Lichens Enrichment
•
3 likes•1,364 views
This document provides an overview of lichens including their symbiotic nature, morphology, growth forms, reproduction, physiology, ecology, identification, and examples of common lichen species found in Minnesota. It describes lichens as symbiotic partnerships between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria that can take various forms from crustose to fruticose. Their slow growth is limited by their lack of roots and dependence on air and rain for nutrients. Lichens play important ecological roles in soil formation, nitrogen fixation, and as forage.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Soil ppt
This document discusses the key components and formation of soil. It describes the six major components of soil as eroded rock, mineral nutrients, decaying organic matter, water, air, and living organisms. Soil forms through the weathering of bedrock and is influenced by physical, chemical, and biological factors. The document also outlines the horizons and properties of soil, such as texture and permeability, and explains their importance for supporting plant life. Various human impacts on and management of soil are also covered, such as erosion, conservation practices, and relevant legislation.
PLANT ECOLOGY
This document discusses plant ecology. It begins by defining plant ecology as the study of plant distributions, abundances, and interactions with the environment. It notes that plant ecology developed within the wider field of ecology in the 20th century. Biomes are determined by climate, mostly temperature and precipitation, and follow latitudinal trends. Plant ecology is important because plants supply food and oxygen, recycle matter, provide many products for human use, and create habitats for other organisms. The effects of plant ecology can be physical (on light, temperature, water, air) or human-related (acid rain, ozone thinning, deforestation, global warming). Photosynthesis, trophic levels, and soil formation are positive effects, while climate
Species Extinction- Reasons and Effects?
In biology and ecology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost at this point.
Dynamic Ecosystem
The document summarizes the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems. Abiotic components include non-living factors like temperature, light intensity, and soil composition. Biotic components are the living plants and animals that interact with each other and their environment. These interactions include producer-consumer relationships in food chains and webs, as well as symbiotic relationships like mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and saprophytism. Succession over time transforms environments like mangrove swamps as pioneer species establish and later species move in.
ECOLOGY, its systems and disturbances
Ecosystems can be classified in various ways based on their size and level of human interference. The biosphere is the largest ecosystem encompassing all others. Ecosystems also exist at the mega, marine, freshwater, semi-terrestrial, terrestrial, urban-industrial, macro, meso, and micro levels. Natural ecosystems are self-regulating without human interference, while artificial ecosystems are man-made like cities and croplands. Disturbances, whether abiotic like tsunamis or biotic like insects, disrupt ecosystems. Succession describes how communities change and recover after disturbances through primary succession in new areas and secondary succession in previously inhabited areas.
Biotic interactions
Biotic factors also regulate the size of populations more intensely. Finally, the influence of biotic interactions can occur at two different levels. Interspecific effects are direct interactions between species, and the intraspecific effects represent interactions of individuals within a single species.
Succession Slides 2012
This document discusses ecological succession, including primary and secondary succession. It provides examples of primary succession on new landscapes like volcanic islands or glacial retreat. Secondary succession is examined using a case study of an old field recovering from agriculture. The document also discusses how disturbances can impact succession, creating ecotones and edge effects. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is presented, suggesting peak diversity at moderate disturbance levels. Island biogeography theories are summarized, relating them to habitat fragmentation. The solution of wildlife corridors is proposed to address fragmentation effects.
Habitat fragmentation srm
Habitat fragmentation involves reducing the area of habitats and dividing remaining habitat into smaller, isolated patches. This disrupts connectivity and species may struggle to adjust. Fragmentation begins with gap formation and increases over time as gaps expand and connectivity is lost. Biological consequences include initial exclusion of species, crowding in fragments, insularization effects, isolation, edge effects, and matrix effects. Roads pose additional threats through mortality, barriers to movement, and enabling invasive species. Species vulnerable to fragmentation are endemics, interior specialists, those requiring mixed habitats, and those with low mobility or reproduction.
Recommended
Soil ppt
This document discusses the key components and formation of soil. It describes the six major components of soil as eroded rock, mineral nutrients, decaying organic matter, water, air, and living organisms. Soil forms through the weathering of bedrock and is influenced by physical, chemical, and biological factors. The document also outlines the horizons and properties of soil, such as texture and permeability, and explains their importance for supporting plant life. Various human impacts on and management of soil are also covered, such as erosion, conservation practices, and relevant legislation.
PLANT ECOLOGY
This document discusses plant ecology. It begins by defining plant ecology as the study of plant distributions, abundances, and interactions with the environment. It notes that plant ecology developed within the wider field of ecology in the 20th century. Biomes are determined by climate, mostly temperature and precipitation, and follow latitudinal trends. Plant ecology is important because plants supply food and oxygen, recycle matter, provide many products for human use, and create habitats for other organisms. The effects of plant ecology can be physical (on light, temperature, water, air) or human-related (acid rain, ozone thinning, deforestation, global warming). Photosynthesis, trophic levels, and soil formation are positive effects, while climate
Species Extinction- Reasons and Effects?
In biology and ecology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost at this point.
Dynamic Ecosystem
The document summarizes the abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems. Abiotic components include non-living factors like temperature, light intensity, and soil composition. Biotic components are the living plants and animals that interact with each other and their environment. These interactions include producer-consumer relationships in food chains and webs, as well as symbiotic relationships like mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and saprophytism. Succession over time transforms environments like mangrove swamps as pioneer species establish and later species move in.
ECOLOGY, its systems and disturbances
Ecosystems can be classified in various ways based on their size and level of human interference. The biosphere is the largest ecosystem encompassing all others. Ecosystems also exist at the mega, marine, freshwater, semi-terrestrial, terrestrial, urban-industrial, macro, meso, and micro levels. Natural ecosystems are self-regulating without human interference, while artificial ecosystems are man-made like cities and croplands. Disturbances, whether abiotic like tsunamis or biotic like insects, disrupt ecosystems. Succession describes how communities change and recover after disturbances through primary succession in new areas and secondary succession in previously inhabited areas.
