LYSINE PRODUCTION
BY FERMENTATION PROCESS
1
SOURAV MONDAL
MSC MICROBIOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
AN OVERWIEW OF AMINO ACIDS AND LYSINE
3
• AMINO ACIDS ARE THE MONOMERIC SUBUNITS BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEINS. ALL
PROTEINS IN OUR WORLD ARE MADE FROM THE UBIQUITOUS SET OF 20 AMINO ACIDS
• AMINO ACIDS ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, THEY HAVE TWO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, A
CARBOXYL GROUP (-COOH) AND AN AMINE GROUP (-NH2) BONDED TO THE SAME
CARBON ATOM (THE α CARBON)
• THE AMINO GROUP IS BASIC IN NATURE AND THE CARBOXYL GROUP IS ACIDIC IN NATURE
• THEY ALSO CONTAIN A HYDROGEN ATOM AND A SIDE CHAIN (R GROUP) WHICH IS
SPECIFIC TO EACH AMINO ACID.
• THE KEY ELEMENTS OF AN AMINO ACID ARE CARBON (C) , HYDROGEN (H) , OXYGEN (O) ,
AND NITROGEN (N).
• ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AMINO ACIDS IN DIET , THEY ARE DIVIDED
INTO TWO CLASSES - ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.
WHAT IS AN AMINO ACID ?
4
AMINO ACID
PRODUCED IN
THIS PHASE
WHAT IS LYSINE ??
5
H
I
H2N—C—COOH
I
CH2
I
CH2
I
CH2
I
CH2
I
NH2
LYSINE
(Lys, K)
• L- LYSINE (2,6-DIAMINOHEXANOIC ACID) IS AN ESSENTIAL AMINO
ACID FOR THE NUTRITION OF HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS.
OTHER NAMES OF LYSINE ARE Lys , K AND HAVING MOLECULAR
FORMULA (C6H14N2O2)
• IT IS USED FOR SUPPLEMENTING THE CEREAL PROTEINS LACKING
THIS AMINO ACID.
• THIS AMINO ACID IS USED MEDICALLY AS A NUTRIENT IN FORM OF
SUPPLEMENTS AND MEDICINES
• LYSINE IS PRESENT IN TWO FORMS , L - FORM AND D - FORM
HISTORY…
6
1889
• LYSINE FIRST ISOLATED FROM CASEIN
1956
• LYSINE WAS COMMERCIALLY INTRODUCED AS FEED
1978
• THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF FERMENTED
L-LYSINE WAS PRODUCED BY A JAPNESE COMPANY
KYOWA HAKKO KOGYO
7
PRODUCTION OF
LYSINE
OVERVIEW OF LYSINE PRODUCTION
NATURALLY AND INDUSTRIALLY
8
• PRODUCTION OF LYSINE NATURALLY , TAKES PLACES BY TWO BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS
1. THE DAP (DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID) PATHWAY
FOUND IN BACTERIA (e.g. Corynebactrium glutamicum), ALGAE , HIGHER PLANTS AND OOMYCOTA
2. THE AAA ( α – AMINO – ADIPATE) PATHWAY
FOUND IN FUNGI AND EUGLENOIDS
NATURALLY (LYSINE BIOSYNTHESIS)
9
10
I U F D O
INBOUND
LOGISTICS
UP STREAM
PROCESSING
FERMENTATION DOWN STREAM
PROCESSING
OUTBOUND
LOGIDTICS
• RAW MATERIALS
• MICROBIAL
CULTURE
• MEDIA
• CULTURE
OPTIMIZATION
• MEDIA
FORMULATION
• MEDIA
UTILIZATION &
LYSINE
PRODUCTION
• SEPERATION
• EXTRACTION
• PURIFICATION
• PACKAGING
OF L- LYSINE
11
INBOUND
LOGISTICS
12
• FERMENTATION MEDIA
CARBON SOURCE  CANE MOLASSES
NITROGEN SOURCE  CORN STEEP LIQUOR / SOYABEAN MEAL
MINERAL AND SALTS  KH2PO4 / K2HPO4 / CaCO3
TRACE ELEMENTS  CORN STEEP LIQUOR
ANTI FOAMING AGENT  PEG-2000, SILICONE BASED OIL.
