Axeon is a European manufacturer of lithium-ion battery systems for electric vehicles, energy storage, and power tools. It has partnerships with major cell suppliers and conducts research and development projects to advance battery technology, including projects to develop higher energy density cells using nano-coated lithium iron phosphate, silicon-tin alloys, and lithium-sulfur chemistries. Axeon is working on these technologies through collaborations with universities and companies to improve automotive battery performance and enable longer electric vehicle ranges.
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage and Grid Integration Workshop: Storage at the Threshold - Beyond Lithium-ion Batteries, presented by George Crabtree, Director, JCESR, Argonne National Laboratory, August 23-24.
Lithium-ion battery - Challenges for renewable energy solutions - InnoVentum ...Jeff Gallagher
Background on InnoVentum and ADB (Asian Development Bank)
InnoVentum is striving to give Power to the People by making renewable energy affordable and available.
• 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity at all. To start with, InnoVentum is targeting “island economies” like the Philippines, the Maldives and Sri Lanka where most energy today is produced by diesel and gasoline generators.
• InnoVentum is offering a typhoon-resilient solar-wind hybrid solution called the Dali PowerTower and this needs a battery back-up.
• Most human aid organisations today require significant capacity – amounting to 30 kWh per set – and modern Li-
Ion Battery (LIB) technology, but expect lowest possible LCOE (Levelised Cost of Energy) and best possible
sustainability/LCA.
• InnoVentum is using iKnow-Who to organise a collaborative University Competition
The Materials Science of Lithium-Ion Batteries (Sept 2014)Andrew Gelston
The document discusses lithium-ion batteries and their materials. It provides an overview of lithium-ion battery components and chemistry, focusing on the commonly used 18650 battery cell format. Key points covered include the anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials used in lithium-ion batteries and how they enable the transfer of lithium ions and electrons. Degradation issues related to cycling and temperature are also summarized.
This document discusses lithium ion batteries with silicon anodes as an improvement over traditional graphite anodes. Silicon can store 10 times more lithium than graphite, offering higher energy density and capacity. However, silicon's large volume changes during charging cause cracking issues. Researchers are using silicon nanowires which can accommodate these changes without breaking. Silicon nanowire battery electrodes provide good performance with high capacity and long cycle life. Potential applications of lithium ion silicon anode batteries include consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage.
ALL-SOLID STATE BATTERIES: AN OVERVIEW FOR BIO APPLICATIONSGururaj B Rawoor
This technical seminar overviewed all-solid state batteries and their applications for bio uses. It discussed the history of batteries from Galvani's discovery of "animal electricity" to Volta's invention of the first chemical battery. The seminar described the working principles of solid state batteries, which have solid electrodes and electrolytes, as well as their advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries that use liquid electrolytes. Challenges for future batteries were presented, such as replacing the metallic lithium anode, and applications discussed including portable devices, electric vehicles, and medical implants.
Part 1 of the tutorial on the Lithium Battery Explorer provides an overview of Li-ion battery technology and the properties that are relevant to battery researchers.
Interested viewers should refer to the following publications for more details:
1) Review: G. Ceder, G. Hautier, A. Jain, S. P. Ong. Recharging lithium battery research with first-principles methods. MRS Bulletin, 2011, 36, 185--191.
2) Computational Electrode Assessment: G. Hautier, A. Jain, S. P. Ong, B. Kang, C. Moore, R. Doe, and G. Ceder. Phosphates as Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: An Evaluation Based on High-Throughput ab Initio Calculations. Chemistry of Materials, 2011, 23(15), 3495-3508.
3) Predicting Battery Safety: S. P. Ong, A. Jain, G. Hautier, B. Kang, & G. Ceder. Thermal stabilities of delithiated olivine MPO4 (M=Fe, Mn) cathodes investigated using first principles calculations. Electrochemistry Communications, 2010, 12(3), 427--430.
The document discusses lithium-ion batteries. It begins by defining batteries and describing their basic components. It then distinguishes between primary and secondary batteries. Lithium batteries are described as either using lithium metal or lithium compounds as the anode. Lithium-ion batteries, a type of secondary battery, are described in more detail, including their principle of operation through lithium ion intercalation, their construction with four layers, and their charging/discharging working involving lithium ion insertion into electrode lattices. Advantages include high energy density and improved safety, while applications include cameras, medical devices, and consumer electronics.
Presentation from the New Mexico Regional Energy Storage and Grid Integration Workshop: Storage at the Threshold - Beyond Lithium-ion Batteries, presented by George Crabtree, Director, JCESR, Argonne National Laboratory, August 23-24.
Lithium-ion battery - Challenges for renewable energy solutions - InnoVentum ...Jeff Gallagher
Background on InnoVentum and ADB (Asian Development Bank)
InnoVentum is striving to give Power to the People by making renewable energy affordable and available.
• 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity at all. To start with, InnoVentum is targeting “island economies” like the Philippines, the Maldives and Sri Lanka where most energy today is produced by diesel and gasoline generators.
• InnoVentum is offering a typhoon-resilient solar-wind hybrid solution called the Dali PowerTower and this needs a battery back-up.
• Most human aid organisations today require significant capacity – amounting to 30 kWh per set – and modern Li-
Ion Battery (LIB) technology, but expect lowest possible LCOE (Levelised Cost of Energy) and best possible
sustainability/LCA.
• InnoVentum is using iKnow-Who to organise a collaborative University Competition
The Materials Science of Lithium-Ion Batteries (Sept 2014)Andrew Gelston
The document discusses lithium-ion batteries and their materials. It provides an overview of lithium-ion battery components and chemistry, focusing on the commonly used 18650 battery cell format. Key points covered include the anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials used in lithium-ion batteries and how they enable the transfer of lithium ions and electrons. Degradation issues related to cycling and temperature are also summarized.
This document discusses lithium ion batteries with silicon anodes as an improvement over traditional graphite anodes. Silicon can store 10 times more lithium than graphite, offering higher energy density and capacity. However, silicon's large volume changes during charging cause cracking issues. Researchers are using silicon nanowires which can accommodate these changes without breaking. Silicon nanowire battery electrodes provide good performance with high capacity and long cycle life. Potential applications of lithium ion silicon anode batteries include consumer electronics, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage.
