The PPT throws light on these aspects viz, Postmodernism as a theory and as a movement, thematic features, characteristics, issues and problems in a nutshell.
Structuralism is not only the study of the structure of language. Sometimes it has been regarded as , Romantic, Neo-Positivist, a Sinister Euphemism for political device. It is the extension of new criticism. It helps us to understand how language produces reality not reflects reality. It broke down the traditional concept of language. Saussure was the key figure of this movement.
This is a brief presentation of the basic concepts introduced by Russian formalism. It might be considered as a suitable departing point to the understanding of this literary theory.
The PPT throws light on these aspects viz, Postmodernism as a theory and as a movement, thematic features, characteristics, issues and problems in a nutshell.
Structuralism is not only the study of the structure of language. Sometimes it has been regarded as , Romantic, Neo-Positivist, a Sinister Euphemism for political device. It is the extension of new criticism. It helps us to understand how language produces reality not reflects reality. It broke down the traditional concept of language. Saussure was the key figure of this movement.
This is a brief presentation of the basic concepts introduced by Russian formalism. It might be considered as a suitable departing point to the understanding of this literary theory.
Well known linguists such as De Saussere, F. and Bloomfield, L. main representative theoretician of a school of language called Structuralism. De Saussere, F. belongs to the group of European linguistics who developed studies on the language field at the end of the 19th century and beginning of 20th century while Bloomfield, L. belongs to the group of the North American ones.
Deconstruction according to Derrida is that a text dismantles itself. Deconstruction posits logocentrism. It refutes the idea of Structuralism and Formalism. Moreover, it is also a post-structuralism theory. I hope that this might help other students.
Take the quiz to discover what poem you have been assigned to discus.docxbriankimberly26463
Take the quiz to discover what poem you have been assigned to discuss this week;
"On Being Brought From Africa to America" By: Phillis Wheatley
2.Look through the critical approaches in the Week 4 lesson, and CHOOSE 2 that you think could be used to analyze the poem you chose.
Literary Critical Theory:
Interpretive Strategies
1. Historicism considers the literary work in light of "what really happened" during the period reflected in that work. It insists that to understand a piece, we need to understand the author's biography and social background, ideas circulating at the time, and the cultural milieu. Historicism also "finds significance in the ways a particular work resembles or differs from other works of its period and/or genre," and therefore may involve source studies. It may also include examination of philology and linguistics. It is typically a discipline involving impressively extensive research.
2. New Criticism examines the relationships between a text's ideas and its form, "the connection between what a text says and the way it's said." New Critics/Formalists "may find tension, irony, or paradox in this relation, but they usually resolve it into unity and coherence of meaning." New Critics look for patterns of sound, imagery, narrative structure, point of view, and other techniques discernible on close reading of "the work itself." They insist that the meaning of a text should not be confused with the author's intentions nor the text's affective dimension--its effects on the reader. The objective determination as to "how a piece works" can be found through close focus and analysis, rather than through extraneous and erudite special knowledge.
3. Archetypal criticism "traces cultural and psychological 'myths' that shape the meaning of texts." It argues that "certain literary archetypes determine the structure and function of individual literary works," and therefore that literature imitates not the world but rather the "total dream of humankind." Archetypes (recurring images or symbols, patterns, universal experiences) may include motifs such as the quest or the heavenly ascent, symbols such as the apple or snake, or images such as crucifixion--all laden with meaning already when employed in a particular work.
4. Psychoanalytic criticism adopts the methods of "reading" employed by Freud and later theorists to interpret what a text really indicates. It argues that "unresolved and sometimes unconscious ambivalences in the author's own life may lead to a disunified literary work," and that the literary work is a manifestation of the author's own neuroses. Psychoanalytic critics focus on apparent dilemmas and conflicts in a work and "attempt to read an author's own family life and traumas into the actions of their characters," realizing that the psychological material will be expressed indirectly, encoded (similar to dreams) through principles such as "condensation," "displacement," and "symbolism."
5. Femini.
Social Change (writing only)Re-imagine historical images. Resear.docxrosemariebrayshaw
Social Change (writing only)
Re-imagine historical images. Research the work and writings of social activist photographers until you can become them; that is, what would Hill and Adamson, Lewis Hine or Jacob Riis photograph today if they lived where you live? What social issue needs an advocate? In a 250-to-400-word essay, which includes references to readings on the photographer you are emulating, discuss how you would approach creating this extended documentary project. For this project you need to consult at least three credible and substantial sources and list them in an endnote. If you quote from the source, you need to include the page number(s) of the source you quoted or the URL of the electronic source and the page number the quote is on.
Grading rubric for option 3 (writing only): (Total 100 points)
Grading rubric
Points
Does the paper include a research question that frames the discussion?
10
Were at least three credible and substantial sources consulted and included in an endnote
25
Quality of the writing (how well you develop the essay, clarity of expression, structure)
50
Is the paper free of spelling and grammatical mistakes?
5
Does the paper fall within the word limit of 250–400 words?
10
Total
100
145
The Drama Review 46, 2 (T174), Summer 2002. Copyright 2002
New York University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Performance Studies
Interventions and Radical Research1
Dwight Conquergood
According to Michel de Certeau, “what the map cuts up, the story cuts across”
(1984:129). This pithy phrase evokes a postcolonial world crisscrossed by trans-
national narratives, diaspora af� liations, and, especially, the movement and mul-
tiple migrations of people, sometimes voluntary, but often economically propelled
and politically coerced. In order to keep pace with such a world, we now think
of “place” as a heavily traf� cked intersection, a port of call and exchange, instead
of a circumscribed territory. A boundary is more like a membrane than a wall.
