Lets design a garden city
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Presentation from the workshop 'Let's Design a Garden City' facilitated by James PIers Taylor at the 2014 London Permaculture Festival.
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The document summarizes the concept and design of Letchworth Garden City, the world's first garden city located in Hertfordshire, England. It was inspired by Ebenezer Howard's book "Garden Cities of To-Morrow" and aimed to blend the benefits of town and country living. Some key points:
- Designed by Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin for 35,000 people across 5,000 acres, surrounded by a 1,300-acre greenbelt.
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The document discusses Ebenezer Howard's garden city concept, which aimed to address problems with both urban and rural living. The garden city model proposed self-contained communities of around 32,000 residents surrounded by greenbelt, with different zones including a central park. The concept emphasized strong communities, planned growth, and environmental quality. Howard published his ideas in 1898, and the garden city movement influenced planning around the world. Canberra, Australia is cited as one city that strongly embraced garden city principles in its design in the 1920s.
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- Designed by Barry Parker and Raymond Unwin for 35,000 people across 5,000 acres, surrounded by a 1,300-acre greenbelt.
- Sought to address overcrowding and poverty in cities through planned towns with housing, industry, and preserved agricultural land.
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Ebenezer Howard's 1898 publication "Garden Cities of Tomorrow" proposed a model for planned, self-contained communities that combined the advantages of urban and rural living. He envisioned cities of 32,000 residents with wide roads, separate zones for housing, industry and commerce, and abundant public parks integrated with the natural landscape. Howard intended these "garden cities" to remedy overcrowding and other problems facing large cities while preserving the benefits of both urban and rural life. The book served as a blueprint for the garden city movement and influenced planned communities around the world.
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Ebenezer Howard proposed the concept of the Garden City in his 1898 book "Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Reform". He envisioned self-sufficient, planned towns surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living. Letchworth Garden City, built starting in 1903, was the world's first example based on Howard's principles, including housing arranged in neighborhoods, abundant green spaces, and separation of residential and industrial areas. The document provides historical context on the development of Garden Cities and includes maps, photographs and descriptions of Letchworth Garden City.
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Ebenezer Howard proposed the garden city concept as a solution to problems in late 19th century cities. He envisioned self-sufficient towns of around 30,000 people, surrounded by greenbelts, that combined the benefits of town and country living without their drawbacks. Letchworth Garden City, built in 1903, was the first to implement Howard's ideas of concentric design and separation of housing, industry and agriculture. The garden city movement aimed to reform urban planning and integrate people more with nature.
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lecture one (1).pptx
Urban planning aims to provide an organized spatial structure for activities and land uses. Ebenezer Howard proposed the "Garden City" concept with self-contained towns of 32,000 residents surrounded by greenbelts. Le Corbusier envisioned high-density "Radiant Cities" with segregated zones for housing, work, and recreation connected by transportation infrastructure. Both aimed to address issues of overcrowding and pollution in industrial cities by proposing new models for urban form and design.
Urban planning theories
Urban planning theories have evolved over time in response to changes in populations, economies, and technologies. Early theories focused on orderly city layouts with separate zones. Hippodamus proposed dividing cities into public and private areas with grids. Howard's Garden Cities aimed to blend urban and rural advantages. Geddes emphasized relationships between people and environments. Later, modernist planners like Le Corbusier proposed high-density "Radiant Cities." Burgess' concentric zone model depicted socio-economic groups arranged in circles. Perry's neighborhood unit promoted walkable communities. Today, multiple nuclei and sector theories recognize dispersed growth around transportation networks.
what is town planning.ppsx
The document discusses the history and concepts of town planning. It begins with definitions of town planning as ordering land use and development to achieve efficiency, convenience and beauty. It describes Ebenezer Howard's garden city concept from 1898 as aiming to combine benefits of town and country living. Key aspects included limited size, greenbelt, and social/economic planning. Letchworth (1903) was among the first garden cities applied based on these principles. Patrick Geddes and Clarence Perry also contributed new concepts, emphasizing regional surveys and neighborhood units. Radburn, New Jersey (1928) applied principles like separating vehicles and pedestrians.
course 30/6 Maria Kaika
The document discusses the relationship between nature and cities in modernity. It explores how modernism constructed two types of nature - evil/bad nature and divine/good nature. It also discusses two constructions of cities - as cancers draining resources, and as assets with environmental and cultural benefits. The document then examines how 19th century industrial cities struggled with pollution and public health issues. It outlines four main approaches modernist planning used to resolve the nature/city relationship: controlling bad nature in cities, taking cities into nature through urban utopias, bringing good nature into cities, and taking city dwellers into nature.
Garden cities
Ebenezer Howard proposed the Garden City movement to address problems with cities and rural life. He envisioned self-sufficient, planned communities that blended the best of urban and rural living. His influential book Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform outlined a model garden city of 32,000 residents surrounded by a greenbelt. The first realizations were Letchworth Garden City in 1903 and Welwyn Garden City in 1920, which aimed to apply Howard's principles of balanced communities integrated with nature.
Patrick Geddes
Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner known as the "Father of Modern Town Planning". He introduced concepts like the "region" in architecture and planning. Geddes believed that a region influences and is influenced by the cities within it, represented by his "Geddian Trio" of activity, work, and place. He coined the term "conurbation" to describe merged cities and regions influenced by new transportation technologies. Some of Geddes' plans included the master plan for Tel Aviv which emphasized pedestrians, greenery, and civic spaces. He also developed the "constellation theory" of regional planning around groupings of interconnected cities.