ALL-SOLID STATE BATTERIES: AN OVERVIEW FOR BIO APPLICATIONSGururaj B Rawoor
This technical seminar overviewed all-solid state batteries and their applications for bio uses. It discussed the history of batteries from Galvani's discovery of "animal electricity" to Volta's invention of the first chemical battery. The seminar described the working principles of solid state batteries, which have solid electrodes and electrolytes, as well as their advantages over conventional lithium-ion batteries that use liquid electrolytes. Challenges for future batteries were presented, such as replacing the metallic lithium anode, and applications discussed including portable devices, electric vehicles, and medical implants.
Part 1 of the tutorial on the Lithium Battery Explorer provides an overview of Li-ion battery technology and the properties that are relevant to battery researchers.
Interested viewers should refer to the following publications for more details:
1) Review: G. Ceder, G. Hautier, A. Jain, S. P. Ong. Recharging lithium battery research with first-principles methods. MRS Bulletin, 2011, 36, 185--191.
2) Computational Electrode Assessment: G. Hautier, A. Jain, S. P. Ong, B. Kang, C. Moore, R. Doe, and G. Ceder. Phosphates as Lithium-Ion Battery Cathodes: An Evaluation Based on High-Throughput ab Initio Calculations. Chemistry of Materials, 2011, 23(15), 3495-3508.
3) Predicting Battery Safety: S. P. Ong, A. Jain, G. Hautier, B. Kang, & G. Ceder. Thermal stabilities of delithiated olivine MPO4 (M=Fe, Mn) cathodes investigated using first principles calculations. Electrochemistry Communications, 2010, 12(3), 427--430.
The document discusses lithium-ion batteries. It begins by defining batteries and describing their basic components. It then distinguishes between primary and secondary batteries. Lithium batteries are described as either using lithium metal or lithium compounds as the anode. Lithium-ion batteries, a type of secondary battery, are described in more detail, including their principle of operation through lithium ion intercalation, their construction with four layers, and their charging/discharging working involving lithium ion insertion into electrode lattices. Advantages include high energy density and improved safety, while applications include cameras, medical devices, and consumer electronics.
IBM started the Battery 500 Project in 2009 to develop a lithium-air battery that could power an electric car for 500 miles. Lithium-air batteries have a much higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries, theoretically allowing an electric car to travel much farther on a single charge. However, earlier versions of lithium-air batteries were unstable and their lifetime was reduced after frequent recharging. IBM researchers have now developed an alternative electrolyte material that could stabilize the chemical reactions and allow for a working lithium-air battery prototype by 2013 and commercial batteries by 2020.
High energy and capacity cathode material for li ion battriesNatraj Hulsure
Recent development in cathode materials for li-ion batteries drag the industries view towards it due to their high discharge rate compare to older ones.
Lattice Energy LLC - IBM and JCESR Tap the Brakes on Lithium-air Battery Rese...Lewis Larsen
Two major research organizations, IBM and JCESR, have reduced or stopped their research into lithium-air batteries. IBM's director of battery research has changed his view on lithium-air batteries and now favors researching sodium-air batteries instead due to challenges with lithium-air batteries meeting cost targets for electric vehicles. Around the same time, JCESR dropped its lithium-air battery project entirely due to challenges that were too difficult to resolve. While lithium-air research continues at some organizations, two major players have stepped back from the technology.
Ahmad A Pesaran of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory presented to CALSTART member companies on battery technologies for plug-in electric, hybrid electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in April 2011.
James Rohan - Electric vehicle battery systemsKeith Nolan
This document discusses materials used in lithium ion batteries. It describes how lithium is a good material for batteries due to its light weight and ability to provide large voltage gains. It also discusses various cathode and anode materials used in lithium ion batteries like lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and carbon. The document outlines challenges for lithium ion batteries like improving energy density, power output, cycle life, safety and cost and suggests that addressing these challenges will require new materials and structuring.
Rechargeable Sodium-ion Battery - The Future of Battery DevelopmentDESH D YADAV
This document provides an overview of rechargeable sodium-ion batteries and their potential as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Sodium-ion batteries offer lower costs due to sodium's nearly unlimited supply compared to lithium. However, their commercial development has been hampered by electrode materials that swell significantly during charging and discharging. Researchers have now developed a composite material made of molybdenum disulfide and graphene nanosheets that shows potential as a sodium-ion battery anode by resisting the swelling reaction. This flexible paper electrode is also the first demonstrated to work at room temperature in a sodium-ion battery anode.
A pragmatic perspective on lithium ion batteriesBing Hsieh
The document provides an overview of lithium-ion battery technologies and opportunities for Taiwan. It discusses that global lithium battery anode materials are highly concentrated in China and Japan, which make up over 95% of the market. It also mentions several US startups working on improved battery materials and technologies. The document examines key areas for improvement in batteries like high voltage cathodes and high capacity anodes. It provides details on various anode and cathode materials being researched. Dendrite suppression methods and the use of coatings, additives, and solid polymer electrolytes are discussed. The opportunities for Taiwan to invest more in energy storage R&D to become a key player are presented.
Electrochemistry of Lithium ion BatterySaiful Islam
This document discusses various materials used in lithium ion batteries. It describes the typical graphite anode and LiCoO2 cathode currently used. It then examines potential anode materials including insertion-type compounds like titanium oxides and lithium titanate, alloy/de-alloy materials like tin and tin oxides, and conversion materials such as iron oxides. Issues with capacity, cycling stability and conductivity are addressed. Different nanostructures for improving performance are also reviewed, along with potential cathode materials.
Batteries are going to be the building block of the smart future currently being envisaged. From a strategic market perspective, a compilation of current and future Li-ion technologies. It is important to understand who are current market leaders in each crucial components of the Li-ion technology and how disruptive technologies will shift the power balance.
Polymer/Ionic Liquid Electrolytes and Their Potential in Lithium BatteriesFuentek, LLC
Polymer/Ionic Liquid Electrolytes and Their Potential in Lithium Batteries presented by Allyson Palker and Dean Tigelaar of NASA's Glenn Research Center at an energy workshop on 7/20/2010.
