011
The document covers several topics in sensation and perception including:
1. It introduces psychophysics and discusses top-down versus bottom-up processing.
2. It covers concepts in vision including hue, intensity, visual processing cells, and color constancy.
3. In hearing, it discusses amplitude, frequency, theories of hearing like place and frequency theory, and types of hearing loss.
4. Other senses discussed include touch, taste, and the vestibular sense versus kinesthesis.
Sensory system
The sensory system is the part of the nervous system that detects ,transfers and processes stimuli from the environment
http://www.asktheneurologist.com/Sensory-System.html
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Sensation is the process of detecting stimuli through the senses, while perception involves interpreting and organizing those sensory inputs. Sensation is bottom-up processing, while perception involves top-down processing using memories and experiences. The document defines key concepts like absolute threshold, difference threshold, and signal detection theory, and describes how the different senses of vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch detect and process stimuli.
Sensation & Perception
Sensation is the detection of a stimulus by the senses, while perception is the interpretation of sensory information. Sensory receptors detect physical stimuli and transmit neural signals to the brain for perception. The brain integrates sensory information to form a conscious experience and interpretation of the environment. Perception involves both bottom-up processing of sensory data and top-down effects of memory and experience. Various perceptual illusions demonstrate how perception does not always accurately reflect objective reality.
The Interpretation of Sensory Information
1) Psychophysics is the study of the relationships between sensory experiences and the physical stimuli that cause them. It examines concepts like sensation, perception, thresholds, and how we interpret minimal stimuli.
2) Signal detection theory studies how people respond to stimuli and make hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections, which depends on instructions and strategies, not just senses.
3) Subliminal perception refers to the idea that stimuli can influence behavior unconsciously, though research shows it likely only produces brief, subtle effects and cannot be used to control buying habits or behavior.
Ch5 ppt
This chapter discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which sensory receptors receive stimulus energy, and perception as organizing and interpreting sensory information. The chapter covers basic principles of psychophysics and thresholds. It describes the sensory systems of vision, audition, touch, taste, and smell. For each sense, it discusses the relevant anatomy, transduction of stimuli, and processing in the brain. Topics include color vision, visual illusions, sound localization, pain perception, and factors affecting smell.
Sensation & Perception 1
Sensation is the impact of external stimuli on our sensory receptors, while perception is our brain's interpretation of these sensory inputs. Transduction is the process where environmental stimuli are converted into neural impulses that are transmitted to the brain. The brain then processes these impulses to create useful information and meaning about the world. Key concepts in sensation and perception include absolute and difference thresholds, signal detection theory, and sensory adaptation in which we become less sensitive to unchanging stimuli over time.
Chapter 5 ap psych- Sensation
The document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the detection of physical stimuli by the senses and perception as the interpretation and organization of sensory information. It describes bottom-up processing as analysis starting with sense receptors and working up to the brain, and top-down processing as information guided by higher-level mental processes and experience. It also discusses psychophysics, sensory thresholds, adaptation, and the senses of vision and audition.
Mr. Hunter Ch. 5
This chapter discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which our sensory receptors receive stimulus energy, and perception as organizing and interpreting sensory information. The chapter covers the basic principles of psychophysics and thresholds. It then discusses each sense in detail, including the anatomy and physiology of vision, audition, touch, taste, smell, and the vestibular system. It also addresses topics like color vision, visual illusions, sound localization, pain perception, and age-related changes to the senses.
Chapter 5
The document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception. It discusses the basic principles of sensation including thresholds, adaptation and psychophysics. It then examines the senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell and movement. For vision it explores light characteristics, the eye anatomy, visual processing and color vision. For hearing it covers sound characteristics, ear anatomy, theories of audition and localization of sounds. It emphasizes that sensation and perception involve both bottom-up and top-down processing to construct representations of the external world.
2 Sensation .pptx
This article is about a topic of Psychology. sensation.
It contains some important points related to the sensation and has some relevant examples.
Chapter5
This document provides an overview of sensation and perception. It discusses how sensation is the detection of physical stimuli through the senses, while perception involves interpreting sensations. Sensory processes like threshold, adaptation, and transduction are explained. The key senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell are described in terms of their stimuli, receptors, and neural processing. Higher-level concepts such as perceptual organization, memory, attention, and individual differences are also briefly covered.