Biotic interactions
Biotic factors also regulate the size of populations more intensely. Finally, the influence of biotic interactions can occur at two different levels. Interspecific effects are direct interactions between species, and the intraspecific effects represent interactions of individuals within a single species.
Succession Slides 2012
This document discusses ecological succession, including primary and secondary succession. It provides examples of primary succession on new landscapes like volcanic islands or glacial retreat. Secondary succession is examined using a case study of an old field recovering from agriculture. The document also discusses how disturbances can impact succession, creating ecotones and edge effects. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis is presented, suggesting peak diversity at moderate disturbance levels. Island biogeography theories are summarized, relating them to habitat fragmentation. The solution of wildlife corridors is proposed to address fragmentation effects.
Habitat fragmentation srm
Habitat fragmentation involves reducing the area of habitats and dividing remaining habitat into smaller, isolated patches. This disrupts connectivity and species may struggle to adjust. Fragmentation begins with gap formation and increases over time as gaps expand and connectivity is lost. Biological consequences include initial exclusion of species, crowding in fragments, insularization effects, isolation, edge effects, and matrix effects. Roads pose additional threats through mortality, barriers to movement, and enabling invasive species. Species vulnerable to fragmentation are endemics, interior specialists, those requiring mixed habitats, and those with low mobility or reproduction.
Topographic factors.pptx
This document discusses topographic factors and their influence on biodiversity. It defines topographic factors as physical features of the earth's surface like altitude, latitude, slope, and exposure to mountain chains and valleys. These factors affect climate by influencing temperature, precipitation, wind, and other conditions. This creates microclimates where different organisms and vegetation exist in different areas with varying topography. Specifically, it discusses how altitude, latitude, direction of mountains/winds, slope steepness, and exposure affect climate and therefore biodiversity in an area. Understanding topography helps explain the diversity of life found in different locations.
Energy flow and nutrient cycles
This document summarizes nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems. It explains that the sun provides energy for plants through photosynthesis. Plants and primary consumers store this energy, which is transferred to higher trophic levels through feeding relationships. When organisms die, decomposers break down their remains and release nutrients and energy back into the environment, allowing recycling to occur. This maintains nutrient availability and sustains energy flow through trophic levels in a balanced ecosystem.
Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factors
The document discusses light and temperature, defining light and its importance for plants. It covers light quality, types of light including ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. It describes units of light measurement and methods. It discusses diurnal and seasonal variations in light and temperature and the eco-physiological responses of plants, including effects on photosynthesis, transpiration, seed germination, photoperiodism, reproduction, growth, and plant structure.
Plant Succession
Plant succession refers to the natural orderly changes in plant and animal communities over time. If undisturbed, an open field may become a forest over 150-300 years. However, factors like soil, climate, topography, and natural or human disturbances can affect succession patterns. Succession progresses through stages from herbs to shrubs to young forest to mature forest and finally climax forest. Primary succession occurs on undeveloped land while secondary succession occurs on previously vegetated land disturbed by events like fires or logging.
Life form of plants
Plants can have different life forms based on their growth habits and structures. The document describes several common plant life forms including epiphytes, which grow on other plants; hemiepiphytes, which start as epiphytes but later send roots to the ground; lianas, which are woody vines that grow upward from the ground; and trees, shrubs, and vines, which differ based on their stem structures.
Edaphology
Edaphology is the study of how soils influence living things, especially plants. It is a branch of soil science, along with pedology which is the study of soils in their natural environment. Edaphology examines the relationships between soils, plants, and the environment through two sub-fields: agrology which focuses on agriculture, and environmental soil science.
Ecosystem
This document provides an overview of various aquatic ecosystems. It begins by defining key terms like environment, ecology, ecosystem, and biotic and abiotic components. It then describes different types of freshwater ecosystems like ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands. Next it covers marine ecosystems like estuaries, mangrove swamps, salt marshes, rocky shores, and oceans. Within oceans it distinguishes zones like intertidal, pelagic, abyssal, and benthic and the organisms found in each. The document concludes by outlining ecosystem goods and services provided by aquatic environments.
Wetland
+A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.
+Wetlands include a variety of habitats, which may be natural or man made area of water or marsh that can be lotic (standing water) and lentic (running water).
+Types of wetlands
a)Marine water
b)Fresh water
c)Man made
+Why Are Wetlands Important?
+Wetlands and Ecosystem Services
+Wetlands are threatened
+Wetland Protection
+Wetland Conservation Strategy
Soil biodiversity
This document provides an overview of soil biodiversity and the roles of different soil organisms. It discusses microorganisms, microfauna, mesofauna, macrofauna and their functions. Key groups include earthworms, termites, ants and their roles in nutrient cycling, soil structure formation, and carbon sequestration. Land use and management practices can positively or negatively impact soil biodiversity. Maintaining soil organic matter and reducing tillage are important for soil health improvement.
Soil Profile
The document presented findings from a study on soil types and properties. It began with an introduction to soil and discussed major soil types based on texture. It described the methodology used, which involved examining soil profiles, measuring pH, moisture content, and organic matter. The results showed that in the grassland sample area, the topsoil had higher moisture content and organic matter than the subsoil. Meanwhile, the woodland sample area had lower levels of moisture and organic matter overall. The conclusion was that various soil properties, like pH, were similar between areas, but factors like location affected moisture content and organic matter levels.
Plant ecology
This document discusses homeostasis, optimization, and evolution in plant ecology. It defines homeostasis as a biological equilibrium or balance of nature maintained in an ecosystem through factors like carrying capacity and waste recycling. Optimization refers to using mathematical techniques to allocate scarce resources to maximize utility, and has been applied to evolutionary theory as a way to investigate near-optimal design. The document also notes that optimality can provide a null hypothesis and organisms need not be perfectly optimal for optimality theory to be relevant in evolution.