From battery-to-precursor - Recycling of Lithium-Ion BatteriesChristian Hanisch
The use of lithium-ion batteries has grown since the market entry of portable power tools and consumer electronic devices. Soon, the need for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) will rise, when they are used in hybrid and full electric vehicles as well as in energy storage systems to enable the use of renewable energies. To prevent a future shortage of cobalt, nickel and lithium and to enable a sustainable life cycle of these technologies, new recycling processes for LIBs are needed. These new processes have to regain not only cobalt, nickel, copper and aluminum from spent battery cells, but also a significant share of lithium. Therefore, this presentation approaches unit operations and their combination to set up for efficient LIB recycling processes, especially considering the task to recover high rates of valuable materials with regard to involved safety issues. Further discussed unit operations are:
• Deactivation / Discharging of the battery
• Disassembly of battery systems (specifically for EV-Battery Systems)
• Mechanical Processes (inert crushing, sorting, sieving and thermo-mechanical separation)
• Hydro-metallurgical processes
• Pyro-metallurgical processes
This document discusses the history and types of batteries. It begins with defining batteries and describing their invention by Volta in 1800. It then discusses the increasing demand for batteries to power electronics and electric vehicles. The document outlines several recent advances in batteries, including sodium-ion and solid-state designs that improve safety. It concludes that continued research in nanoscience and new materials could enable breakthroughs in sustainable battery technologies.
The document discusses different types of batteries used in consumer electronics. It begins by noting the rising demand for battery materials. It then provides an overview of primary and secondary batteries, their basic components and chemical reactions, as well as common chemistries like carbon-zinc, alkaline, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion. The document concludes by discussing future battery research areas like nanotechnology and possibilities like micro batteries and paper batteries.
Liquid Electrolyte for Lithium BatteriesSaiful Islam
The document discusses liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. It describes the key requirements for liquid electrolytes including high ionic conductivity, chemical and electrochemical stability, ability to operate over a wide temperature range, safety, and low cost. The typical components of liquid electrolytes are organic solvents like ethylene carbonate and lithium salts like LiPF6. Additives are also discussed that can enhance properties like improving the solid electrolyte interphase layer formation and increasing ionic conductivity. The development of commonly used organic solvents and lithium salts over time is also summarized.
The document discusses how batteries work and the key elements involved. It explains that a battery uses a chemical reaction between its electrodes and electrolyte to produce electrons that flow through an external circuit. The main elements are lithium, sulfur, and zinc. Lithium is used in the anode, sulfur is used in the electrolyte, and zinc can be used in the container. The document also mentions that Toyota is working on developing new magnesium-sulfur batteries for electric cars that could hold twice as much power as lithium-ion batteries.
Status of Rechargeable Li-ion Battery Industry 2019 by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
E-mobility continues strongly driving the Li-ion battery demand.
More information on https://www.i-micronews.com/products/status-of-rechargeable-li-ion-battery-industry-2019/
This document discusses materials used in batteries. It begins by introducing primary batteries such as zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries. It describes their characteristics and applications. Secondary batteries like lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries are then discussed, outlining their chemistries, characteristics, and uses. The document also provides a case study on the processing of lithium-ion batteries, describing steps such as mixing materials, coating electrodes, compression, drying, assembly, electrolyte filling, formation, grading, and packaging. Key materials used in batteries like various cathode and anode materials are also summarized.
Brief Introduction of Lithium-ion Battery_ChristinaDuJUAN DU
The document discusses different lithium-ion cell chemistries and their applications. It covers chemistries such as LiCoO2/graphite used in consumer electronics, LiMn2O4/graphite and LiFePO4/graphite used in HEVs/PHEVs/EVs due to their high safety and low cost, and NMC/graphite and NCA/graphite used in power tools and BEVs due to their high energy. The document also discusses lithium-ion cell types and potential issues from overcharging, overdischarging, and fast charging.
This document discusses lithium-ion batteries, specifically the NCR18650A battery. It provides details on the features and benefits of lithium-ion batteries, including high energy density, high voltage, and flat discharge voltage without memory effect. Cylindrical and prismatic battery designs are compared, noting pros and cons of each. Practical examples compare the size, weight, cost and suitability of lithium-ion and other battery types. The basic components and functioning of lithium-ion batteries are outlined, along with thermal management techniques.
Edinburgh | May-16 | OXIS Energy Ltd : Li-S Batteries for Energy Storage Appl...Smart Villages
OXIS Energy Ltd is expanding rapidly with investments in lithium-sulfur battery research and development. They have developed pouch cells ranging from 2-39 Ah for applications such as electric vehicles, energy storage, and unmanned aerial vehicles. OXIS aims to achieve battery gravimetric energy densities of over 400 Wh/kg and 500 Wh/kg by 2020 through materials research focusing on sulfur composites, electrolytes, anode coatings, and cell components. They have demonstrated a 3 kWh rack-mounted battery system using 10 Ah pouch cells and are working on larger stationary storage batteries up to 1 MWh.
2012 Capital Markets Days Seoul - Rechargeable Battery MaterialsUmicore
This document discusses developments in rechargeable battery materials and technologies. It provides an overview of lithium-ion battery components and chemistries used in electronics, automotive, and stationary applications. Umicore is a global supplier of cathode materials for rechargeable batteries across various applications and holds intellectual property related to lithium cobalt oxide, nickel manganese cobalt oxide, and lithium iron phosphate cathode materials. The document outlines Umicore's strategy to expand production capacity and develop new generations of nickel manganese cobalt oxide materials to reduce costs for electric vehicles.
IBM started the Battery 500 Project in 2009 to develop a lithium-air battery that could power an electric car for 500 miles. Lithium-air batteries have a much higher energy density than lithium-ion batteries, theoretically allowing an electric car to travel much farther on a single charge. However, earlier versions of lithium-air batteries were unstable and their lifetime was reduced after frequent recharging. IBM researchers have now developed an alternative electrolyte material that could stabilize the chemical reactions and allow for a working lithium-air battery prototype by 2013 and commercial batteries by 2020.
High energy and capacity cathode material for li ion battriesNatraj Hulsure
Recent development in cathode materials for li-ion batteries drag the industries view towards it due to their high discharge rate compare to older ones.