Chapter 3 sensation and perception notes
This document provides an overview of sensation and perception. It discusses how sensation occurs through the activation of receptors in sense organs, and how this leads to neural signals in the brain. It describes the different sensory receptors and thresholds, including absolute threshold and Weber's law of just noticeable differences. It also covers topics like sensory adaptation, habituation, and subliminal perception. Specific sections are devoted to the structure and function of sight and hearing, including the eye, retina, color perception, and ear anatomy.
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This document provides an outline of key topics in sensation and perception, including:
- The distinction between sensation, which is the detection of stimuli, and perception, which is the interpretation and organization of sensory information.
- The stages of sensation from detection by sensory receptors to transmission to the brain.
- Examples of what humans can and cannot detect with their senses.
- Concepts like perceptual problems, sensory adaptation, attention, and Gestalt psychology principles of perceptual organization.
- Details of the visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory and somatosensory systems.
- Phenomena such as phantom limb pain and purported extrasensory abilities.
Chapter3 Gen
The document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the stimulation of the senses and perception as how we organize and interpret sensations. It then discusses the sequence of events involved in sensation, including stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of signals to the brain. Finally, it briefly outlines several senses like vision, hearing, smell, and touch, and discusses perceptual processes.
Chapter 3 Psych 1 Online Stud
Sensation refers to the processing of sensory information, while perception is how the brain interprets and organizes this information. The document discusses several human sensory systems - vision, hearing, taste, smell, vestibular sense, kinesthetic sense, and cutaneous senses. It describes the basic components and processes involved in each system, such as the eye's rods and cones, hair cells in the inner ear, and receptors on the tongue and skin. Perception involves constancies that allow objects to appear consistent despite changes in retinal images, as well as depth cues and Gestalt principles of organization.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception from a lecture on chapter three. It discusses the six major human senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and pain. It then explains the basic principles of sensation, which is the detection of stimuli, and perception, which is the interpretation of sensations. Sensory thresholds, adaptation, and transduction are defined. The structures and processes of vision and hearing are described in more detail.
2nd year ospe ( sensory motor - special sense )
This document describes various sensory and motor examinations. It provides details on testing different sensory modalities like touch, pain, vibration and proprioception. It describes the receptors, pathways and locations of lesions for loss of each sensation. Reflex testing is also covered, including deep tendon reflexes and plantar reflex. The document compares features of upper and lower motor neuron lesions that can be discerned through motor examination.
Sensation.pptx
This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain, while perception is the active process of interpreting that incoming information. It describes the different sensory systems including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. For each sense, it explains the sensory receptors, transduction process, and thresholds for detection. It also discusses principles of sensation such as adaptation and difference thresholds.
4. sensation & perception
1. Sensation is the detection of environmental stimuli by the sense organs, while perception is the process of organizing and interpreting these stimuli.
2. Sensory processing involves the transduction of stimuli into nerve impulses, feature detection in the brain, and the reconstruction of stimuli from neural representations matched with prior experience.
3. Psychophysics studies the relationship between physical stimulus characteristics and sensory capabilities. Signal detection theory holds that perception involves uncertainty and decision-making rather than fixed thresholds.
Ch05
This chapter discusses sensation and perception. Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors receive stimulus energy, while perception involves interpreting and organizing sensory information. There are bottom-up and top-down processes in sensation and perception. Thresholds, including absolute, difference, and subliminal thresholds, are discussed. Different senses, including vision, audition, touch, taste, smell, kinesthesis, and vestibular senses are described.
Chapter 3 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199408234400754 3[1]
The document discusses various topics related to sensation and perception including:
1. It describes the different sensory systems including vision, hearing, taste, smell, body position, and movement.
2. It discusses concepts like sensation, perception, receptors, transduction, and adaptation as they relate to how the sensory systems work.
3. It provides details about specific topics within each sensory system, such as the parts of the eye, visual pathways, color vision theories, types of hearing loss, taste receptors, and cutaneous senses.
Sensation & Perception
The document discusses the key concepts of sensation and perception in psychology. Sensation is the detection and encoding of physical stimuli by the senses, while perception involves interpreting and making meaning from sensations based on experience. It describes the different senses like vision, hearing, touch, smell and taste. For vision it explains how light is transduced by the eyes and processed in the brain. For hearing it discusses sound waves and processing in the brain. It also covers concepts like sensory adaptation, perceptual constancy and how assumptions and context can influence perception.
