The document discusses neighborhood unit planning, satellite towns, and garden cities as concepts for urban planning. It defines each concept and compares satellite towns and garden cities. The key points are: 1. Neighborhood unit planning aims to create self-contained residential areas centered around schools, parks, and shops that minimize traffic hazards for pedestrians. 2. Satellite towns are residential areas located outside a parent city that provide housing but remain dependent on the parent city for services and employment. 3. Garden cities are self-contained, planned communities surrounded by greenbelts that balance residential, industrial, and agricultural land uses within a limited population size. 4. Compared to satellite towns, garden cities are

1. CE-210
Introduction to Architecture and
Urban Planning
Lecture 3
By
Engr. Muhammad Waseem
Lecturer Department of Civil Engineering
UET, Jalozai Campus
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2. Outlines
1. What is Neighborhood
Unit Plan?
2. Satellite town
3. Garden City
4. Comparison between
Satellite town & Garden
City
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3. Idea of Neighborhood Unit Plan
➢ The necessity for a formula such as this was attributed to the rise
of the auto-mobile in the early 20th century.
➢ During a period where road sense had not yet amalgamated with
the social conscious, and many of the urban tools we now use to
manage the threat posed by vehicular traffic did not exist, or were
not in abundance (such as pedestrian crossings, traffic lights and
road signs), developing cities such as New York, which embraced
the motor car, suffered street fatality rates in excess of one child
a day.
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4. What is Neighborhood Unit Plan?
➢ The Neighborhood unit planning brief is the effort to create
residential neighborhood to meet the needs of family life in a
unit related to the larger whole but possessing a distinct entity
characterized by six factors
▪ A child need not cross traffic streets on the way to school.
▪ A centrally located elementary school which will be within easy
walking distance, no more than one and a half mile from the
farthest dwelling.
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5. What is Neighborhood Unit Plan?
▪ A house wife can walk to a shopping center to obtain daily household
groceries.
▪ Convenient transportation to and from the workplace.
▪ Scattered neighborhood parks and playgrounds to comprise about
10% of the whole area.
▪ A residential environment with harmonious architecture, careful
planting, centrally located community buildings, and special internal
street system with deflection of all through traffic preferably on
thorough fares which bound and clearly set off neighborhood.
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6. What is Neighborhood Unit Plan?
➢ The neighborhood concept is arguably one of the major planning
landmarks that shaped the urban form of the twentieth century city
in many countries.
➢ Two Concepts of Neighborhood Plan
1. Clarence Stein and Henry Wright
2. Clarence Arthur Perry
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7. Stein and Wright Concept
➢ The urban design principles of Stein and Wright included the idea
of a superblock of residential units grouped around a central
green, the separation of vehicles and pedestrians, and a road
hierarchy with cul-de-sac for local access roads.
➢ A cluster of superblocks was to form a self-contained
neighborhood.
➢ A group of neighborhoods would then comprise the city.
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9. Stein and
Wright
Concept
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11. Clarence Arthur Perry Concept

12. Clarence Arthur Perry Concept
➢ For Perry the physical arrangement of the elementary school,
small parks and playgrounds, and local shops was the basis of
his neighborhood idea.
➢ Each neighborhood was to be a unit of the city.
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13. Principles of Perry Neighborhood concept
➢ Centre the school in the neighborhood so that a child's walk to
school was only about one-quarter of a mile and no more than
one half mile and could be achieved without crossing a major
arterial street.
➢ Place arterial streets along the perimeter so that they define and
distinguish the "place" of the neighborhood.
➢ Should eliminate unwanted through-traffic and not to pass
through the heart of the neighborhood
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14. Principles of Perry Neighborhood concept
➢ Design internal streets using a hierarchy that easily distinguishes
local streets from arterial streets. Avoid through traffic for
pedestrian safety Cul-de-sac Pattern
➢ Restrict local shopping areas to the perimeter or perhaps to the
main entrance of the neighborhood
➢ Dedicate at least 10 percent of the neighborhood land area to
parks and open space, creating places for play and community
interaction"
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15. Principles of
Perry
Neighborhood
concept
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16. Redburn New Jersey
➢ Coincidently, both the neighborhood idea of Clarence Stein and
Henry Wright, exemplified in their plan for Redburn, and the
Neighborhood Unit idea of Clarence Perry were published in
1929.
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24. The Satellite town & Garden City
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25. Satellite Town
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26. Definitions
➢ Satellite Town is basically a residential area
along with basic needs of life, located outside
the parent city.
➢ New Town planned and built to serve a
particular local industry, or overspill town for
people who work in a nearby metropolis.

27. More comprehensive definition
➢ Town, self-contained and limited in size, built in the vicinity
of a large town or city to house and employ those who would
otherwise create a demand for expansion of the existing
settlement, but dependent on the parent-city to a certain
extent for population and major services.

28. General Concept:
Parent City
Satellite Town

29. Why Satellite Town???........
The term satellite is used to indicate a body under the influence of a
more powerful body but possessing its own identity.

30. Characteristics of Satellite Town
➢ It is located outside the green belt of main city.
➢ It is physically separated from the parent city by rural
territory.
➢ It is partially independent from that metropolis
economically and socially.
➢ It is not self sufficient & depends on parent city.
➢ It is residential area having local shops & school for
children etc.