Lattice Energy LLC - IBM and JCESR Tap the Brakes on Lithium-air Battery Rese...Lewis Larsen
Two major research organizations, IBM and JCESR, have reduced or stopped their research into lithium-air batteries. IBM's director of battery research has changed his view on lithium-air batteries and now favors researching sodium-air batteries instead due to challenges with lithium-air batteries meeting cost targets for electric vehicles. Around the same time, JCESR dropped its lithium-air battery project entirely due to challenges that were too difficult to resolve. While lithium-air research continues at some organizations, two major players have stepped back from the technology.
Ahmad A Pesaran of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory presented to CALSTART member companies on battery technologies for plug-in electric, hybrid electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in April 2011.
James Rohan - Electric vehicle battery systemsKeith Nolan
This document discusses materials used in lithium ion batteries. It describes how lithium is a good material for batteries due to its light weight and ability to provide large voltage gains. It also discusses various cathode and anode materials used in lithium ion batteries like lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, and carbon. The document outlines challenges for lithium ion batteries like improving energy density, power output, cycle life, safety and cost and suggests that addressing these challenges will require new materials and structuring.
Rechargeable Sodium-ion Battery - The Future of Battery DevelopmentDESH D YADAV
This document provides an overview of rechargeable sodium-ion batteries and their potential as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Sodium-ion batteries offer lower costs due to sodium's nearly unlimited supply compared to lithium. However, their commercial development has been hampered by electrode materials that swell significantly during charging and discharging. Researchers have now developed a composite material made of molybdenum disulfide and graphene nanosheets that shows potential as a sodium-ion battery anode by resisting the swelling reaction. This flexible paper electrode is also the first demonstrated to work at room temperature in a sodium-ion battery anode.
A pragmatic perspective on lithium ion batteriesBing Hsieh
The document provides an overview of lithium-ion battery technologies and opportunities for Taiwan. It discusses that global lithium battery anode materials are highly concentrated in China and Japan, which make up over 95% of the market. It also mentions several US startups working on improved battery materials and technologies. The document examines key areas for improvement in batteries like high voltage cathodes and high capacity anodes. It provides details on various anode and cathode materials being researched. Dendrite suppression methods and the use of coatings, additives, and solid polymer electrolytes are discussed. The opportunities for Taiwan to invest more in energy storage R&D to become a key player are presented.
Electrochemistry of Lithium ion BatterySaiful Islam
This document discusses various materials used in lithium ion batteries. It describes the typical graphite anode and LiCoO2 cathode currently used. It then examines potential anode materials including insertion-type compounds like titanium oxides and lithium titanate, alloy/de-alloy materials like tin and tin oxides, and conversion materials such as iron oxides. Issues with capacity, cycling stability and conductivity are addressed. Different nanostructures for improving performance are also reviewed, along with potential cathode materials.
Batteries are going to be the building block of the smart future currently being envisaged. From a strategic market perspective, a compilation of current and future Li-ion technologies. It is important to understand who are current market leaders in each crucial components of the Li-ion technology and how disruptive technologies will shift the power balance.
Polymer/Ionic Liquid Electrolytes and Their Potential in Lithium BatteriesFuentek, LLC
Polymer/Ionic Liquid Electrolytes and Their Potential in Lithium Batteries presented by Allyson Palker and Dean Tigelaar of NASA's Glenn Research Center at an energy workshop on 7/20/2010.
From battery-to-precursor - Recycling of Lithium-Ion BatteriesChristian Hanisch
The use of lithium-ion batteries has grown since the market entry of portable power tools and consumer electronic devices. Soon, the need for lithium-ion batteries (LIB) will rise, when they are used in hybrid and full electric vehicles as well as in energy storage systems to enable the use of renewable energies. To prevent a future shortage of cobalt, nickel and lithium and to enable a sustainable life cycle of these technologies, new recycling processes for LIBs are needed. These new processes have to regain not only cobalt, nickel, copper and aluminum from spent battery cells, but also a significant share of lithium. Therefore, this presentation approaches unit operations and their combination to set up for efficient LIB recycling processes, especially considering the task to recover high rates of valuable materials with regard to involved safety issues. Further discussed unit operations are:
• Deactivation / Discharging of the battery
• Disassembly of battery systems (specifically for EV-Battery Systems)
• Mechanical Processes (inert crushing, sorting, sieving and thermo-mechanical separation)
• Hydro-metallurgical processes
• Pyro-metallurgical processes
This document discusses the history and types of batteries. It begins with defining batteries and describing their invention by Volta in 1800. It then discusses the increasing demand for batteries to power electronics and electric vehicles. The document outlines several recent advances in batteries, including sodium-ion and solid-state designs that improve safety. It concludes that continued research in nanoscience and new materials could enable breakthroughs in sustainable battery technologies.
The document discusses different types of batteries used in consumer electronics. It begins by noting the rising demand for battery materials. It then provides an overview of primary and secondary batteries, their basic components and chemical reactions, as well as common chemistries like carbon-zinc, alkaline, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion. The document concludes by discussing future battery research areas like nanotechnology and possibilities like micro batteries and paper batteries.
Liquid Electrolyte for Lithium BatteriesSaiful Islam
The document discusses liquid electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. It describes the key requirements for liquid electrolytes including high ionic conductivity, chemical and electrochemical stability, ability to operate over a wide temperature range, safety, and low cost. The typical components of liquid electrolytes are organic solvents like ethylene carbonate and lithium salts like LiPF6. Additives are also discussed that can enhance properties like improving the solid electrolyte interphase layer formation and increasing ionic conductivity. The development of commonly used organic solvents and lithium salts over time is also summarized.
The document discusses how batteries work and the key elements involved. It explains that a battery uses a chemical reaction between its electrodes and electrolyte to produce electrons that flow through an external circuit. The main elements are lithium, sulfur, and zinc. Lithium is used in the anode, sulfur is used in the electrolyte, and zinc can be used in the container. The document also mentions that Toyota is working on developing new magnesium-sulfur batteries for electric cars that could hold twice as much power as lithium-ion batteries.
Status of Rechargeable Li-ion Battery Industry 2019 by Yole DéveloppementYole Developpement
E-mobility continues strongly driving the Li-ion battery demand.