Chapter 5Sensation and PerceptionFigure 5.1 If you wer.docx
Chapter 5
Sensation and Perception
Figure 5.1 If you were standing in the midst of this street scene, you would be absorbing and processing numerous
pieces of sensory input. (credit: modification of work by Cory Zanker)
Chapter Outline
5.1 Sensation versus Perception
5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
5.3 Vision
5.4 Hearing
5.5 The Other Senses
5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Introduction
Imagine standing on a city street corner. You might be struck by movement everywhere as cars and people
go about their business, by the sound of a street musician’s melody or a horn honking in the distance,
by the smell of exhaust fumes or of food being sold by a nearby vendor, and by the sensation of hard
pavement under your feet.
We rely on our sensory systems to provide important information about our surroundings. We use this
information to successfully navigate and interact with our environment so that we can find nourishment,
seek shelter, maintain social relationships, and avoid potentially dangerous situations.
This chapter will provide an overview of how sensory information is received and processed by the
nervous system and how that affects our conscious experience of the world. We begin by learning the
distinction between sensation and perception. Then we consider the physical properties of light and sound
stimuli, along with an overview of the basic structure and function of the major sensory systems. The
chapter will close with a discussion of a historically important theory of perception called Gestalt.
Chapter 5 | Sensation and Perception 149
5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Distinguish between sensation and perception
• Describe the concepts of absolute threshold and difference threshold
• Discuss the roles attention, motivation, and sensory adaptation play in perception
SENSATION
What does it mean to sense something? Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific
types of stimuli. When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor, sensation has occurred. For
example, light that enters the eye causes chemical changes in cells that line the back of the eye. These
cells relay messages, in the form of action potentials (as you learned when studying biopsychology), to
the central nervous system. The conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential is known as
transduction.
You have probably known since elementary school that we have five senses: vision, hearing (audition),
smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), and touch (somatosensation). It turns out that this notion of five
senses is oversimplified. We also have sensory systems that provide information about balance (the
vestibular sense), body position and movement (proprioception and kinesthesia), pain (nociception), and
temperature (thermoception).
The sensitivity of a given sensory system to the relevant stimuli can be expressed as an absolute threshold.
Absolute threshol.
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The Interpretation of Sensory Information
1) Psychophysics is the study of the relationships between sensory experiences and the physical stimuli that cause them. It examines concepts like sensation, perception, thresholds, and how we interpret minimal stimuli.
2) Signal detection theory studies how people respond to stimuli and make hits, misses, false alarms, and correct rejections, which depends on instructions and strategies, not just senses.
3) Subliminal perception refers to the idea that stimuli can influence behavior unconsciously, though research shows it likely only produces brief, subtle effects and cannot be used to control buying habits or behavior.
Ch5 ppt
This chapter discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which sensory receptors receive stimulus energy, and perception as organizing and interpreting sensory information. The chapter covers basic principles of psychophysics and thresholds. It describes the sensory systems of vision, audition, touch, taste, and smell. For each sense, it discusses the relevant anatomy, transduction of stimuli, and processing in the brain. Topics include color vision, visual illusions, sound localization, pain perception, and factors affecting smell.
Sensation & Perception 1
Sensation is the impact of external stimuli on our sensory receptors, while perception is our brain's interpretation of these sensory inputs. Transduction is the process where environmental stimuli are converted into neural impulses that are transmitted to the brain. The brain then processes these impulses to create useful information and meaning about the world. Key concepts in sensation and perception include absolute and difference thresholds, signal detection theory, and sensory adaptation in which we become less sensitive to unchanging stimuli over time.
Chapter 5 ap psych- Sensation
The document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the detection of physical stimuli by the senses and perception as the interpretation and organization of sensory information. It describes bottom-up processing as analysis starting with sense receptors and working up to the brain, and top-down processing as information guided by higher-level mental processes and experience. It also discusses psychophysics, sensory thresholds, adaptation, and the senses of vision and audition.
