Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Here is brief ppt on industrial production of amino acids - glutamine, lysine, tryptophan.
Please share your feedback and queries. Constructive criticism is appreciated.
Thank you
Industrial production of lactic acid & monosodium glutamateWishal Butt
Widely occurring organic acid
Applications in industry, food , textile, pharmaceutical
White in solid
Extremely soluble
DISCOVERY:-
In 1780 discovered by a Swedish chemist SCHEELE by sour milk.
1839, FERMY from sugar , milk , starch , dextrin.
1857 , PASTEUR, discovered that it is not a component of milk , but a metabolite that certain microorganisms produced by fermentation.Monosodium glutamate (MSG, also known as sodium glutamate) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid,
one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids.
It is commonly known as Ajinomoto.
It is found naturally in tomatoes, cheese and other foods.
It is used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer.
this presentation elaborates about the process of producing baker's yeast in detail
contents:1)Introduction
2)media and other raw material preparation
3)fermentation conditions
4)industrial preparation
5)Flowchart for the production of baker’s yeast
6)applications of bakers yeast.
Generally, organic acids are produced commercially either by chemical synthesis or fermentation. ... All organic acids of tricarboxylic acid cycle can be produced in high yields in microbiological processes. Among fermentation processes, the production of organic acids is dominated by submerged fermentation.
Here is brief ppt on industrial production of amino acids - glutamine, lysine, tryptophan.
Please share your feedback and queries. Constructive criticism is appreciated.
Thank you
Industrial production of lactic acid & monosodium glutamateWishal Butt
Widely occurring organic acid
Applications in industry, food , textile, pharmaceutical
White in solid
Extremely soluble
DISCOVERY:-
In 1780 discovered by a Swedish chemist SCHEELE by sour milk.
1839, FERMY from sugar , milk , starch , dextrin.
1857 , PASTEUR, discovered that it is not a component of milk , but a metabolite that certain microorganisms produced by fermentation.Monosodium glutamate (MSG, also known as sodium glutamate) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid,
one of the most abundant naturally occurring non-essential amino acids.
It is commonly known as Ajinomoto.
It is found naturally in tomatoes, cheese and other foods.
It is used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer.
this presentation elaborates about the process of producing baker's yeast in detail
contents:1)Introduction
2)media and other raw material preparation
3)fermentation conditions
4)industrial preparation
5)Flowchart for the production of baker’s yeast
6)applications of bakers yeast.
s.sabarinathan ...the alcholic beverage has many benifits on helth if it consumed in a small amount they are produced in the larger quantity in industrial methods they are described in detail
production of alcoholic beverage using biotechnological methods
production of alcoholic beverage using microbial fermentation
contains the types of alcoholic beverage with its industrial production
it contain the use of saccharomyces cervisiae in fermentation of beer.....
Industrial Production of Amino Acid (L-Lysine)Mominul Islam
Three amino acids which are produced at large scale includes-
- L-lysine
- L-glutamic acid
- DL- methionine
We are now going to discuss about the production of L-Lysine
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Scope of Industrial Microbiology and BiotechnologyDr. Pavan Kundur
Industrial microbiology defined as the study of the large-scale and profit motivated production of microorganisms or their products for direct use, or as inputs in the manufacture of other goods.
This presentation will cover mainly wine production and its Applications, This presentation is given by Miss Khunsha Fatima.
For video you can visit the Link Below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ochm4xr5zEI&t=159s
Vitamin B12 biosynthesis is restricted to microorganisms. Most of the steps in the
biosynthesis of vitamin B12 have been characterized in Pseudomonas denitrificans, Salmonella
typhimurium and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Some authors have reported about the
requirement of more than 30 genes for the entire de novo biosynthesis of cobalamin, which
amounts to about 1 % of a typical bacterial genome. Two different biosynthetic routes for
vitamin B12 exist in nature:
• aerobic, or more precisely an oxygen-dependent pathway that is found in organisms like P.
denitrificans, and
• anaerobic, oxygen-independent pathway investigated in organisms like P. shermanii,
Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus megaterium.
s.sabarinathan ...the alcholic beverage has many benifits on helth if it consumed in a small amount they are produced in the larger quantity in industrial methods they are described in detail
production of alcoholic beverage using biotechnological methods
production of alcoholic beverage using microbial fermentation
contains the types of alcoholic beverage with its industrial production
it contain the use of saccharomyces cervisiae in fermentation of beer.....