Simpson index
This document discusses biodiversity and methods for measuring it. It explains that biodiversity has three main components: species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. It also describes different categories for measuring diversity within habitats (alpha diversity), between habitats (beta diversity), and across landscapes (gamma diversity). The document focuses on the Simpson index, which measures the probability that two randomly selected individuals belong to the same species. It provides the formula for calculating the Simpson index and discusses how it can be adapted to better represent diversity. An example calculation using species data from a woodland is also included.
Deforestation Afforestation Reforestation And Forest Transition
This document discusses deforestation, afforestation, reforestation, and forest transition. It defines each term and provides examples of their effects. Deforestation involves permanently cutting down trees and can lead to extinction, warming, and erosion. Afforestation is planting trees in areas with few trees and has advantages like increasing greenery, precipitation, and oxygen while reducing pollution and warming. Reforestation replants trees and prevents soil erosion and carbon dioxide increases while improving water cycles. Forest transition refers to changing from a period of net forest loss to net gain.
Ecosystem Concepts
The document defines ecology as the scientific study of the interaction between living organisms and their environment. It discusses key concepts in ecology like ecosystems, biotic and abiotic components, energy flow, nutrient cycling, and trophic structure. Some key types of ecosystems mentioned are forests, grasslands, deserts, aquatic, urban, and agricultural ecosystems.
Litter dynamics in tropical plantations
This document outlines a literature review on litter dynamics in tropical plantations. It discusses the importance of litter dynamics for nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Key factors that influence litter fall fluxes include stand age, species mixtures, site characteristics, and perturbations. Methods for estimating litter decomposition include mass loss experiments using litterbags. Nutrient release from decomposing litter is also examined. Seasonal patterns of litter fall and nutrient release are discussed for several tropical species.
Intro To Forest Ecology
This document provides an introduction to forest ecology, discussing key concepts and topics. It covers three major topics: site factors like climate, substrate and hydrology that influence forest composition; forest succession and changes over time due to disturbance; and natural disturbances like flooding, fire, wind, ice, insects and disease. Forest ecology examines how living organisms interact with each other and the physical environment in complex forest ecosystems.
Invasive alien species
The document discusses invasive alien species (IAS) as a threat to biodiversity and the environment. It describes how some species have traits like rapid growth and reproduction that allow them to outcompete native species. IAS are often introduced through human activities like importing plants, releasing ballast water from ships, or the pet trade. They can negatively impact ecosystems, economies, agriculture, and human health. Effective control requires integrated approaches like mechanical removal, chemicals, biological controls, and habitat management. The conclusion states that IAS are a major threat globally and that their impacts must be managed.
Soil Fertility, Fertilizer, and Fertiizization. Chapter 5 THE OM AND SOM
This material is part of my lecturing on soi fertility, fertilizer, and fertilization namely Chapter 6 The OM and SOM written down based on the book of Benjamin Wolf and George H. Snyder. 2002. This material is only for lecture purpose of my class.
Fluoride as pollutant in air, water and its impacts on plants
This document discusses fluoride pollution in air, water, and soil and its impacts on plants. It provides a history of fluoride pollution dating back to the 16th century and describes natural and anthropogenic sources of fluoride in the atmosphere. It explains how fluoride deposits from the air into water and soil, where it can be absorbed by plants through their leaves or roots. Fluoride is shown to disrupt biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibiting enzymes and causing oxidative stress, and symptoms of fluoride toxicity include lesions on leaves. Case studies demonstrate effects on species like pine trees and weeds. The document concludes that fluoride poses serious risks to crop yields by damaging plants.
Forestry
Forests play an important economic role by providing wood, fuel, employment, and revenue from exports. However, excessive deforestation for economic activities can have negative environmental impacts such as habitat loss, floods, greenhouse gas buildup, soil erosion, and effects on water and climate cycles. Sustainable forest management is needed to balance economic development and environmental protection.
Lichens and Pollution - an Introduction
Lichens can be used to monitor air quality because different species tolerate different levels of pollution. This document describes an activity where students identify and record different lichen species on trees to determine the air quality of their school grounds. They look for leafy and bushy lichens and record abundance levels. The results can indicate whether the air is clean, moderately polluted, or highly polluted based on which species are present and abundant. After surveying the lichens, students will create displays about their findings.
plant indicators
Biological indicators like lichens can be used to monitor environmental conditions over time. Lichens are especially good indicators of air pollution levels as different lichen species have varying sensitivities. In polluted areas, fruticose lichens which are the most sensitive will disappear first, followed by foliose lichens, while crustose lichens are the most resistant. Studies tracking changes in lichen populations can determine how air pollution levels have changed in a given location.
More Related Content
What's hot
Topographic factors.pptx
This document discusses topographic factors and their influence on biodiversity. It defines topographic factors as physical features of the earth's surface like altitude, latitude, slope, and exposure to mountain chains and valleys. These factors affect climate by influencing temperature, precipitation, wind, and other conditions. This creates microclimates where different organisms and vegetation exist in different areas with varying topography. Specifically, it discusses how altitude, latitude, direction of mountains/winds, slope steepness, and exposure affect climate and therefore biodiversity in an area. Understanding topography helps explain the diversity of life found in different locations.
Energy flow and nutrient cycles
This document summarizes nutrient cycling and energy flow in ecosystems. It explains that the sun provides energy for plants through photosynthesis. Plants and primary consumers store this energy, which is transferred to higher trophic levels through feeding relationships. When organisms die, decomposers break down their remains and release nutrients and energy back into the environment, allowing recycling to occur. This maintains nutrient availability and sustains energy flow through trophic levels in a balanced ecosystem.
Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factors
The document discusses light and temperature, defining light and its importance for plants. It covers light quality, types of light including ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation. It describes units of light measurement and methods. It discusses diurnal and seasonal variations in light and temperature and the eco-physiological responses of plants, including effects on photosynthesis, transpiration, seed germination, photoperiodism, reproduction, growth, and plant structure.
Plant Succession
Plant succession refers to the natural orderly changes in plant and animal communities over time. If undisturbed, an open field may become a forest over 150-300 years. However, factors like soil, climate, topography, and natural or human disturbances can affect succession patterns. Succession progresses through stages from herbs to shrubs to young forest to mature forest and finally climax forest. Primary succession occurs on undeveloped land while secondary succession occurs on previously vegetated land disturbed by events like fires or logging.
