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ECOLOGY, its systems and disturbances
- 3. E C O L O G Y •is the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment.
- 4. GRASS (producer) GRASSHOPPER (primary consumer) BLUE BIRD (secondary consumer) SNAKE (tertiary consumer) OWL (apex predator) MUSHROOM (decomposers) FOOD CHAIN at a WOODLAND
- 6. FOREST
- 9. BEDROOM
- 11. ECOSYSTEM An ecosystem includes all of the living things (plants, animals and organisms) in a given area, interacting with each other, and also with their non-living environments (weather, earth, sun, soil, climate, atmosphere). Ecosystems are the foundations of the Biosphere and they determine the health of the entire earth system.
- 13. BIOSPHERE is largest and all-encompassing ecosystem.I.
- 14. MEGA ECOSYSTEM
- 15. Marine ecosystems is related to saline water environment, such as oceans and seas
- 16. Fresh-waterecosystems as in rivers and lakes
- 17. Semi-terrestrial ecosystems related to wet soil and air
- 18. Terrestrial ecosystems related to aerated soil and air, such as forests, grasslands, deserts,
- 19. Urban-industrial ecosystems that are man-made ecosystems, such as cities, cropland etc.
- 20. MACRO, MESO AND MICRO ECOSYSTEMS. A forest ecosystem is a macro division, a deciduous broad- leaf forest along with its fauna falls within the meso division, while a mountain deciduous broad-leaf forest falls within the micro division.
- 21. NANO-ECOSYSTEMS are even smaller ecosystems that are specially contained within larger ecosystems but have individual characteristics.
- 22. Depending on the level of human interference and the degree of the impact of anthropogenic activities, ecosystems can also be classified into —
- 23. Natural Ecosystems which are self-regulating systems, without much direct interference by humans. They include ecosystems such as forest, grassland, desert, sea, ocean, estuarine, lake, river coral reef etc.
- 24. Artificial Ecosystems or man- engineered ecosystems such as in cities, irrigated croplands, greenhouses, and, recently, in biotic ecosystems — canopied, air- conditioned, vegetative places where scientists live and grow crops and fruits for 2 or 3 months out of touch of the world. These experiments are conducted for future living in other planets or the man.
- 26. Ecological balance is a term describing how ecosystems are organized in a state of stability where species coexist with other species and with their environment.
- 29. Conditions under which natural disturbances occur are influenced mainly by: CLIMATE WEATHER LOCATION
- 30. •Disturbances are evaluated based on their frequency and severity or intensity. •Ecosystem that can endure a disturbance and experience only a small impact are said to be RESISTANT. •RESILIENCE is measure of how quickly an ecosystem returns to its original state following a disturbance
- 36. SUCCESSION
- 37. is the process through which a natural community of plants and animals changes after a disturbance. ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION is a severe disturbances that can cause permanent changes to a community and initiate a predictable series of change. SUCCESSION
- 39. PRIMARY SUCCESSION Occurs in essentially lifeless areas-regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier.
- 40. SECONDARY SUCCESSION Is the series of community changes which take place on a previously colonized , but disturbed or damage habitat.
- 41. Never believe that a few caring people can't change the world. For, indeed, that's all who ever have. -Margaret Mead