Industrial Production of Amino Acid (L-Lysine)Mominul Islam
Three amino acids which are produced at large scale includes-
- L-lysine
- L-glutamic acid
- DL- methionine
We are now going to discuss about the production of L-Lysine
Steps involved in fermentation products producing a viable product output.various steps and process were explained in them. A semester syllabus of undergraduate microbiology student in his/her semester -5 in paper -6 . I think this might be helpful to you and have a good response after reading this .thank you.
Scope of Industrial Microbiology and BiotechnologyDr. Pavan Kundur
Industrial microbiology defined as the study of the large-scale and profit motivated production of microorganisms or their products for direct use, or as inputs in the manufacture of other goods.
This presentation will cover mainly wine production and its Applications, This presentation is given by Miss Khunsha Fatima.
For video you can visit the Link Below:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ochm4xr5zEI&t=159s
Vitamin B12 biosynthesis is restricted to microorganisms. Most of the steps in the
biosynthesis of vitamin B12 have been characterized in Pseudomonas denitrificans, Salmonella
typhimurium and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Some authors have reported about the
requirement of more than 30 genes for the entire de novo biosynthesis of cobalamin, which
amounts to about 1 % of a typical bacterial genome. Two different biosynthetic routes for
vitamin B12 exist in nature:
• aerobic, or more precisely an oxygen-dependent pathway that is found in organisms like P.
denitrificans, and
• anaerobic, oxygen-independent pathway investigated in organisms like P. shermanii,
Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus megaterium.
Determination of Immobilization Process Parameters of Corynebacterium glutami...IJERA Editor
The parameters of the immobilized process of Corynebacterium glutamicum on kappa carrageenan were identified by
Plackett-Burman matrix, and the experiments were designed by response surface methodology having the central
composite designs (RSM-CCD). The maximum yield of cell immobilization on kappa carrageenan carrier reached at
78% ± 2%. Optimal parameters were 3 grams kappa carrageenan per 100 militters sterile water and 58.58 million
cfu/mL, forming gels at 100C for 25 minutes and the speed when soaking particles of 150 rpm for 120 minutes in 0.58
M potassium chlorua solvent. The immobile finished products are applied in L-lysine production, their reusing ability
is 3 times and the total yield of L-lysine was accumulated 93 g/L in medium during 96 fermented hours. The L-lysine
productivity of the batch fermentation was 0.969 g.L-1
.h-1
. And the set-up storage conditions are the mixed solvent of
CaCl2 0.5% (w/v) and KCl 0.5% (w/v); pH is 7.0 in 40C. After 60 storage days, the survival cell rate was remained
51%.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Production of α-amylase using new strain of Bacillus polymyxa isolated from s...IOSR Journals
In this study, a new amylase producer strain was isolated from sweet potato tuber. This strain was able to grow at 37 °C and produce α-amylase in high quantity compared to other standard strain cultures. In the first part, cultivation in shake flask in standard medium was carried out to give complete information about the growth and production kinetics of this strain. The results clearly demonstrate that the isolated strain is able to production α-amylase in submerged culture with concentration up to 2050 kat/L after 20 h cultivation. Furthermore, medium optimization was carried out by changing the starch concentration and cell cultivation in medium of mixed carbon source (composed of starch and glucose of ratio 15:5 g/g) to enhance the production process and to increase the growth rate. The volumetric and specific α-amylase production in this optimized medium were 4550 kat/L and 1060 kat/g, respectively. Further improvement in enzyme production process was achieved by scaling up the process from shake flask to 3-L stirred tank bioreactor under non-oxygen limiting condition. The maximal volumetric and specific α-amylase productions in bioreactor batch culture were 5210 kat/L and 1095kat/g, respectively, after only 14 h cultivation
Production of lactic acid from sweet meat industry waste by lactobacillus del...eSAT Journals