More information on https://www.i-micronews.com/products/status-of-rechargeable-li-ion-battery-industry-2019/
This document discusses materials used in batteries. It begins by introducing primary batteries such as zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries. It describes their characteristics and applications. Secondary batteries like lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride, and lithium-ion batteries are then discussed, outlining their chemistries, characteristics, and uses. The document also provides a case study on the processing of lithium-ion batteries, describing steps such as mixing materials, coating electrodes, compression, drying, assembly, electrolyte filling, formation, grading, and packaging. Key materials used in batteries like various cathode and anode materials are also summarized.
Brief Introduction of Lithium-ion Battery_ChristinaDuJUAN DU
The document discusses different lithium-ion cell chemistries and their applications. It covers chemistries such as LiCoO2/graphite used in consumer electronics, LiMn2O4/graphite and LiFePO4/graphite used in HEVs/PHEVs/EVs due to their high safety and low cost, and NMC/graphite and NCA/graphite used in power tools and BEVs due to their high energy. The document also discusses lithium-ion cell types and potential issues from overcharging, overdischarging, and fast charging.
This document discusses lithium-ion batteries, specifically the NCR18650A battery. It provides details on the features and benefits of lithium-ion batteries, including high energy density, high voltage, and flat discharge voltage without memory effect. Cylindrical and prismatic battery designs are compared, noting pros and cons of each. Practical examples compare the size, weight, cost and suitability of lithium-ion and other battery types. The basic components and functioning of lithium-ion batteries are outlined, along with thermal management techniques.
Edinburgh | May-16 | OXIS Energy Ltd : Li-S Batteries for Energy Storage Appl...Smart Villages
OXIS Energy Ltd is expanding rapidly with investments in lithium-sulfur battery research and development. They have developed pouch cells ranging from 2-39 Ah for applications such as electric vehicles, energy storage, and unmanned aerial vehicles. OXIS aims to achieve battery gravimetric energy densities of over 400 Wh/kg and 500 Wh/kg by 2020 through materials research focusing on sulfur composites, electrolytes, anode coatings, and cell components. They have demonstrated a 3 kWh rack-mounted battery system using 10 Ah pouch cells and are working on larger stationary storage batteries up to 1 MWh.
2012 Capital Markets Days Seoul - Rechargeable Battery MaterialsUmicore
This document discusses developments in rechargeable battery materials and technologies. It provides an overview of lithium-ion battery components and chemistries used in electronics, automotive, and stationary applications. Umicore is a global supplier of cathode materials for rechargeable batteries across various applications and holds intellectual property related to lithium cobalt oxide, nickel manganese cobalt oxide, and lithium iron phosphate cathode materials. The document outlines Umicore's strategy to expand production capacity and develop new generations of nickel manganese cobalt oxide materials to reduce costs for electric vehicles.
El-Mul Technologies is an Israeli company that has been developing carbon nanotube technology since 2001. They have created carbon nanotube electron emitters and are evaluating them with beta customers. More recently in 2009, they started developing novel electrode materials using carbon nanotubes for energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors. Their carbon nanotube electron emitters use a single multi-walled carbon nanotube inside a microcavity that can be gated at low voltages to emit electrons efficiently. They are also working on scalable carbon nanotube arrays for applications like electron guns and x-ray sources. For electrodes, carbon nanotubes improve current collection due to their large surface area and stability in energy devices.
Battery innovation: Incremental or Disruptive?Andrew Gelston
The document discusses battery innovation and whether it is incremental or disruptive. It notes that lithium-ion battery costs have declined significantly from $1000/kWh in 2010 to $400-1500/kWh currently due to improvements in materials, cell design, and manufacturing. Silicon anodes are a promising disruptive technology that could increase energy density by 10-35% but are only being commercialized in small formats currently. Both incremental changes to materials like varying cathode chemistries and disruptive changes like new anode materials will continue to drive innovation across the entire battery value chain.
Three key messages from the document:
1. A technology roadmap shows the US can gain on global competition in energy storage, but a gap exists between what industry will commercialize now and what is needed.
2. Game-changing energy storage technologies are being developed in the US, like lithium-air batteries that could provide 5-10 times more storage capacity than current technologies.
3. Collaboration between US national laboratories and industry could help solve barriers to developing and commercializing new energy storage technologies to strengthen US competitiveness.
This document summarizes a presentation on innovations in clean mobility materials. It discusses key developments in battery materials and fuel cells that can increase the driving range of electric vehicles. Regarding batteries, it outlines strategies to optimize cathode materials, shift to silicon-based anodes, and enable high nickel cathode compositions in large pouch cells. It also discusses the potential of solid state batteries. For fuel cells, it notes their advantages over electric vehicles and key challenges of reducing costs and building out hydrogen infrastructure.
Printed supercapacitors based on graphene and other carbon materials show promise for energy storage applications. Supercapacitors provide higher power density than batteries and longer lifespan than electrolytic capacitors. Graphene is a promising material for supercapacitors due to its large surface area, high conductivity, short ion diffusion path, and ability to be manufactured at scale. Methods for producing graphene-based supercapacitors include direct laser writing, lithography, and direct printing of graphene inks. These graphene microsupercapacitors show energy densities comparable to lithium-ion batteries with orders of magnitude higher power density. Further cost reductions could enable broader adoption of printed supercapacitors for portable devices, electric vehicles, and stationary energy storage.
Rechargeable Li-ion batteries based on Olivine-structured (LiFePO4) catho...Arun Kumar
The document provides an overview of rechargeable Li-ion batteries based on olivine-structured LiFePO4 cathode materials. It discusses the basics of batteries, emergence of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, current status of cathode materials, and motivation for using LiFePO4. The experimental details cover synthesis of LiFePO4 nanoparticles via solid state route and various characterization techniques. Results from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirm the phase-pure orthorhombic structure of LiFePO4. Electrochemical characterization shows the improved conductivity and electrochemical performance of carbon-coated LiFePO4 nanoparticles.
This document provides an overview of supercapacitors and metal-oxide materials used in them. It discusses their construction using two metal foils coated with an electrode material like activated carbon separated by a membrane. Supercapacitors store charge electrochemically via electric double layers at the electrode interfaces, allowing for higher energy storage than conventional capacitors. Metal oxides like ruthenium oxide, manganese dioxide and nickel oxide are described as alternative electrode materials that undergo fast redox reactions for higher pseudocapacitance. Applications include backup power systems, and advantages are high power density, long lifespan and eco-friendliness while disadvantages include high self-discharge and cost.