Life form of plants
Plants can have different life forms based on their growth habits and structures. The document describes several common plant life forms including epiphytes, which grow on other plants; hemiepiphytes, which start as epiphytes but later send roots to the ground; lianas, which are woody vines that grow upward from the ground; and trees, shrubs, and vines, which differ based on their stem structures.
Edaphology
Edaphology is the study of how soils influence living things, especially plants. It is a branch of soil science, along with pedology which is the study of soils in their natural environment. Edaphology examines the relationships between soils, plants, and the environment through two sub-fields: agrology which focuses on agriculture, and environmental soil science.
Ecosystem
This document provides an overview of various aquatic ecosystems. It begins by defining key terms like environment, ecology, ecosystem, and biotic and abiotic components. It then describes different types of freshwater ecosystems like ponds, lakes, streams, rivers, and wetlands. Next it covers marine ecosystems like estuaries, mangrove swamps, salt marshes, rocky shores, and oceans. Within oceans it distinguishes zones like intertidal, pelagic, abyssal, and benthic and the organisms found in each. The document concludes by outlining ecosystem goods and services provided by aquatic environments.
Wetland
+A wetland is a distinct ecosystem that is flooded by water, either permanently or seasonally, where oxygen-free processes prevail. The primary factor that distinguishes wetlands from other land forms or water bodies is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, adapted to the unique hydric soil.
+Wetlands include a variety of habitats, which may be natural or man made area of water or marsh that can be lotic (standing water) and lentic (running water).
+Types of wetlands
a)Marine water
b)Fresh water
c)Man made
+Why Are Wetlands Important?
+Wetlands and Ecosystem Services
+Wetlands are threatened
+Wetland Protection
+Wetland Conservation Strategy
Soil biodiversity
This document provides an overview of soil biodiversity and the roles of different soil organisms. It discusses microorganisms, microfauna, mesofauna, macrofauna and their functions. Key groups include earthworms, termites, ants and their roles in nutrient cycling, soil structure formation, and carbon sequestration. Land use and management practices can positively or negatively impact soil biodiversity. Maintaining soil organic matter and reducing tillage are important for soil health improvement.
Soil Profile
The document presented findings from a study on soil types and properties. It began with an introduction to soil and discussed major soil types based on texture. It described the methodology used, which involved examining soil profiles, measuring pH, moisture content, and organic matter. The results showed that in the grassland sample area, the topsoil had higher moisture content and organic matter than the subsoil. Meanwhile, the woodland sample area had lower levels of moisture and organic matter overall. The conclusion was that various soil properties, like pH, were similar between areas, but factors like location affected moisture content and organic matter levels.
Plant ecology
This document discusses homeostasis, optimization, and evolution in plant ecology. It defines homeostasis as a biological equilibrium or balance of nature maintained in an ecosystem through factors like carrying capacity and waste recycling. Optimization refers to using mathematical techniques to allocate scarce resources to maximize utility, and has been applied to evolutionary theory as a way to investigate near-optimal design. The document also notes that optimality can provide a null hypothesis and organisms need not be perfectly optimal for optimality theory to be relevant in evolution.
Simpson index
This document discusses biodiversity and methods for measuring it. It explains that biodiversity has three main components: species diversity, ecosystem diversity, and genetic diversity. It also describes different categories for measuring diversity within habitats (alpha diversity), between habitats (beta diversity), and across landscapes (gamma diversity). The document focuses on the Simpson index, which measures the probability that two randomly selected individuals belong to the same species. It provides the formula for calculating the Simpson index and discusses how it can be adapted to better represent diversity. An example calculation using species data from a woodland is also included.
Deforestation Afforestation Reforestation And Forest Transition
This document discusses deforestation, afforestation, reforestation, and forest transition. It defines each term and provides examples of their effects. Deforestation involves permanently cutting down trees and can lead to extinction, warming, and erosion. Afforestation is planting trees in areas with few trees and has advantages like increasing greenery, precipitation, and oxygen while reducing pollution and warming. Reforestation replants trees and prevents soil erosion and carbon dioxide increases while improving water cycles. Forest transition refers to changing from a period of net forest loss to net gain.
Ecosystem Concepts
The document defines ecology as the scientific study of the interaction between living organisms and their environment. It discusses key concepts in ecology like ecosystems, biotic and abiotic components, energy flow, nutrient cycling, and trophic structure. Some key types of ecosystems mentioned are forests, grasslands, deserts, aquatic, urban, and agricultural ecosystems.
Litter dynamics in tropical plantations
This document outlines a literature review on litter dynamics in tropical plantations. It discusses the importance of litter dynamics for nutrient cycling and soil fertility. Key factors that influence litter fall fluxes include stand age, species mixtures, site characteristics, and perturbations. Methods for estimating litter decomposition include mass loss experiments using litterbags. Nutrient release from decomposing litter is also examined. Seasonal patterns of litter fall and nutrient release are discussed for several tropical species.
Intro To Forest Ecology
This document provides an introduction to forest ecology, discussing key concepts and topics. It covers three major topics: site factors like climate, substrate and hydrology that influence forest composition; forest succession and changes over time due to disturbance; and natural disturbances like flooding, fire, wind, ice, insects and disease. Forest ecology examines how living organisms interact with each other and the physical environment in complex forest ecosystems.
Invasive alien species
The document discusses invasive alien species (IAS) as a threat to biodiversity and the environment. It describes how some species have traits like rapid growth and reproduction that allow them to outcompete native species. IAS are often introduced through human activities like importing plants, releasing ballast water from ships, or the pet trade. They can negatively impact ecosystems, economies, agriculture, and human health. Effective control requires integrated approaches like mechanical removal, chemicals, biological controls, and habitat management. The conclusion states that IAS are a major threat globally and that their impacts must be managed.