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This chapter discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the process by which our sensory receptors receive stimulus energy, and perception as organizing and interpreting sensory information. The chapter covers the basic principles of psychophysics and thresholds. It then discusses each sense in detail, including the anatomy and physiology of vision, audition, touch, taste, smell, and the vestibular system. It also addresses topics like color vision, visual illusions, sound localization, pain perception, and age-related changes to the senses.
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The document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception. It discusses the basic principles of sensation including thresholds, adaptation and psychophysics. It then examines the senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell and movement. For vision it explores light characteristics, the eye anatomy, visual processing and color vision. For hearing it covers sound characteristics, ear anatomy, theories of audition and localization of sounds. It emphasizes that sensation and perception involve both bottom-up and top-down processing to construct representations of the external world.
2 Sensation .pptx
This article is about a topic of Psychology. sensation.
It contains some important points related to the sensation and has some relevant examples.
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This document provides an overview of sensation and perception. It discusses how sensation is the detection of physical stimuli through the senses, while perception involves interpreting sensations. Sensory processes like threshold, adaptation, and transduction are explained. The key senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell are described in terms of their stimuli, receptors, and neural processing. Higher-level concepts such as perceptual organization, memory, attention, and individual differences are also briefly covered.
Chapter 3 sensation and perception notes
This document provides an overview of sensation and perception. It discusses how sensation occurs through the activation of receptors in sense organs, and how this leads to neural signals in the brain. It describes the different sensory receptors and thresholds, including absolute threshold and Weber's law of just noticeable differences. It also covers topics like sensory adaptation, habituation, and subliminal perception. Specific sections are devoted to the structure and function of sight and hearing, including the eye, retina, color perception, and ear anatomy.
Ch. 04 outline.pptx
This document provides an outline of key topics in sensation and perception, including:
- The distinction between sensation, which is the detection of stimuli, and perception, which is the interpretation and organization of sensory information.
- The stages of sensation from detection by sensory receptors to transmission to the brain.
- Examples of what humans can and cannot detect with their senses.
- Concepts like perceptual problems, sensory adaptation, attention, and Gestalt psychology principles of perceptual organization.
- Details of the visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory and somatosensory systems.
- Phenomena such as phantom limb pain and purported extrasensory abilities.
Chapter3 Gen
The document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the stimulation of the senses and perception as how we organize and interpret sensations. It then discusses the sequence of events involved in sensation, including stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of signals to the brain. Finally, it briefly outlines several senses like vision, hearing, smell, and touch, and discusses perceptual processes.
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Sensation refers to the processing of sensory information, while perception is how the brain interprets and organizes this information. The document discusses several human sensory systems - vision, hearing, taste, smell, vestibular sense, kinesthetic sense, and cutaneous senses. It describes the basic components and processes involved in each system, such as the eye's rods and cones, hair cells in the inner ear, and receptors on the tongue and skin. Perception involves constancies that allow objects to appear consistent despite changes in retinal images, as well as depth cues and Gestalt principles of organization.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in sensation and perception from a lecture on chapter three. It discusses the six major human senses of vision, hearing, touch, taste, smell, and pain. It then explains the basic principles of sensation, which is the detection of stimuli, and perception, which is the interpretation of sensations. Sensory thresholds, adaptation, and transduction are defined. The structures and processes of vision and hearing are described in more detail.
2nd year ospe ( sensory motor - special sense )
This document describes various sensory and motor examinations. It provides details on testing different sensory modalities like touch, pain, vibration and proprioception. It describes the receptors, pathways and locations of lesions for loss of each sensation. Reflex testing is also covered, including deep tendon reflexes and plantar reflex. The document compares features of upper and lower motor neuron lesions that can be discerned through motor examination.
Sensation.pptx
This document discusses sensation and perception. It defines sensation as the passive process of bringing information from the outside world into the body and brain, while perception is the active process of interpreting that incoming information. It describes the different sensory systems including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch. For each sense, it explains the sensory receptors, transduction process, and thresholds for detection. It also discusses principles of sensation such as adaptation and difference thresholds.
4. sensation & perception
1. Sensation is the detection of environmental stimuli by the sense organs, while perception is the process of organizing and interpreting these stimuli.
2. Sensory processing involves the transduction of stimuli into nerve impulses, feature detection in the brain, and the reconstruction of stimuli from neural representations matched with prior experience.
3. Psychophysics studies the relationship between physical stimulus characteristics and sensory capabilities. Signal detection theory holds that perception involves uncertainty and decision-making rather than fixed thresholds.