- CEA/LITEN is a research organization that works on developing new energy technologies including batteries, fuel cells, solar energy, biomass/hydrogen.
- They are looking at critical material substitutes for energy storage, conversion and transport applications to address cost and supply issues. This includes alternatives to cobalt in batteries and platinum in fuel cells.
- For solar energy, they are researching silicon nanowire and thin film technologies like CIGS as lower cost alternatives to bulk silicon, with potential efficiencies over 15%.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on silicon nanowire batteries. It begins by distinguishing primary and secondary batteries. It then discusses common battery types like lithium-ion and highlights advantages like higher energy density but also disadvantages like being more expensive. The document introduces silicon nanowires as a potential anode material with 10 times the energy density of graphite. It describes experiments showing silicon nanowires can accommodate volume changes during charging without degradation. While silicon nanowire batteries offer promising performance benefits, challenges around mass production and lifetime must still be addressed before they can widely replace conventional batteries.
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Ionblox has developed high-performance lithium-ion battery cells using a proprietary pre-lithiated silicon-based anode that can deliver up to 400 Wh/kg. Their cells have been validated by US National Labs and Lilium, a leading eVTOL company. Ionblox has received $32M in funding to commercialize their technology. Their silicon anode solves issues like swelling through pre-lithiation and can provide fast charging, high energy, power and long cycle life simultaneously. Ionblox's cells are the only ones that can meet the demanding requirements for electric aerial vehicles and vehicles in general.
The document discusses potential battery technologies, including lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes that could deliver high capacity over 300 mAh/g when paired with silicon or sulfur anodes. It also examines coating technologies that could stabilize high-voltage cathode materials and protect silicon anodes from polysulfide dissolution to improve battery life. The author suggests lithium-rich NCA cathode paired with a polysulfide-repellent coated silicon anode could provide a long-life, high-energy battery if technical challenges around volume change and dissolution are addressed.
This document describes a new battery technology called Charge2Change (C2C) that aims to replace lead-acid batteries in electric forklifts. C2C batteries can charge much faster than lead-acid batteries (in 15 minutes versus 8 hours), last over 4 times longer, and reduce the total cost of ownership for forklift batteries by 50%. The document outlines C2C's business plan, which includes developing prototypes, conducting pilot tests with Toyota, and outsourcing production to eventually commercialize the new battery technology for electric forklifts and other applications.
The document discusses improving battery performance through combining technologies. It outlines the need for energy storage and harvesting in various applications. The most important metrics for energy storage are discussed as cost, safety, power/efficiency and energy. Challenges for batteries include low charge/discharge rates, safety concerns, short lifetimes and temperature intolerance. The document proposes combining batteries with ultracapacitors or developing hybrid systems to provide both high energy and power. Yunasko's approach of developing lithium-ion capacitors provides high power, energy, safety and temperature performance. Test results confirmed the effectiveness of their parallel hybrid solution.
Here's an abstract for the presentation titled "Integration of Mxene Supercapacitor and Li-ion Battery"
---
**Abstract**
The integration of Mxene supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries represents a promising advancement in energy storage technology, combining the high power density of supercapacitors with the high energy density of Li-ion batteries. This presentation explores the working principles, challenges, and potential solutions for enhancing the performance of these hybrid systems.
Mxenes, a class of two-dimensional materials comprising transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, exhibit unique properties such as high electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and tunable surface chemistry, making them suitable for supercapacitor applications. However, issues such as aggregation, hydrophilicity, and synthesis challenges must be addressed to fully leverage their potential.
The presentation delves into various approaches to overcome the energy density limitations of traditional supercapacitors, including the use of asymmetric supercapacitors, graphene hybrids, and nanostructured materials. It also highlights the synthesis processes for Mxenes, comparing methods like hydrofluoric acid etching, fluoride salt etching, molten salt etching, ionic liquid etching, and electrochemical etching, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages.
A detailed comparison of Mxene supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries, and hybrid systems is provided, focusing on parameters such as capacitance, energy density, power density, cycle life, conductivity, and structural stability. The integration challenges, including electrolyte compatibility, electrode balancing, and safety concerns, are discussed, emphasizing the need for efficient and scalable synthesis techniques and a deeper understanding of charge storage mechanisms.
Finally, the future potential of Mxene-carbon hybrids for supercapacitors is explored, outlining prospective directions for research and development in this field. The findings presented underscore the significant role of Mxene-based hybrid systems in advancing energy storage solutions for applications requiring high power and energy density, such as portable electronics and electric vehicles.
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Lithium Ion Batteries: Going the Distance (Feb 2011)
1.
2. Lithium Ion Batteries :
Going the Distance
Axeon Technologies Ltd, Dr Allan Paterson 17th Feb 2011
3. Plan
Introduction to Axeon
Products - Automotive
Lithium Ion Cell Chemistry
Currently Available Technology
3
Future Developments?