Soil Fertility, Fertilizer, and Fertiizization. Chapter 5 THE OM AND SOM
This material is part of my lecturing on soi fertility, fertilizer, and fertilization namely Chapter 6 The OM and SOM written down based on the book of Benjamin Wolf and George H. Snyder. 2002. This material is only for lecture purpose of my class.
Fluoride as pollutant in air, water and its impacts on plants
This document discusses fluoride pollution in air, water, and soil and its impacts on plants. It provides a history of fluoride pollution dating back to the 16th century and describes natural and anthropogenic sources of fluoride in the atmosphere. It explains how fluoride deposits from the air into water and soil, where it can be absorbed by plants through their leaves or roots. Fluoride is shown to disrupt biochemical and physiological processes in plants, inhibiting enzymes and causing oxidative stress, and symptoms of fluoride toxicity include lesions on leaves. Case studies demonstrate effects on species like pine trees and weeds. The document concludes that fluoride poses serious risks to crop yields by damaging plants.
Forestry
Forests play an important economic role by providing wood, fuel, employment, and revenue from exports. However, excessive deforestation for economic activities can have negative environmental impacts such as habitat loss, floods, greenhouse gas buildup, soil erosion, and effects on water and climate cycles. Sustainable forest management is needed to balance economic development and environmental protection.
What's hot (20)
Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factors
Light and temperature, light and temperature as ecological factors
Deforestation Afforestation Reforestation And Forest Transition
Deforestation Afforestation Reforestation And Forest Transition
Soil Fertility, Fertilizer, and Fertiizization. Chapter 5 THE OM AND SOM
Soil Fertility, Fertilizer, and Fertiizization. Chapter 5 THE OM AND SOM
Fluoride as pollutant in air, water and its impacts on plants
Fluoride as pollutant in air, water and its impacts on plants
Viewers also liked
Lichens and Pollution - an Introduction
Lichens can be used to monitor air quality because different species tolerate different levels of pollution. This document describes an activity where students identify and record different lichen species on trees to determine the air quality of their school grounds. They look for leafy and bushy lichens and record abundance levels. The results can indicate whether the air is clean, moderately polluted, or highly polluted based on which species are present and abundant. After surveying the lichens, students will create displays about their findings.
plant indicators
Biological indicators like lichens can be used to monitor environmental conditions over time. Lichens are especially good indicators of air pollution levels as different lichen species have varying sensitivities. In polluted areas, fruticose lichens which are the most sensitive will disappear first, followed by foliose lichens, while crustose lichens are the most resistant. Studies tracking changes in lichen populations can determine how air pollution levels have changed in a given location.
Michele Bailey Interview
A PowerPoint presentation created to present information obtained during an interview with advertising agency CEO Michele Bailey.
D9 Process Book_Expedition Mars
This process book documents the team's exploration of digital design, generative coding, and problem solving using unfamiliar tools. It chronicles their design process using Python scripts in Rhino to generate geometric forms. The scripts utilize concepts like classes, functions, repetition, recursion, and algorithms to create self-organizing and emergent designs. Examples include lotus flowers formed by rotating spheres along sine waves and pyramids replicated across a surface using boolean operations.
elementos conceptuales de los proyectos
Los proyectos surgen de las necesidades y el deseo de innovación de las empresas o servicios. Su desarrollo requiere planeación, organización, dirección y control. Elementos conceptuales clave incluyen identificar necesidades, planificar actividades, asignar recursos, y monitorear progreso.
Honor
This document provides guidance on honoring others through treating people as special, doing more than what's expected, and having a good attitude. It cites several biblical passages supporting honoring pastors, widows, marriage, one's body, God, parents, wives, and government leaders. The document also notes that honoring others is biblical, practical, focuses on the heart, and is an adult skill, and includes sections on practical ideas for teaching each of the three honoring concepts.
Economic Fluctuation and Its Effects on Tourism in Kish Island, Iran
When economic recession accompany by international sanctions, market will experience the worst scenario in
three layers: political environment, fiscal, and management issues that Iran experienced from the second quarter
of 2012, due to international sanction. A field survey was applied to evaluate two target groups; shop owners and
tourists’ reactions against the economic fluctuation effects in Kish Island. Principal component analysis was
considered to analyze the data that obtained from field survey. The result shows that although the tourist chose
economizing strategies, however shop owners faced Paradoxical sphere, imbalance economy, none transparency,
high risk and uncertainty space. Shop owners try to adjust themselves through the variety of strategies based on
their capacity.
Our Approach
Rodgers Capital Management provides mutual fund management services. They aim to generate good long-term results through objectivity, diversification, and discipline. Their approach involves in-depth research to select top managers, global diversification, a long-term outlook, and mutual funds to access premier investment talent. They develop customized investment plans and portfolios aligned with clients' risk profiles using a four-step process of asset allocation, risk assessment with scenarios, manager selection, and periodic portfolio adjustments.
Excel 2007 create a chart
This document provides an overview and instructions for creating and customizing charts in Microsoft Excel 2007. It covers how to create a basic column chart from worksheet data in about 10 seconds. It also discusses how to customize charts by changing the chart type and view, adding titles, applying styles and formatting to change colors and effects, and formatting individual chart elements. Finally, it describes how to add a completed Excel chart to a PowerPoint presentation by copying and pasting it between the applications.
Track ID Quiz
This document provides information about identifying winter animal tracks in snow. It includes descriptions and diagrams of tracks from 14 different animals that may be seen, including: Virginia opossum, eastern cottontail rabbit, gray squirrel, white-tailed deer, human, raccoon, coyote, gray fox, red fox, field mouse, short-tailed weasel, long-tailed weasel, fisher, and common vole. Key details about each animal's track pattern and identifying features are given, along with tracking vocabulary terms such as alternating tracks, two-print tracks, and four-print tracks.
Certificates
This document is a certificate issued to Mr. Bozkurt Izzet certifying his qualifications and authorization to perform various non-destructive testing methods. The certificate lists the specific testing methods Mr. Izzet is certified to use, including radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, visual testing, and others. It also specifies the industrial sectors and product types to which his certification applies. The certificate is valid until a specified date in the future.