31. Characteristics of Satellite Town
➢ It is connected to the parent city by roads or
highways.
➢ A satellite town has its own local government &
corporation life etc.
➢ Although it is complete town , but is also not like a
village or suburb.
➢ As it is only residential area , so it has no zoning.
➢ It size and development are controlled in such a way
that it does not become a rival to the parent city.

32. Disadvantage
➢ The main disadvantage of satellite town is the necessity of
long journey for the people of town to go to the parent city for
different needs, however this drawback of satellite town may
be overcome by an efficient transport.

33. Reference of Hadith
Saying of Muhammad (SAW) about that satellite town
is,
“If the population of certain city exceeds certain limit
so that it is out of control, a new city should be
constructed in nearby of the original city so as to
minimize the load on original city.
If it is not done ,there will be high rate of crime, the
characters values will be destroy and the life of
people will become difficult and full of miseries”.

34. The Garden City

35. The Garden City
The garden city movement is a method of urban planning
that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the
United Kingdom.
Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained
communities surrounded by "greenbelts" (parks),
containing proportionate areas of residences, industry
and agriculture

36. Background
➢ The Garden City Concept was introduced to reduce and solve
social problems and to reduce load on existing city.
➢ The problems occurred, as more and more farmers became
workers in the factories. The living conditions became worse, due
to the fact that many workers' settlements were located next to the
industrial areas or within the cities.

37. Garden city…England

38. The basic idea
Inspired by the Utopian novel Looking Backward, Howard published
his book To-morrow: a Peaceful Path to Real Reform in 1898
(which was reissued in 1902 as Garden Cities of Tomorrow)

39. Can be a possibility

40. Howard idealization of the idea
His idealized garden city would house 32,000 people on a site
of 6,000 acres (2,400 ha), planned on a concentric pattern
with open spaces, public parks and six radial boulevards,
120 ft (37 m) wide, extending from the center.
The garden city would be self-sufficient and when it reached
full population, another garden city would be developed
nearby.
Howard envisaged a cluster of several garden cities as
satellites of a central city of 50,000 people, linked by road
and rail.

41. A boulevard
A boulevard (French)often
abbreviated Blvd, is type of
road, usually a wide, multi-lane
arterial road, divided with a
median down the center, and
roadways along each side
designed as slow travel and
parking lanes and for bicycle
and pedestrian usage, often
with an above-average quality
of landscaping and scenery.

42. A comprehensive definition
➢ A garden city is a town designed for healthy living and industry;
of a size that makes possible a full measure of social life; but not
larger; surrounded by a rural belt; the whole of the land being in
public ownership or held in trust for the community.

43. The 3 Magnets

44. • Ebenezer Howard mentioned the advantages and
disadvantages of town life and city life on the respective
two magnets, namely, town magnet and country magnet.
• On the third magnet he wrote the attractive features of
town life and country life and posed the problem, where
will the people go?
• These attractive features were natural beauty, bright
homes and gardens, low rents, no slums, no smoke and
social opportunity.
The Idea of Three Magnets

45. The Garden city structure
➢ The Garden City consists of different zones, street types and
green part.
➢ The core is in the centre contains a central park, surrounded
by a commercial, cultural and administrative zone.
➢ Here, the idea of the shopping mall came up, as Howard
wanted to develop a " Crystal palace" where goods such as
hand craft produced by the inhabitants could be sold protected
from weather.
➢ During the weekends the core was supposed to be the cultural
and recreational centre.

46. The Garden city structure
➢ Six magnificent boulevards connect the centre with the
circumference, dividing the city into six parts.
➢ Every family has a house of a minimum size of 6m x
30m with a shared or owned garden.
➢ Social infrastructure (i.e. schools) is located along the
Grand Avenue .
➢ The outer ring is supposed for small scale industries and
manufactories to keep the inhabitants away from
emission and a green belt and a circle railway mark the
border to the countryside.

47. The Garden city structure

48. Features of a Garden city
➢ Open spaces and gardens around all houses and factory buildings.
➢ Population neither too small nor too large (Howard’s limit b/w
30,000 to 40,000).
➢ City is owned by all citizens on co-operative basis.
➢ Independent and have its own civic life and afford all daily needs.
➢ Self sufficient unit having its own industries.
➢ Surrounded by green belt.
➢ Need not have rapid transit arrangement.
➢ Principles of zoning strictly applied

49. A Practical application
➢ Howard was fortunate enough to apply his theory in actual
practice.
➢ In 1903, the first garden city was planned 48km from London at
Letch worth.
➢ The area was 1527 hectares.
➢ It was steadily grown with great success. It contains 8500 houses,
95 factories and more than 28000 people

50. Letch worth

51. Letch worth

52. Letch worth community

53. Comparison of garden city and satellite
towns.

54. S.No Feature Garden cities Satellite towns
1 Dependence Self-sufficient unit Depend on the
parent city
2 Gardens Around all houses
and factories
Not compulsory
3 Green belt Surrounded by
green belt
Situated outside
green belt of the
parent city
4 Industries Permitted Not permitted
5 Rapid transit
arrangement
Not necessary Necessary in the
form of local trains
and buses
6 Zoning Essential May or may not have

55. Bahria Town Rawalpindi
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56. Bahria Town Karachi
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57. Bahria Town Karachi
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58. Bahria Town Lahore
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59. Bahria Town Karachi
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60. Assignment task
➢ Keeping in view the situation in Urban Peshawar what is the best
option. A satellite town or a garden city?

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