In current cultural theory, “location” is imagined as an itinerary instead of a � xed
point. Our understanding of “local context” expands to encompass the historical,
dynamic, often traumatic, movements of people, ideas, images, commodities, and
capital. It is no longer easy to sort out the local from the global: transnational
circulations of images get reworked on the ground and redeployed for local,
tactical struggles. And global � ows simultaneously are encumbered and energized
by these local makeovers. We now are keenly aware that the “local” is a leaky,
contingent construction, and that global forces are taken up, struggled over, and
refracted for site-speci� c purposes. The best of the new cultural theory distin-
guishes itself from apolitical celebrations of mobility, � ow, and easy border cross-
ings by carefully tracking the transitive circuits of power and the political
economic pressure points that monitor the migrations of people, chann.
I hope, it is quite helpful for the beginner to understand the concept of contemporary Literary theory. Students can take the help to study and understand the basics of contemporary literary theory. It includes concise concepts, tenets and components to make the strategic study for competitive examination at one specific study material.
Mini-research: Pierre BOURDIEU’S THEORIES in relation to organizational behav...Fernanda Vasconcelos Dias
University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
Organizational Behavior in Educational Settings
Professor: Dr. Kate Way
Student: Fernanda Vasconcelos Dias
March 07,2016
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Literary Theory & Criticism pt 3: Post-Structuralism & Deconstruction
1.
2. WHAT IS POST-STRUCTURALISM?
•Post-structuralism can be broadly understood as a body of distinct reactions to
Structuralism.
•However, it is difficult to define or summarize Post-structuralism because:
it rejects definitions that claim to have discovered absolute "truths" or facts about the
world.
very few Post-structural thinkers have willingly accepted the label 'post-structuralist’.
Hence, no one has felt compelled to construct a "manifesto" of post-structuralism.
3. CHARACTERISTICS OF POST-STRUCTURALISM
Post-structuralism sees 'reality' as being much more fragmented, diverse, tenuous
and culture-specific than does structuralism. Consequently, Post-structuralism lays
greater emphasis on:
•Specific histories and local contextualizations;
•The actual insertion of the human into the texture of time and history;
•The specifics of cultural working and cultural practice;
•The role of language and textuality in the construction of reality and identity.
4. STRUCTURALISM V/S POST-STRUCTURALISM
• Structuralism studied the underlying structures in texts and used analytical concepts from
linguistics, psychology, anthropology, and other fields to interpret those structures. It emphasized
the logical and scientific nature of its results.
• Post-structuralism argues that history and culture condition the study of underlying structures, yet
both are subject to biases and misinterpretations. A post-structuralist approach argues that to
understand a text, it is necessary to study both the text itself and the systems of knowledge that
produced it.
• Post-structuralism rejects the idea of a literary text having a single purpose, a single meaning, or
one singular existence. Instead, every individual reader creates a new and individual purpose,
meaning, and existence for a given text.
5. STRUCTURALISM V/S POST-STRUCTURALISM
• Post structuralism retains the emphasis on language of structuralism.
• Post structuralism retains the Structuralist’s belief that all cultural systems can be represented as ‘coded systems of
meaning rather than direct transactions with reality.’
• Many Post-structuralists, namely Foucault, Baudrillard and Barthes, began as Structuralists and moved in the course of their
thought in a Poststructuralist direction.
• Whereas Structuralists claim that independent signifiers are superior to the signified, Post-structuralism views the Signifier
and the Signified as inseparable.
• A post-structuralist critic must be able to utilize a variety of perspectives to create a multifaceted interpretation of a text,
even if these interpretations conflict with one another. It is particularly important to analyse how the meanings of a text shift
in relation to certain variables, usually involving the identity of the reader.
7. MICHEL FOUCAULT
“...For the last ten or fifteen years, the immense and proliferating criticizability of
things, institutions, practices, and discourses; a sort of general feeling that the
ground was crumbling beneath our feet, especially in places where it seemed most
familiar, most solid, and closest to us, to our bodies, to our everyday gestures. But
alongside this crumbling and the astonishing efficacy of discontinuous, particular,
and local critiques, the facts were also revealing something... Beneath this whole
thematic, through it and even within it, we have seen what might be called the
insurrection of subjugated knowledges.”
– FOUCAULT, M. SOCIETY MUST BE DEFENDED, 7 JANUARY 1976, TR. DAVID MACEY
8. ROLAND BARTHES: DEATH OF THE AUTHOR
•The "death" of the author as an authentic source of meaning for a given text.
•Literary texts have multiple meanings.
•The author is not the prime source of the work's semantic content.
•The "death of the author" is the "birth of the reader" as the source of the
proliferation of meanings of the text.
9. JACQUES DERRIDA: DECONSTRUCTION
• A major theory associated with Structuralism is binary opposition. This theory proposes binary
opposites are often arranged in a hierarchy.
• Post-structuralism rejects the notion of the essential quality of the dominant relation in the hierarchy,
choosing rather to expose the dependency of the dominant term on its apparently subservient
counterpart. This act of deconstruction illuminates how male can become female, how speech can
become writing, and how rational can become emotional.
• Deconstruction helps us understand silent voices.
• Deconstruction challenges our perspectives.