Abstract A large amount of whey is discharged from sweet meat industry, which is responsible for environmental pollution and a large amount of whey protein and milk sugar are also wasted. This whey may be utilized for valuable lactic acid production. Lactobacillus delbruki was used for lactic acid production from cow-milk whey. Lactic acid production was 12.22 gm/L at pH: 6.8, temperature: 420C, Inculum volume: 4% , fermentation time: 24hr, medium volume: 125 mL in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask, medium composition, whey supplemented with peptone : 1.5%, glucose: 2.0% and ammonium chloride: 1.0%. Keywords: Lactic acid, whey, Lactobacillus delbruki
Production of lactic acid from sweet meat industry waste by lactobacillus del...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A yeast strain E2 was purified from traditional yeast, and retained for its strongly acidifying, fermentative and saccharolytic
power. In fact, this strain produces a high concentration of acetic acid 105.85 mg / L revealed by using the H.P.L.C DAD technique
during its growth in semi synthetic medium containing sucrose at 5 g /l as only carbon source. The pH of the culture medium increases
from 5.58 to 2.76 after 24 hours of culture and to 2.48 after 48 hours of
Lipase Production from Bacillus subtilis using various Agricultural wasteIJAEMSJORNAL
Lipases was produced by Bacillus subtilis PCSIR NL-38 strain and rape seed oil cake as substrate. Surface fermentation of minimal media in 250ml conical flask under static conditions gave 12.81 U/ml of lipases at 40°C for 48 hours. Lipase activity was monitored titrimatrically. Optimization of physicochemical parameters indicated that PCSIR NL-38 showed maximum lipase production at pH 7 with NH4NO3 as inorganic nitrogen source, glucose as carbon source, FeSO4.7H2O as salt, with 7% inoculum size and 96 hours of incubation.
production of citric acid , acetic acid and gluconic acid...
CITRIC ACID.
Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. It is naturally found in fruits such as lemon, orange, pineapple, plum, and pear.
- Molecular formula is C6H8O7 and belongs to the carboxylic acids groups.
- Stronger acid compared to other typical carboxylic acid.
Produced by fermentation and suitable pH is around 3-6. Citric acid is ( 2- hydroxy-1,2,3 propane tricarboxylic acid).
Citric acid is excreted from the cells in response to unfavorable intracellular condition caused by increased levels of tricarboxylic acids (TCA)
A crucial prerequisite for overflow of citric acid from A. niger cells is therefore increased level of Krebs cycle intermediates caused by anaplerotic reactions.
ACETIC ACID
• Acetic Acid is systematically named as ethanoic acid.
• It is a colorless liquid organic compound.
• It has a pungent/ vinegar-like odor.
• Glacial acetic acid is the pure form of acetic acid (99.98%).
• Vinegar is product of Acetic acid. The first vinegar was spoiled wine.
• It has melting point 16 to 17°C; 61 to 62°F.
GLUCONIC ACID.
Introduction:
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2 (CHOH)4COOH.
It is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid. In aqueous solution at delicately acidic pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion.
Gluconic Acid is the carboxylic acid formed by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose with antiseptic and chelating properties.
Gluconic acid, found abundantly in plant, honey and wine, can be prepared by fungal fermentation process commercially. This agent and its derivatives can used in formulation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food products as additive or buffer salts.
Aqueous gluconic acid solution contains cyclic ester glucono delta lactone structure, which chelates metal ions and forms very stable complexes. In alkaline solution, this agent exhibits strong chelating activities towards anions, i.e. calcium, iron, aluminum, copper, and other heavy metals.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
1. COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION
OF LACTIC ACID
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2016-2017)
DR. SHAKUNTALA MISRA NATIONAL
REHABILITATION UNIVERSITY
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. D.C. SHARMA
H.O.D OF MICROBIOLOGY
SUBMITTED BY:-
SUDHIR KUMAR
M.Sc. 2nd Sem
(Microbiology)
2. LACTIC ACID: INTRODUCTION
1) IUPAC NAME: 2- HYDROXY PROPANOIC ACID.
2) CHEMICAL FORMULA: C3H6O3 or CH3CHOHCOOH.
3) MOLAR MASS: 90.08 g·mol−1
4) MELTING POINT: L: 53 °C
D: 53 °C
D/L: 16.8 °C
5) BOILING POINT: 122 °C.