Ch05
This chapter discusses sensation and perception. Sensation is the process by which our sensory receptors receive stimulus energy, while perception involves interpreting and organizing sensory information. There are bottom-up and top-down processes in sensation and perception. Thresholds, including absolute, difference, and subliminal thresholds, are discussed. Different senses, including vision, audition, touch, taste, smell, kinesthesis, and vestibular senses are described.
Chapter 3 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199408234400754 3[1]
The document discusses various topics related to sensation and perception including:
1. It describes the different sensory systems including vision, hearing, taste, smell, body position, and movement.
2. It discusses concepts like sensation, perception, receptors, transduction, and adaptation as they relate to how the sensory systems work.
3. It provides details about specific topics within each sensory system, such as the parts of the eye, visual pathways, color vision theories, types of hearing loss, taste receptors, and cutaneous senses.
Sensation & Perception
The document discusses the key concepts of sensation and perception in psychology. Sensation is the detection and encoding of physical stimuli by the senses, while perception involves interpreting and making meaning from sensations based on experience. It describes the different senses like vision, hearing, touch, smell and taste. For vision it explains how light is transduced by the eyes and processed in the brain. For hearing it discusses sound waves and processing in the brain. It also covers concepts like sensory adaptation, perceptual constancy and how assumptions and context can influence perception.
Chapter 5Sensation and PerceptionFigure 5.1 If you wer.docx
Chapter 5
Sensation and Perception
Figure 5.1 If you were standing in the midst of this street scene, you would be absorbing and processing numerous
pieces of sensory input. (credit: modification of work by Cory Zanker)
Chapter Outline
5.1 Sensation versus Perception
5.2 Waves and Wavelengths
5.3 Vision
5.4 Hearing
5.5 The Other Senses
5.6 Gestalt Principles of Perception
Introduction
Imagine standing on a city street corner. You might be struck by movement everywhere as cars and people
go about their business, by the sound of a street musician’s melody or a horn honking in the distance,
by the smell of exhaust fumes or of food being sold by a nearby vendor, and by the sensation of hard
pavement under your feet.
We rely on our sensory systems to provide important information about our surroundings. We use this
information to successfully navigate and interact with our environment so that we can find nourishment,
seek shelter, maintain social relationships, and avoid potentially dangerous situations.
This chapter will provide an overview of how sensory information is received and processed by the
nervous system and how that affects our conscious experience of the world. We begin by learning the
distinction between sensation and perception. Then we consider the physical properties of light and sound
stimuli, along with an overview of the basic structure and function of the major sensory systems. The
chapter will close with a discussion of a historically important theory of perception called Gestalt.
Chapter 5 | Sensation and Perception 149
5.1 Sensation versus Perception
Learning Objectives
By the end of this section, you will be able to:
• Distinguish between sensation and perception
• Describe the concepts of absolute threshold and difference threshold
• Discuss the roles attention, motivation, and sensory adaptation play in perception
SENSATION
What does it mean to sense something? Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific
types of stimuli. When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor, sensation has occurred. For
example, light that enters the eye causes chemical changes in cells that line the back of the eye. These
cells relay messages, in the form of action potentials (as you learned when studying biopsychology), to
the central nervous system. The conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential is known as
transduction.
You have probably known since elementary school that we have five senses: vision, hearing (audition),
smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), and touch (somatosensation). It turns out that this notion of five
senses is oversimplified. We also have sensory systems that provide information about balance (the
vestibular sense), body position and movement (proprioception and kinesthesia), pain (nociception), and
temperature (thermoception).
The sensitivity of a given sensory system to the relevant stimuli can be expressed as an absolute threshold.
Absolute threshol.
Similar to Sensation Slides (20)
Chapter 3 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199408234400754 3[1]
Chapter 3 Psych 1 Online Stud 1199408234400754 3[1]
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3) Several use cases are provided, such as substitutions where iPads replace other tools, and transformations where iPads enable new possibilities like blogging, photo/video, and textbook authoring.
1600 iPads
This document summarizes the implementation of a 1-to-1 iPad program at a Jesuit high school in San Francisco with 1,455 students. It describes the professional development for teachers which includes Apple training sessions, lunch workshops, and an iPad social. It outlines the student training process of distribution workshops and a freshman technology workshop. It also discusses the apps used by students, how iPads have been used for learning activities, issues around loss and breakage, the IT infrastructure changes needed, and considerations around leasing vs buying iPads and insurance options.