RAW MATERIALS
• INSTRUMENTS
13
• IT IS A GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM
• IT IS ROD SHAPED BACTERIUM
• THEY LIVES IN CHAINS OR IN CLUSTERS
• THE BACTERIUM IS USUALLY PRESENT IN SOIL
• IT IS NON MOTILE
• THE BACTERIUM IS A NON SPORE FORMER
• THE BACTERIUM IS A NON PATHOGENIC
CULTURE ( Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21526)
14
UP STREAM
PROCESS
15
MEDIA FORMULATION
INGREDIENTS AMOUNT (GRAM / LITRE )
GLUCOSE 100 g
UREA 5 g
BIOTIN 0.01 g
LEUCINE 0.4 g
MgSO4 2.85 g
KH2PO4 / K2HPO4 0.5 g
MnSO4 0.016 g
CaCO3 20 g
(NH4)2SO4 46 g
DISTILLED WATER 1000 L
MEDIA PREPRATION FOR GROWTH OF CULTURE AND INOCULLUM DEVELOPEMENT
16
• DONE BY GENOME
SHUFFLING
• RIBOZOME ENGINEERING
• PROTOPLAST FUSION
CULTURE OPTIMIZATION
DONE TO OVEREXPRESS THE EXPRESSION OF INDIVIDUAL BIOSYNTHETIC
GENE Lys C AND Dap A
INOCULLUM DEVELOPEMENT
17
500
ml
1 litre
L . F
5 L
SEED
FERMENTER
50 L
PILOT
FERMENTER
100 L
100
ml
PRE CULTURE
SLANT
TO PRODUCTION
FERMENTER
18
FERMENTATION
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FERMENTATION
19
FERMENTATION
PROCESS
SUBMERGED
FERMENTATION
AEROBIC
FERMENTATION
MODE OF
OPERATION
BATCH
PROCESS
FED-BATCH
PROCESS
FERMENTER
TYPE
STIREDTANK
FERMENTER
AIRLIFT
FERMENTER
PROCESS
PARAMETERS
OPTIMUM PH 
7.2
OPTIMUM
TEMPERATURE
 (35 – 37)° C
TIME  100 HRS
PRODUCTION
CYCLE
20
• CULTURE MEDIA PREPATED BY MIXING
PROCESSED WATER, GLUCOSE & NUTRIENTS
• FERMENTATION PERFORMED IN FED-BATCH
MODE AND UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION
• IN BATCH PHASE SEED CULTURE IS FED INTO
THE FERMENTER PREVIOUSLY FILLED WITH
FERMENTATION BATCH MEDIUM
• WHEN GLUCOSE IS EXHAUSTED, THE BATCH
FERMENTATION PHASE ENDS AND FED-BATCH
FERMENTATION PHASE STARTS
THE FERMENTATION PROCESS
CULTURE
CARBOHYDRATE
SOURCE
PRODUCE
AMINO
ACID
21
DOWN STREAM
PROCESSING
22
SEPERATION
• CELL REMOVAL
• L-LYSINE
RECOVERY
EXTRACTION • FURTHER REMOVAL OF IMURITIES
• CONCENTRATION OF L-LYSINE
PURIFICATION
• PURIFIED L-LYSINE READY
FOR PACKAGING
D S P - SCHEMATIC
SEPERATION OF L-LYSINE
23
LIQUID
L-LYSINE
L-LYSINE SEPERATED
FROM CELLS BY
ULTRAFILTRATION
L-LYSINE
SELECTIVELY ABSORBED
BY ION-EXCHANGE
CHROMATOGRAPHY
L-LYSINE ELUTED
FROM CHROMATOGRAPHY
RESINS BY WASHING
WITH AQUEOUS AMMONIA
SOLUTION
24
L – LYSINE HCL
CONCENTRATED
(ACIDIFIED L-LYSINE)
L - LYSINE
MOTHE
R
LIQUOR
HCL
LIQUID
L - LYSINE
MOTHER
LIQUOR
(CANE
MOLASSES)
HCL
EXTRACTION OF L-LYSINE
PURIFICATION OF L-LYSINE
25
ACIDIFIED
L - LYSINE
PURE
L – LYSINE
LIQUID
OR
POWDERED L- LYSINE
OR
CRYSTALINE L-LYSINE
26
OUTBOUND
LOGISTICS
27
PACKAGING OF L-LYSINE
25 KG BAG
50 g BOTTLE
PURIFIED
L-LYSINE
28
USES OF L-LYSINE
FIELD OF APPLICATION USED IN
 IN FOOD NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS, FOOD DECORANTS
 IN BEVERAGES NUTRITIONAL SPORTS DRINK
 IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREVENTING AND TREATING COLD SORES
CAUSED BY HERPES SIMPLEX LABIALIS VIRUS
 IN HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE COSMETICS, PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS, BABY PRODUCTS,
BATH PRODUCTS, EYE MAKEUP, SAVING KITS
 IN AGRICULTURE / ANIMAL FEED /
POULTRY
ANIMAL FEED AND USED IN FERTILIZERS
 IN OTHER INDUSTRIES AS INTERMEDIATE TO PRODUCE OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS
29
THANK YOU
FOR
WATCHING

Lysine production

  • 1.