6) DENSITY: 1.206 g/ml at 25 °C
3. STRUCTURE OF D(-) AND L(+)
LACTIC ACID
Lactic acid is chiral, consist of 2 optical isomers.
When both added in equal quantity to form a
mixture is known as DL-lactic acid,
5. SYNTHESIS OF LACTIC ACID
CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS:
:- used to produce racemic
mixture (DL -lactic acid).
:- LACTONITRILE is hydrolysed
by conc. Sulphuric acid to get
lactic acid and ammonium salt.
MICROBIAL SYNTHESIS:
:- used to produce pure L(+)
and D(-)
lactic acid.
:- mainly CARBOHYDRATE
is a substrate for LAB’S
(LACTIC ACID BACTERIA )
& Rhizopus oryzae.
7. LACTIC ACID PRODUCTION BY MICROBIAL
FERMENTATION
:- Inoculam should be 5-10% of the liquid volume of the
Fermentor.
:- Temprature: 35 °C (95 °F) to 46° C (115 °F).
:- pH: 5-6.5 (maintained by adding base like ammonium
hydroxide).
:- BATCH FERMENTATION is preferred.
:-BATCH & FED-BATCH FERMENTATION- High
concentration of lactic acid is achieved.
:-CONTINOUES FERMENTATION- High productivity of
Lactic acid is achieved.
:- Airlift Bioreactor is preferred for Rhizopus oryzae.
(filamentous fungi).
8. MICROBIAL CULTURE:
1) Rhizopus oryzae: convert starch directly into amylolytic enzyme
activity.
2) Lactobacillus delbrueckii: convert hexoses into lactic acid in
fermentor at pH= 5.0 to 6.5 and temprature 46° C (115 °F) to 60 °
C (140 °F).
3) Lactobacillus bulgaricus: convert hexoses into lactic acid in
fermentor at pH= 6.0 to 7.0 and temprature 43° C.
4) Mixed culture of Lactobacillus brevis & Lactobacillus pentosus
were used by GARDE to produce lactic acid on large scale
production
5) YUN produced lactic acid from Enterococcus faecalis RKY1 from
single and mixed sugar.
Note: Rhizopus species can form L(+) lactic acid but yield is
very low and the mycelia of the fungi increases the viscosity
9. DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES:
MEDIA COMPOSITION:-
CARBON SOURCE:
1) Carbohydrates derived from beet-sugar, whey, cane
molasses, barley and malt.
2) Biomass of Lignocellulose: renewable carbon source. It is
a low cost and extensively available.
For ex:- sugarcane waste, banana waste, pomegranate waste,
apple waste, peanut husk, banana stalk, wheat straw.
LIGNOCELLULOSE=CELLULOSE+HEMICELLULOSE
HEMICELLLULOSE= HEXOSE +PENTOSE.
10. MEDIA OPTIMIZATION:
Productivity is affected by temprature, fermentation time and level of
substrate.
Highest yield obtained after 7 days fermentation by 18% substrate level
is 7.76g/100ml i.e. 77.6g/l.
Maximum recovery 78.30% w.r.t initial whole sugar
concentration(9.91g/100ml)
Rhizopus oryzae NRRL 395 is immobilised in polyurethane foam by
using response surface methodology.
Max. production of lactic acid is obtained 93.2g/L by using glucose
concentration 150g/L at pH=6.39 and rate of agitation 147 rpm.
Production of lactic acid by immobilised whole cells are 55% higher than
suspension culture.
Calcium aliginate (jelly type compound) is utilized to immobilize
Lactobacillus delbrueckii by using pineapple waste.
11. Two low cost Nitrogen source CSL(corn steep liquor) and YA(yeast
autolysate).
Produce D(-) Lactic acid with Lactobacillus LMI8 sp.
Maximum production of D(-) lactic acid calculated was 41.42g/L which
corresponds to 5g/L of YA and 15g/L of CSL.
Production of lactic acid by immobilised cells of Lactococcus lactis IO-1
12. Product recovery
1) ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY.
2) NEW MEMBRANE INTEGRATED
TECHNOLOGY(NANOFILTERATION)
3)Strong acid Cation Exchange Resin (Sulfonic acid on Polyesterene).
4)Foam separation technique.