Google apps introduction
This document provides an introduction to Google Apps which will replace Outlook Web Access starting April 25th. Google Apps includes Gmail for email, private YouTube and Google Docs accessible only with a school email, Google Calendar to schedule events, and Google Sites. It describes some key features of Gmail like searching emails, filing emails in folders, changing settings and themes. It also mentions using Google Calendar to schedule events and organizing documents in folders on Google Docs. Students with questions are directed to see Mr. Castro in the tech lab.
Draw something 2012
This document discusses several psychological concepts including social facilitation, attribution theory, mere exposure effect, superordinate goals, foot-in-the-door phenomenon, and Sternberg's theory of passionate love. It examines how these concepts relate to human behavior and social interactions.
U16 social psych 2011
This document discusses several concepts from social psychology including social norms, attribution theory, conformity, obedience, prejudice, aggression, attraction, and altruism. It provides explanations and examples of how social influences like norms, authority, and groups can impact individuals' behaviors and attitudes. Key experiments exploring these social phenomena are summarized, such as Asch's conformity study, Milgram's obedience experiment, and theories on attribution, attraction, and helping behaviors.
M37 Motivation at Work slides
Industrial-organizational psychology studies behavior in work settings, including personnel psychology which helps with employee selection and assessment, organizational psychology which enhances the work environment, and human factors psychology. Achievement motivation, the drive to succeed, is key to performance more than innate ability. Engaged employees who are involved and satisfied in their work perform better. Effective managers harness employees' skills, set challenging goals, and choose a leadership style like task, social, or transformational leadership to motivate workers.
Fall Final review
1. Psychology is the scientific study of human thought and behavior with roots in introspection and structuralism.
2. Key issues in psychology include nature vs nurture, stability vs change, and continuity vs stages of development.
3. There are different types of research in psychology including case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys, correlational studies, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, and experiments. Experiments involve variables, operational definitions, control and experimental conditions, and significance testing.
M31 intelligence slides
The document discusses different perspectives on intelligence, including whether it is a general or specific ability, factors related to creativity and its relationship to intelligence, and efforts to correlate intelligence with brain anatomy, functioning, and cognitive processing speed. It also provides 12 findings about intelligence and outlines theories of multiple intelligences put forth by researchers like Gardner, Sternberg, and Salovey and Mayer regarding linguistic, logical, musical abilities as well as emotional intelligence.
M30 language slides
This document discusses language, thought, and cognition. It covers topics like:
- The structure of language including phonemes, morphemes, grammar, syntax, and semantics.
- Theories of language acquisition by Chomsky and Skinner.
- The relationship between thinking and language, and the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
- Examples of linguistic and non-linguistic thinking and cognition.
- Whether animals have and use language.
M29 thinking slides
The document discusses various aspects of thinking and problem solving, including concepts, prototypes, algorithms, heuristics, and obstacles like confirmation bias, fixation, mental set, and functional fixedness. It also covers decision making heuristics like representativeness, availability, and overconfidence, as well as how framing and belief bias can affect judgments. The document provides examples and descriptions to illustrate these different cognitive processes and challenges.
Internet safety slides
This document provides internet safety tips in 7 sections:
1. Create a positive digital footprint and leave only positive information online.
2. Protect your privacy by not revealing personal information, using secure passwords, and being aware of security risks.
3. Protect yourself from identity theft by destroying private records, securing your mail, and monitoring credit reports.
4. Protect yourself from bullies by not engaging in bullying behavior, saving evidence of bullying, and telling a trusted adult.
5. Protect yourself from predators by being wary of emotionally vulnerable situations online and only interacting with people you know.
6. Protect yourself from yourself by avoiding posting anything online that could have negative consequences.
7. Overall, the tips
U08 memory slides
Memory is the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. There are several types of memory including sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Memories can be forgotten due to factors like decay over time, interference from new memories, being in a different state than when the memory was encoded, or not having the proper cues at retrieval that were present during encoding. The low accuracy of police sketches can be attributed to forgetting details over time as well as interference and lack of cues, since witnesses are asked to recall and describe a face they saw briefly in a high-stress situation.