    LYSINE PRODUCTION BY FERMENTATIONPROCESS 1 SOURAV MONDAL MSC MICROBIOLOGY
  • 2.
    INTRODUCTION AN OVERWIEW OFAMINO ACIDS AND LYSINE
  • 3.
    3 • AMINO ACIDSARE THE MONOMERIC SUBUNITS BUILDING BLOCKS OF PROTEINS. ALL PROTEINS IN OUR WORLD ARE MADE FROM THE UBIQUITOUS SET OF 20 AMINO ACIDS • AMINO ACIDS ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, THEY HAVE TWO FUNCTIONAL GROUPS, A CARBOXYL GROUP (-COOH) AND AN AMINE GROUP (-NH2) BONDED TO THE SAME CARBON ATOM (THE α CARBON) • THE AMINO GROUP IS BASIC IN NATURE AND THE CARBOXYL GROUP IS ACIDIC IN NATURE • THEY ALSO CONTAIN A HYDROGEN ATOM AND A SIDE CHAIN (R GROUP) WHICH IS SPECIFIC TO EACH AMINO ACID. • THE KEY ELEMENTS OF AN AMINO ACID ARE CARBON (C) , HYDROGEN (H) , OXYGEN (O) , AND NITROGEN (N). • ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE AMINO ACIDS IN DIET , THEY ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO CLASSES - ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND NON ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS. WHAT IS AN AMINO ACID ?
  • 4.
  • 5.
    WHAT IS LYSINE?? 5 H I H2N—C—COOH I CH2 I CH2 I CH2 I CH2 I NH2 LYSINE (Lys, K) • L- LYSINE (2,6-DIAMINOHEXANOIC ACID) IS AN ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID FOR THE NUTRITION OF HUMANS AND OTHER ANIMALS. OTHER NAMES OF LYSINE ARE Lys , K AND HAVING MOLECULAR FORMULA (C6H14N2O2) • IT IS USED FOR SUPPLEMENTING THE CEREAL PROTEINS LACKING THIS AMINO ACID. • THIS AMINO ACID IS USED MEDICALLY AS A NUTRIENT IN FORM OF SUPPLEMENTS AND MEDICINES • LYSINE IS PRESENT IN TWO FORMS , L - FORM AND D - FORM
  • 6.
    HISTORY… 6 1889 • LYSINE FIRSTISOLATED FROM CASEIN 1956 • LYSINE WAS COMMERCIALLY INTRODUCED AS FEED 1978 • THE FIRST PRODUCTION OF FERMENTED L-LYSINE WAS PRODUCED BY A JAPNESE COMPANY KYOWA HAKKO KOGYO
  • 7.
    7 PRODUCTION OF LYSINE OVERVIEW OFLYSINE PRODUCTION NATURALLY AND INDUSTRIALLY
  • 8.
    8 • PRODUCTION OFLYSINE NATURALLY , TAKES PLACES BY TWO BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS 1. THE DAP (DIAMINOPIMELIC ACID) PATHWAY FOUND IN BACTERIA (e.g. Corynebactrium glutamicum), ALGAE , HIGHER PLANTS AND OOMYCOTA 2. THE AAA ( α – AMINO – ADIPATE) PATHWAY FOUND IN FUNGI AND EUGLENOIDS NATURALLY (LYSINE BIOSYNTHESIS)
  • 9.
  • 10.
    10 I U FD O INBOUND LOGISTICS UP STREAM PROCESSING FERMENTATION DOWN STREAM PROCESSING OUTBOUND LOGIDTICS • RAW MATERIALS • MICROBIAL CULTURE • MEDIA • CULTURE OPTIMIZATION • MEDIA FORMULATION • MEDIA UTILIZATION & LYSINE PRODUCTION • SEPERATION • EXTRACTION • PURIFICATION • PACKAGING OF L- LYSINE
  • 11.
  • 12.
    12 • FERMENTATION MEDIA CARBONSOURCE  CANE MOLASSES NITROGEN SOURCE  CORN STEEP LIQUOR / SOYABEAN MEAL MINERAL AND SALTS  KH2PO4 / K2HPO4 / CaCO3 TRACE ELEMENTS  CORN STEEP LIQUOR ANTI FOAMING AGENT  PEG-2000, SILICONE BASED OIL. RAW MATERIALS • INSTRUMENTS
  • 13.