Frogs and Toads of Minnesota
A presentation on the citizen science program FrogWatch with information on all Minnesota frog and toad species.
Jack ma (alibaba) three sisters and a brother group project
Jack Ma was born in 1964 in China and showed early interest in learning English by giving tours to foreign tourists. He earned a teaching degree and started his own translation business. After traveling to the US in 1988 and seeing a computer for the first time, he launched China's first commercial website and later founded Alibaba in 1999. Alibaba became very successful in China by helping small businesses and using online payment systems. It now generates more profit than Amazon and eBay combined.
Brochure serenity drive 2017v1
Nos ateliers de prévention des risques pour vous accompagnr dans l'organisaton de vos journées sécurité ou safety day.
sécurité routière, TMS, bien être en entreprise... partout en France
Viewers also liked (15)
Economic Fluctuation and Its Effects on Tourism in Kish Island, Iran
Economic Fluctuation and Its Effects on Tourism in Kish Island, Iran
Jack ma (alibaba) three sisters and a brother group project
Jack ma (alibaba) three sisters and a brother group project
Similar to Lichens Enrichment
B.sc. (micro) i em unit 3.2 algae
This document provides information about algae. It begins by defining algae as simple, eukaryotic phototrophs that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using chlorophyll a. It then discusses the distribution, morphology, and reproductive structures of algae. The document further delves into the different divisions of algae, including their vegetative structures, characteristics, and examples like green algae, brown algae, red algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates, and euglenoids. The document concludes by discussing the ecological importance of algae and providing an overview of slime molds.
additional topics for midterms.pptx
This document provides an overview of marine ecology. It begins by discussing ocean currents, including the factors that drive them and their influence on climate. It then describes the major types of marine organisms - nektonic, planktonic, and benthic. Microbes like bacteria, archaea, and protists are introduced. Primary producers like phytoplankton, seaweeds, and their characteristics are outlined. Finally, the document examines some invertebrate phyla found in marine ecosystems like sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, arthropods, and echinoderms.
Marine Invertebrate Essay
- Marine invertebrates make up around 97% of the world's described species and include corals, sea anemones, sea urchins, molluscs, crustaceans and worms.
- The essay argues that cnidarians are the most interesting marine invertebrate due to there being approximately 9,000 living species worldwide with a radical body plan and early fossil records dating back around 600 million years ago.
- Cnidarians include classes such as jellyfish, anemones, corals and have interesting features such as having no head end and their coelenteron only having one opening that serves as both mouth and anus.
lichens (2).PPT
Lichens are dual organisms consisting of a fungus and an algae or cyanobacteria in a symbiotic relationship. The fungus provides structure and protection while obtaining nutrients, while the algae or cyanobacteria performs photosynthesis. Lichens grow in various forms and can reproduce sexually through spores or asexually through soredia or isidia. Lichens play an important ecological role in extreme environments and are sensitive indicators of pollution.
Biological Oceanography
1. Plankton are microscopic aquatic organisms that drift or float in water currents. They include phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic organisms, and zooplankton, which are small animals.
2. Plankton range in size from microscopic picoplankton to larger macroplankton visible to the naked eye. They are classified by size into categories like nanoplankton, microplankton, and net plankton.
3. Plankton have adaptations that allow them to remain suspended in water such as small size, buoyancy aids, and shapes that increase drag and slow sinking. These adaptations are important for their survival and role in marine ecosystems and food we
2018_12_5_coralspost (1).pptx
Coastal ecosystems like coral reefs have high productivity and biodiversity due to dynamic spatial gradients in factors like salinity, temperature, light, and nutrients. Coral reefs specifically proliferate in warm, shallow, saline waters. Corals are colonial animals whose polyps secrete calcium carbonate to form hard structures over time. Corals have a symbiotic relationship with algae called zooxanthellae, which provide nutrients through photosynthesis. Corals reproduce both asexually through fragmentation and sexually through broadcast spawning or brooding.
Lichen General Characters by Dr D.Nagaraju
Lichens=(Algae+Fungi) Symbiotic Association (Phycobiont+ Mycobiont), Idealistic marriage, Pioneers species of Xerosere succession Shows Dual Nature, Trinity=(One Algae+Two Fungi), Natural farmers, it melt stone convert stone to soil particles
Overview of ecology.
The document provides an overview of ecology, focusing on marine benthic environments and zonation of coral reefs. It defines key ecological terms like organism, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere. It then describes the different zones of the marine benthic environment, including the littoral, sublittoral, bathyl, abyssal, and hadal zones. Finally, it discusses coral reefs, including the symbiotic relationship between corals and algae, types of corals, conditions required for coral reef growth, zonation patterns in coral reefs, and various human impacts.
Energy 2 biosphere
Notes on cycling of Energy and elements through the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, & lithosphere
Marine Ecosystems
The document summarizes several marine ecosystems and the organisms found within them. It describes plankton as organisms that cannot swim against ocean currents, including photosynthetic phytoplankton like diatoms, dinoflagellates, and cyanobacteria, as well as zooplankton that eat other organisms. It also discusses nekton that can swim against currents. Several ecosystems are outlined, such as the rocky intertidal zone, estuaries, coral reefs, the open ocean, deep sea hydrothermal vents, and the challenges of life in each.
Introductiontoalgalcharacteristicsanddiversity
This document provides an overview of a phycology and phycology lab course, including required textbooks, attendance policies, and syllabus details. The course will cover topics like algal taxonomy, growth, losses, and ecology. Students will learn about the diversity of algae including their structures, forms, habitats, and roles in ecosystems.
STS 8-Biodiversity.pptx
Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms on Earth. It exists at genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. The Philippines has high biodiversity due to its many endemic species found nowhere else. However, biodiversity faces threats like habitat loss, overexploitation, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts include laws to sustainably use and share benefits from biodiversity.