Role of Nano-technology
R&D Projects / Collaborations
Case Study
5. About Axeon
Axeon designs and manufactures advanced
lithium-ion battery systems for a variety of end
market applications:
Automotive (electric and hybrid vehicles)
Energy storage
Cordless power tools
Axeon Confidential 5
Mobile products
Europe’s largest privately-owned independent
lithium-ion battery systems supplier,
processing over 70 million cells a year
6. Axeon Locations
150 professional and 300 production staff
Axeon Confidential 6
Current locations:
UK, Dundee – HQ, Engineering, automotive production
UK, Birmingham – Sales and engineering office
Poland – volume production, planned automotive production
Germany – European business development, strategic purchasing
Switzerland – Small pack engineering
Italy – Sales office
US, Detroit – Sales Office
Asia - strategic purchasing
7. Axeon’s automotive experience
Electric urban delivery
vehicle: producing in
volume for British
manufacturer
Over a million vehicle
miles driven since 2007 =
Axeon is developing
smaller lighter batteries
using innovative battery
technology
Designing and developing
PHEV packs for JLR
Axeon Confidential 7
20MW of batteries shipped
Volume production; conversion
of Peugeot vehicles for the
leading British vehicle
converter. Range includes cars,
people carriers and vans
HEV sports car: developing
leading-edge technology for
premium European
manufacturer
8. Product Areas
Energy Storage
Micro-generation (~10-15KWh)
Community energy storage (25-100KWh)
Utility level (MW)
Niche solutions (e.g. hybrid ferries)
Power Tool
Axeon Confidential 8
High volume, low cost manufacture
A-rated supplier to Bosch
Mobile Power
Solutions for applications that require advanced
electronics
Bespoke solutions
9. Complete solution
Axeon Confidential 9
Cell sub
component
production
and test
Cell
Electroactive
“Ingredients”
e.g. Coatings
Cell Raw
Materials/process
e.g. Lithium
Carbonate
Cell
Assembly
and test
Battery
Assembly
and test
Battery pre
conditioning
Battery Supply Value Chain
Axeon Value Proposition
Responsible
Support
Inform
10. Partnership Strategy
Technology
Academic research
Cell suppliers (see next
Axeon Confidential 10
slide)
Governments
Participation with
relevant industry
bodies
11. Our cell partnerships are key
Axeon, which is cell-agnostic, has
relationships with all major suppliers of high
capacity Lithium cells
Local staff & agents assigned to cell audit
All suppliers subject to on-site quality audits
All cells subject to in-house qualification
Axeon Confidential 11
Verification of supplier specifications
Environmental testing
Cycle testing
Abuse testing
13. “Rocking chair” Lithium Ion Battery
Negative Electrode Electrolyte Positive Electrode
Axeon Confidential 13
Graphite Li+ ions
& Separator
LiCoO2
Issues : Expensive, Toxicity, Cycle life, Power
Research concentrated on replacing LiCoO2
LiMn2O4
LiFePO4 [LFP] / LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 [NCM] / Other?
14. Cell Chemistry - The Challenges
Future Development Requires…..
Reduce cost – materials (raw and synthesis)
Improve safety – short circuits, thermal runaway.
Cycle life – 1000s for EV, cycle life 10,000s for HEVs
Calendar life - 10 years (transport)
Axeon Confidential 14
Power Density – HEV, PHEV
Energy Density – PHEV, EV, load leveling
Materials Chemistry Challenges
16. Example - Lithium Iron Phosphate
LiFePO4 remains attractive for Automotive
Electrochemical Performance
Cycle Life / Power capability
Enabled by new Nano-materials
Nano-particulate agglomerates – Fast diffusion
Doped / Carbon coated to make better conductor
Axeon Confidential 16
Safety
No oxygen release
Avoid thermal runaway
Issues
Cost / cycle life for Ultrahigh Power application
17. Cell Chemistry - Future Developments
Materials Chemistry Challenge New Advanced Battery Materials
High Power Density HEV – Future? “Nano-Materials”
High surface area – Internal = Meso-porous materials
External = Nano-tubes/wires
Nano-rods/
wires
TiO (B) C-Coated
Mesoporous LiMn2O4
Next generation nano-phosphates – Li-[Transition Metal]-Phosphates {Mn/Co/V}
Axeon Confidential 17
Hurdles– cost, energy density
Advanced Surface coatings SiO2 , RuO2, etc
20nm
2LiMnPO4
18. Alternative Battery Chemistries
High Energy Density EV – Future ?
Lithium Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes
E.g. Layered xLi2MnO3• (1-x)LiMO2
An electrochemically inactive (Li2M'O3) component is integrated with an
electrochemically active (LiMO2)component to provide improved structural and
electrochemical stability.
High energy density, High cell voltage, Long cycle life.
Alloys of Li with Silicon (Si) or Tin (Sn)
Nexilion, Sony Corporation (C/Sn/Co))
Amorphous Alloy - Very high energy density / capacity
However very large volume expansions that need to be accommodated
Limited size/capacity cells produced commercially so far
Axeon Confidential 18
New Improved Electrolyte - Higher operating voltages
The use of high V cathodes limited by the solvent oxidation 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+.
Requires new electrolytes Ionic liquids show most promise.
Poor conductivity limits rate capability.
19. Lithium-Air Batteries – High Energy Density?
Potentially 10 x Energy Density compared to current Li-ion tech
Use of porous cathode, small % catalyst allows rechargeability
Hurdles – cycle life, rate capability.
“Battery 500” project : IBM, UC Berkeley and five US National Labs
Electric vehicle battery that gives up to 500 miles per charge
IBM believes its nano-scale semiconductor fabrication techniques can
Axeon Confidential 19
increase the surface area of
the lithium-air battery's
electrodes by 100 times.
achieve range goal
2 year feasibility study
20. Lithium-Air Schematic
Dispense with intercalation cathode use O2 from air!
Li2O2
Dis-charge
20
Li anode Electrolyte Composite porous cathode
O2
charge
Li+
21. Lithium-Air Schematic
Dispense with intercalation cathode use O2 from air!
Li2O2
Charge
21
Li+
O2
Li anode Electrolyte Composite porous cathode
22. Li-Air – The Challenges...
Many Issues Remain :
Cyclability
Oxygen Selective Membrane , Suitable Electrolyte,
Recharge Potential / Hysteresis
Rate Capability
Axeon Confidential 22
Electrolyte stability
How long to commercialisation....10years?
23. Cell Chemistry – Commercial Availability?
Conversion rxn, e.g Li/Fe3F3
Secondary Zn-Air
(M=Co,V etc)
Li / Sulphur
LiFe-Sulphides/Silicates
Aerogel Li Vanadates
Li - Nano-silicon / Tin Alloy + high V TMO
Li4Ti5O12 Anode + Mn based Nano-titanate anode + Adv 5V Mn based
LiMnPO4 and LiFexMnyPO4 Na/Li3[M](PO4)2F3
Secondary Li-Air
Ionic liquid
Electrolyte
Relative Capability
2015-
2020+?
