given data about the LI ion Battery how it works .what is the mechanism of its working .why it is preferd? how it can b recycled.

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<Lithium ion Battery>
Course: Engineering chemistry Student Name: Nayan mishra
Course Code: CHY1001 Registration Number: 15BCE2029
Fall Semester 2015-2016 Guided by:-Dr.Rajashekara reddy
ABSTRACT:-
In this assignment we are going to discuss about Li-ion
batteries, how they came into existence, what was the need.
We have also discussed about how these batteries are made, what are the
principle of its working and mechanism of charging and discharging.
Finally what are the advantages and disadvantages.
INTRODUCTION:-
As we Know lead is very heavy metal and hence much research was
done for long time to make better battery which is low in weight and also it
has improved power backup. Then lithium was chosen as a logical choice to
take place of heavy lead acid battery as it is the lightest metal available in
periodic table. Lithium not only found to be lightest but also very reactive
that is why pure form of Li is not found in nature. Li metal is extracted from
Li salts. Now a days Li-ion Batteries are used in maximum electronic
instruments like laptop, camera, and mobile. These are most energetic and
light weight which make them very popular.
CONSTRUCTION:-

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The particular several main sensible pieces of a lithium-ion
power supplyare classified as the positive as well as unfavorable
electrodes as well as electrolyte. Normally, the actual unfavorable
electrode of your standard lithium-ion mobile is manufactured out of h2o
and. The particular positive electrode is often a metal oxide, plus the
electrolyte is often a lithium salt in an natural solvent. [44] The particular
electrochemical assignments in the electrodes invert between anode as
well as cathode, depending on the path involving current circulation
throughout the mobile.
The particular electrolyte is normally a number of natural carbonates
such as ethylene carbonate or perhaps diethyl carbonate made up of
processes involving lithium ions. These non-aqueous electrolytes
generally use non-coordinating anion salts such as lithium
hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6),
Lithium hexafluoroarsenate monohydrate (LiAsF)
Dependent upon products alternatives, the actualvoltage, energy
denseness, lifetime as well as protection of your lithium-ion power
supplycan modify significantly. Lately, novel architectures employing
nanotechnologyhave been applied to raise functionality.
WORKING:-
Charging and discharging phenomenon of Li-ion battery
1) At the time of charging the battery, the Li ions move from the positive electrode
to the negative electrode through the electrolyte. Electrons tend to flow in the
opposite direction around the outer circuit.

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2) When all the ions stop flowing, the battery is supposed to be fully charged and
ready to use.
3) During discharging the battery, the ions move back from the negative electrode
to the positive electrode. Electrons tend to flow the opposite way through the
outer circuit, powering our laptop.
 ADVANTAGES:-
1) Li- Ion Batteries are light weight in comparison to the other
rechargeable batteries of the same weight.
2) Li- Ion batteries have very high energy density therefore lot of power can be
stored in it and this is due to the fact that electrodes of Li- Ion batteries are made
of low weight Li and carbon and lithium is highly reactive element.
3) Batteries formed by lead And acid which weighs 6 kg will store as much amount
of energy which a 1 kg Li- Ion battery can store.
4) Charge lost by lithium Ion batteries is 5 percent per month whereas NIMH
batteries which have 20 % of charge loss per month.
5) Li- Ion batteries do not need to be discharged completely,i.e it can be charged at
any moment of time.(NO Memory effect)
6) Hundreds of charge and discharge cycle can be handled by lithium Ion
batteries.
 DISADVANTAGES:-
1) Li-ion batteries have small life of about 2 to 3 years from the date
of production. It doesn’t matter they are used or not.
2) They degrade rapidly if they are exposed to heat as compared to the normal

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heat exposure as they are very sensitive to high temperatures.
3)Li-ion batteries are destroyed if they are completely discharged.
4) The cost of Li-ion battery is very high in comparison to the other batteries.
5) There is low risk of Li-ion batteries getting busted if it is not properly
manufactured, the risk is as low as 2 to 3 packs per million batteries produced
may be defective.
 Environmental concerns and recycling
Lithium batteries have very less amount of toxic metals in
comparison to other types of batteries which contain lead (Pb) or
cadmium (Cd) they are generally termed as non-hazardous waste.
Lithium batterycomponent including iron (Fe), copper(Cu), nickel (Ni)
and cobalt (Co) are supposed safe for incinerators and landfills. These
metals can be recycled. But mining is cheaper than recycling. Now a days,
not much is invested into recycling of Lithium batteries due to costs,
difficulties and less yield. The most expensive metal used in the formation
of the cell is cobalt. Lithium iron phosphate is cheaper but has other
demerits. Lithium is cheaper than other metals used, the production
processes of nickel (Ni) & cobalt (Co) for making positive electrode & also
for making the solvent, present potential health and environmental
hazards
 PICTURES RELEATED TO TOPIC

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Simple li-ion Battery.
Charging and discharging.
 PLAGARISSIMReport

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