GE 6351 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
The document discusses different types of ecosystems including forest, grassland, desert, aquatic, and ocean ecosystems. It provides details on the structural components, functional attributes, and energy flow of each ecosystem type. For example, it notes that a forest ecosystem consists of trees and shrubs as producers, and primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers. It also describes the abiotic factors, trophic levels, and ecological pyramids that characterize different ecosystems.
Plankton.Lecture.1
The document discusses plankton, including phytoplankton and zooplankton. It defines plankton and describes the major groups that comprise it, such as phytoplankton including diatoms, dinoflagellates, green algae, and others. It also describes zooplankton groups like cnidarians, ctenophores, rotifers, and flatworms. The document provides details on the characteristics and examples of different plankton taxa.
Unit 3 contested planet biodiversity under threat
The document discusses biodiversity under threat. It defines biodiversity as the variety of genes, species, and ecosystems in an area. Biodiversity hotspots are areas with high species richness and endemism that face severe threats. Major threats include deforestation, overfishing, pollution, invasive species, mining and climate change. Managing biodiversity involves sustainable use below maximum sustainable yields and conserving biodiversity hotspots, keystone species, and ecosystems through protected areas and international cooperation.
Environment and Ecology_Unit 1_Notes.ppt
aktud fvvwe fvvdffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
Biological oceanography
1. Plankton are microscopic aquatic organisms that drift or float in marine and freshwater systems. They include phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic, and zooplankton, which feed on phytoplankton.
2. Plankton are classified in various ways, including by nutritional requirements (phyto- vs zooplankton), length of planktonic life (holo-, mero-, or tychoplankton), size (nano- to mega-plankton), and habitat (marine, brackish, or freshwater).
3. Primary productivity refers to the amount of carbon fixed by autotrophic plankton through photosynthesis. It
Biological oceanography
1. Plankton are microscopic aquatic organisms that drift or float in marine and freshwater systems. They include phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic, and zooplankton, which feed on phytoplankton.
2. Plankton are classified in many ways, including by nutritional requirements (phyto, zoo, sapro), length of planktonic life (holo, mero, tycho), size (ultra to mega), and habitat (marine, freshwater). The most important classifications are phytoplankton, which produce food via photosynthesis, and zooplankton, which consume phytoplankton.
3. Primary productivity refers
Fisheries
This document describes a study on the vertical zonation and composition of meiofauna in Rearing Pond 2 of the Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology. Meiofauna samples were collected from four stations at depths of 0-2cm, 2-4cm, 4-6cm, and 6-8cm below the sediment surface using a corer sampler. The samples were fixed with 5% formalin and sieved through 1mm and 250 micron meshes to extract the meiofauna. The goal of the study was to determine the meiofaunal composition and vertical distribution in the pond.
Lecture_1.ppt
1. Plants provide the foundation of life by producing oxygen, building soil, holding soil in place, moderating climate, holding water, and providing food, fuel, fiber and drugs for humans.
2. Important adaptations that enabled plants to live on land include developing mechanical strength for support, light-catching leaves, roots for anchoring and obtaining nutrients, stomata and cuticles to control water loss, and methods of reproduction and dispersal on dry land.
3. Major plant groups evolved over time in relationship to environmental changes. Early land plants included lycophytes and horsetails, which were later joined by seed plants including gymnosperms and later angiosperms, allowing colonization of new
Similar to Lichens Enrichment (20)
More from kvanbooven
Volunteer Awards Banquet 2016
The document appears to be a program for an awards presentation event. It includes:
- A schedule of events from 5:30pm to 8:00pm including mingling, appetizers, a potluck dinner, dessert, and an awards presentation.
- A list of award recipients for years of service including 5 years, 10 years, 15 years, 25 years, and 45 years.
- Quotes to be included in the awards presentation and thanks to past and present members of the VAC (Volunteer Advisory Council).
Maple Syruping Day 2016
Maple syruping is the process of tapping maple trees and collecting/boiling the sap to make syrup. Don Wendel took photos during a maple syruping day in 2016 that show the tapping of trees and collection of sap, as well as the boiling process to reduce the sap into syrup. The photos help document the annual tradition of maple syruping.
Volunteer Enrichment- Belwin Outing Fall 2015
Belwin Outdoor Science Center and Conservancy is hosting a volunteer outing in September 2015. Volunteers will help with various tasks like trail maintenance, invasive species removal, and habitat restoration. The outing is an opportunity for community members to support the Center's environmental education and land preservation efforts.
Winter Trail Guide Training 2016
Trail Guide Training for winter 2016 will provide guides with the skills needed for the season. Trainees will learn about avalanche safety, winter ecology, and techniques for navigating snowy terrain. The multi-day workshop in January covers essential winter outdoors knowledge and skills through lectures and hands-on practice.
Prairie Burn 2016
The WNC Prairie underwent a controlled burn in 2016. The burn was conducted to remove excess vegetation and woody debris that had accumulated, helping to restore the prairie habitat. Controlled or prescribed burns are an important management tool for maintaining native grasslands and prairies.
Volunteer Enrichment- Science Musuem of MN 2016
The volunteer outing on January 15th, 2016 toured several areas of the museum including the liquid storage room where biological specimens are preserved in jars, the collections room containing artifacts not currently on display, and Dick Oehlenschlager's lab where biological artifacts are preserved. They also visited the production shop where exhibits for the museum are made.
Summer Camp Assistant Training 2015
The document is about S.C.A.T. which took place in 2015 at the Warner Nature Center. It provides the location and year but no other details about what S.C.A.T is or what occurred. The document gives only basic identifying information without any explanatory context or events.
Bird Banding Spring 2015
This document provides photos and descriptions of various birds that were observed and banded during spring 2015 bird banding, including the American robin, cedar waxwing, American goldfinch, rose-breasted grosbeak, unidentified warbler, indigo bunting, unknown bird, common yellowthroat, clay-colored sparrow, and yellow warbler. Photographs were provided by Lucy Heegaard.