23
Q4
2013
LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 LiwMnxNiyCozO2
LiMn1/2Ni1/2O2
LiMn2O4
Q1
2011
Q1
2012
Q2
2012
Q3
2012
Q4
2012
Q1
2013
Q2
2013
Q3
2013
Q2
2011
Q3
2011
Q4
2011
LiFePO4
LiCoO2
LiFePO4(Doped or Coated with RuO2/TiO2. etc)
LiNixCoyAlZO2
Li2MnO3•LiMn1/2Ni1/2O2 Doped Co,Al,Ti etc
Mn Based Nano+Mesoporous
Li2MnO3•LiMn1/2Ni1/2O2
Axeon 2010 Confidential
24. Possible current/future cell options
Short Term Medium Term Long Term
City / EV LFP / LiMn2O4
Pouch
NCM / TMO
Pouch/Can Silicon/Tin-alloy
Rechargeable
metal air
systems
Urban Delivery
EV
LFP/NCM NCM / TMO
Pouch/Can
PHEV LFP/NCM
Pouch
NCM / TMO
Pouch/Can
24
Performance
HEV
Small Format
LFP
Small Format
LFP
Advanced Nano-
Material
electrodes
Axeon 2010 Confidential
26. Relative theoretical energy densities
Dynamite = 1375 Wh/kg
Wood = 4000 Wh/kg
Petrol = 12000 Wh/kg – highly energy inefficient
Axeon Confidential 26
27. Example Axeon Development Projects
OR
Future Project (C)
Axeon Confidential 27
TSB Project (A)
TSB Project (B)
Cells (D)
Development roadmap programmes Consortia Status
TSB (A) - Pouch cell NCM/BMS Axeon, Allied Ricardo Awarded
TSB (B) - TMO/Si Alloy Axeon, St Andrews University, Nexeon, Ricardo Awarded
Future project (C) - Li-Sulphur battery Oxis Energy, Axeon others TBD Planned
Cells (D) Testing sample cells now Envia Systems Ongoing
28. Technology Strategy Board RD Project (A)
“Advanced High Energy Density Battery and Next Generation BMS”
+ +
+
Next Generation, Increased
Functionality, Smaller, Lighter,
Cheaper, BMS
For a 30kWh EV battery, cells alone :
NCM
Chemistry
Pouch Cells
Small City Car +
Weight reduced by ~28%compared to LiFePO4
Volume reduced by ~ 47%
Axeon Confidential 28
cells alone
Weight / Volume reduction
NCM pouch cells, up to 340Wh/l and 170Wh/kg. Combined with a smaller/lighter Ricardo BMS should
prove to be a highly efficient technical solution.
Increased performance
High efficiency, via adaptive BMS capable of dynamic active and passive balancing.
29. Project Plan
Work Package Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Bench Top
Software
“A” Design
“A” Vehicle
“A” Build / Test
NOW
Axeon Confidential 29
“B” Design
“B” Vehicle
“B” Build / Test
“B” Vehicle Test
“A” Certification
30. TSB (B): Li-M-Si-O / Si Alloy battery for PHEV
The University of St Andrews
Si based alloy based next generation of negative electrodes
High volumetric and specific energy
Problem – particle fracture due to large volume expansion
Fix – Accommodate stress strain of volume expansion via nanostructure
Coupled with Li-TM-Silicate positive electrode
Axeon Confidential 30
Overall = High energy density 250 to 300 Wh/kg, low cost.
PHEV Battery Pack construction
Cell Chemistry characterisation
BMS calibration
Pack Engineering and Construction
Further Battery Management System Development
Smaller, Lighter, Cheaper BMS
31. Project Plan
Q2
10
Q3 10 Q41 10 Q1 11 Q2 11 Q3 11 Q4 11 Q1 12 Q2 12 Q2 12
Cathode
Development
Anode
Development
Scale Up
Cell Fabrication
Axeon Confidential 31
BMS
Development
Initial BMS
Testing
Pack
Engineering
Chemistry
Characterisation
Testing /
Validation Where We Are Now.
= = = =
32. St Andrews - Technology
Positive electrodes based on Fe highly attractive (cost and safety).
LiFePO4 operates at 3.4V vs. lithium now used in commercial cells.
Electrochemical activity in Li2FeSiO4 reported. (3V vs Li)
Cheaper raw raw materials.
Difficult to prepare single phase, and structural change on cycling
Poor e- conductivity (analogous to phosphates) and room temp performance
Mn highly attractive: higher potential than Fe-Silicate (~ 4V)
possibility of removing more than 1 Li (Mn4+ more stable than Fe4+) = High Capacity = High Energy
Axeon Confidential 32
Remains Inexpensive and safe
Structures related to LISICON
(LIthium SuperIonic CONductor)
materials with all cations tetrahedrally
coordinated by oxygen.
33. St Andrews - Technology
Alternative synthetic routes give single phase: (e.g. hydrothermal)
Best reported electrochemistry (50oC and low rate)
All require small particles and carbon coating to achieve satisfactory electrochemical performance
This structure type adopted by numerous other transition metals including Mn, Co
Mn highly attractive: higher potential than Li2FeSiO4 (~ 4V)
Remains Inexpensive and safe
possibility of removing more than 1 Li (Mn Mn4+ more stable than Fe )
Fe4+)
33
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Intensity
2q / degrees (FeKa1
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Capacity / mAhg-1
Cycle number
LISICON framework is very flexible – contains interstitial cation sites
Offers a wide range of possible substitutions e.g. Li2+2xM1-xSiO4
Axeon Holdings plc 2009 Confidential
34. Nexeon - Technology
Up to 9x Gravimetric, 3 x Volumetric Energy Density
Silicon Fibres robust to volume change
Axeon Confidential 34
Form pillars on particles without harvesting
Pillared Particles Hedgehog particles
Lower cost than graphite
35. Performance
Tune Capacity (mAh/g) by varying pillar : core ratio
Axeon Confidential 35
Optimised Electrochemical Performance
Step change energy storage 300Wh/kg
37. Summay
Axeon has extensive real world experience of EV and HEV
batteries including a range of cell chemistries and Battery
Management Systems.
Axeon is “Cell Agnostic” but well connected to cell vendors and
participating in joint research and development programs.
Main chemistries and improved derivatives will be around for
37
some time, but new advanced cell chemistries are rapidly
emerging making a step change in energy storage a possibility.
Nano-Technology - Enabler and playing increasing role.
Axeon has a future view of these rapidly developing
technologies backed up by real research and development
programs and real end customer development projects.
Axeon 2010 Confidential
38. Axeon
Nobel Court, Tel: +44 (0)1382 400040
Wester Gourdie, Fax: +44 (0)1382 400044
Dundee, DD2 4UH,
Scotland, UK www.axeon.com