This document discusses plant ecology. It begins by defining plant ecology as the study of plant distributions, abundances, and interactions with the environment. It notes that plant ecology developed within the wider field of ecology in the 20th century. Biomes are determined by climate, mostly temperature and precipitation, and follow latitudinal trends. Plant ecology is important because plants supply food and oxygen, recycle matter, provide many products for human use, and create habitats for other organisms. The effects of plant ecology can be physical (on light, temperature, water, air) or human-related (acid rain, ozone thinning, deforestation, global warming). Photosynthesis, trophic levels, and soil formation are positive effects, while climate

1. Presented By
Avishek Das
Roll No- 08
M.Sc (2nd Semester)

2. The term "ecology" was first used by the German biologist Ernst
Haeckel in 1886.
Ecology (from Greek word ”Oikos”, "house" or "living relations";
“Logos”, "study of") is the branch of biology. Ecology is the
scientific study of the distributions, abundance and relations of
organisms and their interactions with the environment. Ecology
includes the study of plant and animal populations, plant and animal
communities and ecosystem.
Ecology can also be classified-----------
The primary kinds of organism under study is two type of Ecology ,
e.g. 1. Animal Ecology, 2. Plant Ecology
Animal Ecology
Plant Ecology
IMPORTANCE OF ECOLOGY
1. It helps in environmental conservation
2. Enhances energy conservation
4. Promotes eco-friendliness
5. Aids in disease and pest control
WHAT IS ECOLOGY AND IT’S IMPORTANCE

3. Plant ecology has its origin in the application of Plant Physiology.Carl Ludwiq
Willdenow was one of the first to note that similar climates produced similar types
of vegetation, even when they were located in different parts of the world.
Willdenow's student , Alexander von Humboldt, used physiognomy to describe
vegetation types and observed that the distribution vegetation types was based on
environmental factors.
Plant ecology developed within the wider discipline of ecology over the twentieth
century. among themWilliam S. Cooper , E. Lucy Braun ect.

4. Plant ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology which studies the distribution and
abundance of plants, the effects of environmental factors upon the abundance
of plants, and the interactions among and between plants and other
organisms.
WHAT IS PLANT ECOLOGY?

5. World biomes are based upon the type of
dominant plant.
Plant distributions is governed by a combination
of historical factors, ecophysiology and biotic
interactions.
Plant communities are broadly distributed into
biomes based on the form of the dominant plant
species. For example, grasslands are dominated
by grasses, while forests are dominated by trees.
Biomes are determined by regional climates,
mostly temperature and precipitation, and follow
general latitudinal trends.
DISTRIBUTION

6. IMPORTANCE OF PLANT ECOLOGY
Plants supply food to nearly all terrestrial organisms, including humans. We eat either plants or other
organisms that eat plants.
Plants maintain the atmosphere. They produce oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration for all aerobic organisms. It also maintains the ozone layer that
helps protect Earth’s life from damaging UV radiation. Removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
reduces the greenhouse effect and global warming.
Plants recycle matter in biogeochemical cycles. For example, through transpiration, plants move enormous
amounts of water from the soil to the atmosphere. Plants such as peas host bacteria that fix nitrogen. This
makes nitrogen available to all plants, which pass it on to consumers.
Plants provide many products for human use, such as firewood, timber, fibers, medicines, dyes, pesticides,
oils, and rubber.
Plants create habitats for many organisms. A single tree may provide food and shelter to
many species of insects, small animals, birds, etc.

7. EFFECTS OF PLANT ECOLOGY
Two types of effect of plant ecology.They are in below-
PHYSICAL EFFECT
Light
Temperature
Rainfall and Water
Air
1. Positive Effect
2. Negative Effect
NEGATIVE EFFECT

8. HUMAN FACTOR
Acid rain
The thinning ozone
Global warming
Deforestation

9. POSITIVE EFFECT
How do plants affect the environment
1.Photosynthesis
2.Trophic levels
3.Plants help make and preserve soil
4.Other Environmental issues
Forestry is another industry which is hurting plants and food chains all over the planet.
In the Congo, thousands of acres of rainforest are being cut down every year to produce
paper and paper products.This is greatly affecting the mountain Gorilla that use the
forest as their homes.
Climate change is also affecting plants on a large scale. Many plants in the world
require a certain range of temperature and humidity to live.
Photosynthesis
Trophic levels

10. How do plants affect Human Life
Plants Clean the Air
Plants Are Our Food
Plants Are Used For Medicine
Plants Become Shelter

11. WEBLIOGRAPHY
1. http://www.cropsreview.com/climatic-factors.html