Volunteer Awards Banquet 2015
The volunteer banquet recognized volunteers who had served for 15, 20, and 45 years. Mary Messerli and Kay Sanders received awards for 15 years of service. Steve Mizuno and Gloria Peterson received awards for 20 years of service. Jane Wicklund received an award for 45 years of service. The banquet also recognized volunteers who had contributed 50-100 hours or over 100 hours in the past year with membership in the 50+ Hours Club or 100+ Hours Club.
Bird Hike ID
How many birds can you find along the trail from the bird banding stations to the road on the way to the blind?
2015 FrogWatch Volunteer Training
This document provides information about FrogWatch USA, a citizen science program that trains volunteers to monitor frogs and toads. It discusses amphibians and wetlands, the monitoring protocol, and how to become certified. Volunteers learn frog calls, collect data on species presence and abundance, and help scientists understand shifts in wetland health over time. The data helps protect sensitive amphibian species and their habitats.
Enrichment Hike to Wilder 2.2015
The document lists four locations - Otter Slide, The Barn, The Old Outpost - but provides no other details about these locations in February 2015.
Winter blizzard Blast 2015
A massive winter blizzard hit the region in 2015. The storm brought heavy snowfall, strong winds, and icy conditions that caused widespread power outages and transportation disruptions. This document expresses gratitude to all those who helped with emergency response and recovery efforts during and after the difficult storm.
Scat id
The document provides descriptions of animal scat from various wildlife found at Warner Nature Center to aid in identification. It describes the appearance, size, and contents of scat from rabbits, gray tree squirrels, foxes, fishers, coyotes, bobcats, deer, mink, turkeys, ruffed grouse, raccoons, mice, and white-tailed deer. The scat descriptions include details about shape, length, presence of fur or bones, and other distinguishing characteristics to differentiate between species.
More from kvanbooven (14)
Recently uploaded
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Presented by Alexandra Barthelmes at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyOverview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland managementGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Jan Peters at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and ActionImproving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Recently uploaded (20)
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Enhanced action and stakeholder engagement for sustainable peatland management
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Lichens Enrichment
- 1. Daniel Stanton Research Specialist University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Lichens!
- 2. What is a lichen?
- 3. Cladonia vulcani – a fructicose “reindeer lichen” Mycobiont: Cladonia vulcani [Myco = Fungus] Photobiont: Trebouxia excentrica [Photo =Light]
- 4. Fungi Algae Cyanobacteria Mycobiont “Fungal partner” Photobionts (one of both) “Algal partner” Lichen Symbioses
- 5. Lichens have evolved many different times
- 6. Yuan et al. 2005 Science 600 million year old lichen?
- 7. Prototaxites: a prehistoric giant lichen? www-news.uchicago.edu
- 8. Lichens have evolved many different times
- 10. Divided into tissues with (we think) different functions Cortex “bark”: Protection against drying and UV Photobiont layer: Photosynthesizing Medulla “marrow/pith”: Storing water
- 11. Growth forms ● Basic: – Crustose (flat, crusty) – Foliose (leafy) – Fruticose (3-D) ● Bonus: – Leprose – Squamulose – Bipartite – Byssoid – etc
- 12. Crustose
- 13. Foliose
- 14. Fruticose
- 17. Chimeric (alga and cyanobacteria)
- 19. Reproductive structures ● Sexual ● Asexual
- 20. Sexual Fungus-only Two common: – Apothecia (Disks) – Perithecia (Vases)
- 22. Asexual ● Fungus + Photobiont ● Specialized structures: – Soredia (Powder balls) – Isidia (Fingers) ● Fragmentation Santessonia cervicornis
- 23. Identifying lichens ● Morphology – Thallus shape – Cilia – Reproductive structures ● Color ● Chemistry – Spot tests – Thin Layer Chromatography ● Spores
- 24. Lichen physiology ● Desiccation tolerance (different from drought tolerance)
- 27. Atmospheric water sources ● Fog ● Dew ● Humid Air
- 28. Lichen shape responds to fog Fog frequency Stanton and Horn, 2013, The Bryologist
- 29. • Antarctica: 2 plant species, over 350 lichen species! Where Do Lichens Live? Lichens dominate more land surface than tropical rain forests. Present in all types of land ecosystems – deserts to rainforests, poles to tropics. Most abundant in extreme environments (high/low temp, low precip, high light). Parmelia sulcata
- 36. Lichens in space Elegant Sunburst Lichen (bright orange lichen on rocks on the North Shore) survived 18 months in outer space!
- 39. Lichen Growth • Typically very slow = mm/yr – why? • Depend on air and rain for all nutrients (no roots). • No outer cuticle layer = very sensitive to moisture changes. • Being poikilohydric/thermic, growth is opportunistic.
- 40. Pollution & Lichen Distributions
- 41. Cislaghi and Nimi 1997 Nature Lichen diversity is a good indicator of air quality and health risks
- 42. National Lichens and Air Quality Database http://gis.nacse.org/lichenair
- 44. Roles of lichens in ecosystems ● Soil formation ● Nitrogen fixation ● Microclimate impacts ● Forage ● Materials
- 47. “Maicillo”
- 49. ● Biological soil crusts
- 51. ● Forage lichens: – Elk – Reindeer – Voles – Snub-nosed monkeys
- 53. Human uses for lichens ● Dyes ● Food ● Medicine ● Other? Evernia spp. Perfume fixative
- 56. ● Famine foods ● Local specialties ● Additives ● Sugar production Edible lichens
- 57. Dyes ● Orchil/Cudbear ● Litmus ● Protousnea
- 58. Lichens in Minnesota ● Bruce Fink's 1910 Lichens of Minnesota ● Clifford Wetmore
- 59. A few common species
- 60. Cladonia
- 61. Cladonia
- 63. Cladonia
- 69. Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia http://lichenportal.org/portal/taxa/index.php?taxon=54737&taxauthid=1#
- 71. On Trees
- 72. Flavoparmelia caperata Common Greenshield
- 78. Evernia mesomorpha Oak Moss http://www.waysofenlichenment.net
- 79. Usnea