Ebenzer Howard, palak, anmol , harsh.pptx
Sir Ebenezer Howard was influential in founding the garden city movement in the late 19th century. He published "Garden Cities of To-morrow" in 1898, which outlined his vision for planned, self-contained communities that blended the best aspects of urban and rural living. The book proposed towns surrounded by greenbelts that would have industry, agriculture, and housing integrated together in a way to improve lives. The first garden cities realized based on Howard's principles were Letchworth and Welwyn in England in the early 1900s.
Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptx
Garden City Concept,
Definition,
Components of garden city,
Features of garden city,
Concept of garden City,
garden city Principles,
Three magnets,
garden city movement,
PRINCIPLES OF GARDEN CITY,
FEATURES OF GARDEN CITY,
Walwyn , Garden City,
Pictorial Views of Garden city,
Origin of urban planning
Urban planning has its origins in ancient civilizations like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro which had deliberately planned cities. In classical times, Greek philosophers like Hippodamus laid out cities in orthogonal grids. During medieval times, many new towns were built in Europe to gain power. In the 19th century, overcrowded industrial cities led to new ideas like Ebenezer Howard's Garden Cities which proposed self-sufficient towns surrounded by greenbelts. In the 20th century, planners like Le Corbusier proposed concepts like the Radiant City with high density apartment blocks separated by open spaces. Chandigarh was influenced by these ideas and became a model new town in post-colonial India
Module 2.pdf
The document provides information about various modern era town planners like Sir Patrick Geddes, Sir Ebenezer Howard, Clarence Stein, Sir Patrick Abercrombie, and Le Corbusier. It discusses their key contributions, including Geddes' concept of regional planning, Howard's garden city movement and three magnet diagram, Stein's neighborhood unit concept, Abercrombie's post-war planning of London and other cities, and Le Corbusier's design of Chandigarh. It also covers principles of neighborhood design and classification and distribution of settlements in India.
1 Intro To Urban Geography
1. Early humans were hunter-gatherers but began transitioning to sedentary agriculture and permanent settlements starting 10,000 years ago in places like Catal Huyuk in Turkey and Jericho in Jordan.
2. The development of cities and civilizations was driven by favorable conditions for domesticating plants and animals. This led to more complex societies with specialized labor.
3. The Industrial Revolution in Britain in the late 1700s increased urbanization as manufacturing grew and people migrated to cities for work, leading to population booms and the rise of the first industrial cities like Manchester.
The New Historic City
What future for high streets in historic cities? This presentation for RSA Fellows in northwest England and the Cheshire Society of Architects examines the links between high streets, heritage, belonging and possible economic futures.
What Kind of Place Is This?
Discussion of the Cosmic, Machine and Organic urban forms and what they reveal about the societies that built them.
Fina ldoxidas
C.A Doxiadis was a Greek architect and town planner known for developing the theory of Ekistics and designing the new capital city of Islamabad in Pakistan. Some key points of his work:
- He founded the science of Ekistics to study human settlements of all scales, from villages to cities to regions, and how they evolve over time. This aimed to build optimized cities for humans.
- His theory analyzed factors like geography, growth, organization, and internal/external structures that influence human settlements. It also established a hierarchy of rural villages up to larger urban areas.
- Doxiadis designed Islamabad as the new capital of Pakistan in the 1950s based on Ekistic principles
Cosmic, Machine And Organic Cities
A discussion of the Cosmic, Machine and Organic city forms and what those say about their inhabitants and developers.
cppi 1.pptx
The document discusses satellite towns and Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement. It defines satellite towns as towns that are under the influence of a larger parent city but have their own identity. Features of satellite towns include local government and connections to the parent city via transportation. Howard's garden city movement proposed limiting city sizes and incorporating greenbelts, agriculture, and industry into planned, self-contained communities surrounded by nature. Letchworth and Welwyn Garden City in the UK were early examples built using Howard's garden city principles.
Similar to Lets design a garden city (20)
Neighborhood and their concepts, garden city and satellite Town-3.pdf
Neighborhood and their concepts, garden city and satellite Town-3.pdf
Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptx
Lec- 13a GARDEN CITY CONCEPT OF TOWN PLANNING.pptx
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
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学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Manitoba毕业证书)曼尼托巴大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
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Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
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Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
RoHS stands for Restriction of Hazardous Substances, which is also known as t...
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Environment Conservation Rules 2023 (ECR)-2023.pptx
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Lessons from operationalizing integrated landscape approaches
Lets design a garden city
- 1. Let’s Design a Garden City
- 2. ‘The advantages of the most energetic and active town life, with all the beauty and delight of the country, may be secured in perfect combination’ Ebenezer Howard, To-Morrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform, 1898
- 3. Garden Cities economically independent cities with short commute times and the preservation of the countryside. Garden Suburbs built on the outskirts of large cities with no sections of industry. Dependent on reliable transport allowing workers to commute into the city.
- 5. ‘cities must import resources, a process also known as conquest, colonialism, and these days, the global economy' - Derrick Jensen, Endgame
- 6. ‘Cities take… 2% of the Earth’s surface but use at least 80% of all energy. If we cannot make our cities more sustainable they could easily become our coffins rather than our ark’ – Leo Hollis, Cities are Good for You; The Genius of the Metropolis