U07 learning slides 2011
1. Classical conditioning: A dog salivating (UR) in response to food (US), then later salivating (CR) at the sound of a bell (CS) that was paired with the food.
2. Operant conditioning: A rat pressing a lever and receiving a food pellet (reinforcement), learning that the behavior of lever pressing results in receiving food.
3. Observational learning: A child watching another child receive praise for helping clean up toys, then the observing child also helping to clean up toys in order to receive similar praise.
M18 slides
The document discusses various topics related to sleep, hypnosis, and drugs including:
1. It presents several true/false statements about sleep, fantasies, and hypnosis.
2. It covers the stages of sleep including REM sleep and how circadian rhythms affect sleep cycles.
3. Insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and other sleep disorders are mentioned as reasons people may have issues with sleep.
4. Theories about what people dream about and Freud's views on dream content are briefly outlined.
m19 Hypnosis
Hypnosis is a mental state involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness. There are two main theories on hypnosis: the dissociation theory which suggests that hypnosis involves a dissociation between the conscious and unconscious mind, and the social-cognitive theory which views hypnosis as a social interaction where expectations of altered experience lead to responses of compliance and suggestion.
M20 drugs
This document discusses psychoactive drugs and their effects. It defines psychoactive drugs as those that affect the brain and alter consciousness. It describes how these drugs work in the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier and interacting with neurotransmitters. It then discusses different types of drug effects including dependence, and provides examples of commonly abused drugs like cannabis, depressants, dissociatives, hallucinogens, opioids, and stimulants.
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Sensation Slides
- 1. Sensation & Perception unit m12-17
- 2. m12 - Introduction to Sensation
- 3. Psychophysics beginnings Top-down vs Bottom-Up Processing
- 6. Stairway to Heaven “Yes there are two paths that you can go by, but in the long run there’s still time to change the road you’re on”
- 7. Stairway to Heaven “Yes there are two paths that you can go by, but in the long run there’s still time to change the road you’re on”
- 8. Stairway to Heaven “Oh here’s to my sweet Satan. The one whose little path would make me sad, whose power is Satan.”
- 9. Stairway to Heaven “Oh here’s to my sweet Satan. The one whose little path would make me sad, whose power is Satan.”
- 10. Another One Bites the Dust “Another one bites the dust Another one bites the dust Another one bites the dust”
- 11. Another One Bites the Dust “Another one bites the dust Another one bites the dust Another one bites the dust”
- 12. Another One Bites the Dust “It’s fun to smoke marijuana It’s fun to smoke marijuana It’s fun to smoke marijuana”
- 13. Another One Bites the Dust “It’s fun to smoke marijuana It’s fun to smoke marijuana It’s fun to smoke marijuana”
- 20. Difference threshold (Just noticeable difference) Weber’s Law Light must differ by 8% Weight by 2% Tone by 0.3%
- 21. Sensory adaptation Sensory attention x Cocktail party effect
- 22. What do you see?
- 23. Whato you see? h do W
- 24. Whato you see? h do W
- 25. m13 - Vision
- 26. Hue = wavelength Intensity = amplitude
- 28. Normal Nearsighted Farsighted
- 37. What do you see?
- 38. What do you see?
- 39. What do you see?
- 40. What do you see?
- 41. What do you see?
- 42. Color Vision Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory additive color mixing
- 43. Color Vision Opponent-Process Theory after-image effects . . .
- 47. Color processing seems to occur in two stages: Retinal cones respond like Young- Helmholtz trichromatic theory Signal processed via opponent-process in the central nervous system
- 48. Color Constancy
- 53. m14 - Hearing
- 54. Amplitude = volume Frequency = pitch
- 55. Amplitude = volume Frequency = pitch
- 57. Echolocation
- 59. Conduction Hearing Loss Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- 60. m15 - Other Senses
- 61. Touch Pressure, warmth, cold, and pain • Only pressure has identifiable sensory neurons Pain is adaptive • Hyperalgesia and Congenital Analgia Phantom Limb Gate Control Theory
- 62. Taste • Sweet, sour, salty, bitter ... and umami • Super-tasters
- 64. Vestibular Sense vs Kinesthesis
Editor's Notes
- Subliminal stimulation exists/ persuasion does not
- Tinnitus