    13 • IT ISA GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIUM • IT IS ROD SHAPED BACTERIUM • THEY LIVES IN CHAINS OR IN CLUSTERS • THE BACTERIUM IS USUALLY PRESENT IN SOIL • IT IS NON MOTILE • THE BACTERIUM IS A NON SPORE FORMER • THE BACTERIUM IS A NON PATHOGENIC CULTURE ( Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 21526)
  • 14.
  • 15.
    15 MEDIA FORMULATION INGREDIENTS AMOUNT(GRAM / LITRE ) GLUCOSE 100 g UREA 5 g BIOTIN 0.01 g LEUCINE 0.4 g MgSO4 2.85 g KH2PO4 / K2HPO4 0.5 g MnSO4 0.016 g CaCO3 20 g (NH4)2SO4 46 g DISTILLED WATER 1000 L MEDIA PREPRATION FOR GROWTH OF CULTURE AND INOCULLUM DEVELOPEMENT
  • 16.
    16 • DONE BYGENOME SHUFFLING • RIBOZOME ENGINEERING • PROTOPLAST FUSION CULTURE OPTIMIZATION DONE TO OVEREXPRESS THE EXPRESSION OF INDIVIDUAL BIOSYNTHETIC GENE Lys C AND Dap A
  • 17.
    INOCULLUM DEVELOPEMENT 17 500 ml 1 litre L. F 5 L SEED FERMENTER 50 L PILOT FERMENTER 100 L 100 ml PRE CULTURE SLANT TO PRODUCTION FERMENTER
  • 18.
  • 19.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF THEFERMENTATION 19 FERMENTATION PROCESS SUBMERGED FERMENTATION AEROBIC FERMENTATION MODE OF OPERATION BATCH PROCESS FED-BATCH PROCESS FERMENTER TYPE STIREDTANK FERMENTER AIRLIFT FERMENTER PROCESS PARAMETERS OPTIMUM PH  7.2 OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE  (35 – 37)° C TIME  100 HRS PRODUCTION CYCLE
  • 20.
    20 • CULTURE MEDIAPREPATED BY MIXING PROCESSED WATER, GLUCOSE & NUTRIENTS • FERMENTATION PERFORMED IN FED-BATCH MODE AND UNDER AEROBIC CONDITION • IN BATCH PHASE SEED CULTURE IS FED INTO THE FERMENTER PREVIOUSLY FILLED WITH FERMENTATION BATCH MEDIUM • WHEN GLUCOSE IS EXHAUSTED, THE BATCH FERMENTATION PHASE ENDS AND FED-BATCH FERMENTATION PHASE STARTS THE FERMENTATION PROCESS CULTURE CARBOHYDRATE SOURCE PRODUCE AMINO ACID
  • 21.
  • 22.
    22 SEPERATION • CELL REMOVAL •L-LYSINE RECOVERY EXTRACTION • FURTHER REMOVAL OF IMURITIES • CONCENTRATION OF L-LYSINE PURIFICATION • PURIFIED L-LYSINE READY FOR PACKAGING D S P - SCHEMATIC
  • 23.
    SEPERATION OF L-LYSINE 23 LIQUID L-LYSINE L-LYSINESEPERATED FROM CELLS BY ULTRAFILTRATION L-LYSINE SELECTIVELY ABSORBED BY ION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY L-LYSINE ELUTED FROM CHROMATOGRAPHY RESINS BY WASHING WITH AQUEOUS AMMONIA SOLUTION
  • 24.
    24 L – LYSINEHCL CONCENTRATED (ACIDIFIED L-LYSINE) L - LYSINE MOTHE R LIQUOR HCL LIQUID L - LYSINE MOTHER LIQUOR (CANE MOLASSES) HCL EXTRACTION OF L-LYSINE
  • 25.
    PURIFICATION OF L-LYSINE 25 ACIDIFIED L- LYSINE PURE L – LYSINE LIQUID OR POWDERED L- LYSINE OR CRYSTALINE L-LYSINE
  • 26.
  • 27.
    27 PACKAGING OF L-LYSINE 25KG BAG 50 g BOTTLE PURIFIED L-LYSINE
  • 28.
    28 USES OF L-LYSINE FIELDOF APPLICATION USED IN  IN FOOD NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS, FOOD DECORANTS  IN BEVERAGES NUTRITIONAL SPORTS DRINK  IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREVENTING AND TREATING COLD SORES CAUSED BY HERPES SIMPLEX LABIALIS VIRUS  IN HEALTH AND PERSONAL CARE COSMETICS, PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS, BABY PRODUCTS, BATH PRODUCTS, EYE MAKEUP, SAVING KITS  IN AGRICULTURE / ANIMAL FEED / POULTRY ANIMAL FEED AND USED IN FERTILIZERS  IN OTHER INDUSTRIES AS INTERMEDIATE TO PRODUCE OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS
  • 29.