This document discusses lithium-ion batteries, specifically the NCR18650A battery. It provides details on the features and benefits of lithium-ion batteries, including high energy density, high voltage, and flat discharge voltage without memory effect. Cylindrical and prismatic battery designs are compared, noting pros and cons of each. Practical examples compare the size, weight, cost and suitability of lithium-ion and other battery types. The basic components and functioning of lithium-ion batteries are outlined, along with thermal management techniques.

1. LITHIUM ION BATTERIES GOWTHAM. S

2. LITHIUM ION - NCR18650A
NCR 18650A
FEATURES & BENEFITS
• High Energy Density
Better than Ni – MH and Ni-Cd batteries.
• High Voltage
Produces 3.6V and it lighter and smaller.
• No Memory Effect
“Memory Effect” refers to the phenomenon where
the apparent discharge capacity of a battery is
reduced when it is repetitively discharged
incompletely and then recharged.
• Flat Discharge Voltage
Stable Power output throughout operating range.

3. CYLINDRICAL BATTERIES
PROS CONS
• Ease of Manufacturing- They can
be mass produced and fabrication is
quite simple.
• Low Operating Cost
Lower watt-per-hour price.
• Better Thermal Management –
Free space is available to install
thermal management systems.
• Low Space Efficiency - Not suitable
for applications having strict space
constraints.
• Mechanical Deformation - Cell
disintegration cannot always be
prevented but propagation can. Space
must be provided to allow for
deformation.

4. PRISMATIC BATTERIES
PROS CONS
• Space Efficiency - Thin profile,
lightness and effective use of space.
• Design Flexibility - Can be made to
fit any profile.
• Costly - Expensive to design and
manufacture.
• High Operating Cost
Higher watt-per-hour price.
• Life – period is low - Thermal
management is less effective.
Sensitive to deformation in high
pressure situations.

5. PRACTICALITY OF LITHIUM ION BATTERIES
Length (mm) 353 260
78 % SmallerWidth (mm) 175 168
Height (mm) 190 212
Weight (kg) 27 13.6 50 % Lighter
Cost (Rs.) 13,000 85,000 550 % Costlier
EXIDE MTDIN100 POWERBRICK+ 100
*Battery Selection for BMW 320-d

6. HOW IT WORKS?
CATHODE
Lithium Nickel Cobalt Oxide
doped with Aluminium
ANODE
Graphite
ELECTROLYTE
Solution of lithium salt, such as
LiPF6 in an organic solution.
SEPERATOR
Thin sheet of micro-perforated
plastic.

7. THERMAL MANAGEMENT
Standard Operating Conditions for NCR 18650A
Charge 0 – 45o C
Discharge -20 – 60o C
Storage -20 – 50o C
Positive Temperature Co-efficient Element (PTC)
• When the temperature of the batteries is above the
cut-off temperature, the resistance of the PTC will be
increased significantly.
• The current going in or out of the batteries will be
decreased.