The Khilafat Movement was a religio-political movement started by Muslims in British India in 1919 to protect the Turkish caliphate. Led by the Ali brothers and Maulana Azad, its key objectives were to maintain the Turkish caliphate and Ottoman Empire and protect Islamic holy places. Gandhi supported the movement and proposed a non-cooperation program. However, the movement ended in 1924 when Mustafa Kemal abolished the caliphate in Turkey. While it initially united Hindus and Muslims, the movement's failure eventually led to mistrust between the communities.

1. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT (1919-24)
Lecture no 09

2. Khilafat Movement
• Khilafat movement was a religo-political movement which
was stated by Muslims of British India for the protection of
Turkish caliphate.
Caliphate
• Islamic political system of governance.
• The system in which state rules under Islamic laws.

3. Background
1. Indian Muslims Attachment with Ottoman Sultans
2. Turkish Participation in WWI (1914-18) on the side of the Axis
Powers against British and her Allies.
3. Silk Letter Movement (1915-16)
4. Defeat of Turkey in WWI (1918)
5. Rowlatt Act (March 1919)
6. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre (April 1919)
7. Treaty of Sevres 1920

4. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT & ITS OBJECTIVES
 5 July 1919, “All India Khilafat Committee” was formed.
 17 Oct 1919, first “Khilafat Day” was observed.
 Ali brothers and Maulana Azad took the leadership.
 Main objectives of the Movement:
I. To maintain the Turkish Caliphate
II. To protect the holy places of the Muslims
III. To maintain the unity of Ottoman Empire

5. Non-Cooperation Movement & Khilafat Movement
Gandhi joined hands with Khilafates Leaders (1920) and proposed
following Non-Cooperation Program:
1. Surrender of all the British titles.
2. Refusal to attend any government function.
3. Withdrawal of all students from schools and colleges.
4. Boycott of the British law courts by lawyers.
5. No service by Indians in the British army in Mesopotamia.
6. No participation in coming election either as electors or as
candidates.

6. Khilafat Movement
End of the Khilafat Movement
 The Mopla uprising in Madras to create a “Caliphate state”.
 Chauri Chaura Incident in Up (5 Feb 1922). 22 Policemen were
burnt alive.
 Gandhi withdrew his support.

7. HIJRAT MOVEMENT
 India was declared as Dar-ul-Harab. And two courses were
proposed; either Jihad or Hijrat.
 1920, Hijrat Movement started.

8. Turkey & Khilafat Movement:
 Nov 1923, Mustafa Kemal was successful in his struggle against
the Greeks and he deposed the Sultan of Turkey.
 March 1924, Kemal abolished Khilafat.
 Khilafat Movement ultimately led to the end in India.

9. IMPACTS OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT
Positive Impacts
• It united the Hindus and Muslims, and it showed that the Indians
were not ready to accept the British rule.
• It made them realize that they were in power and were not the
PETS of British.
• It made it clear that British only wanted Muslims on their side
when they need them and were actually not willing to give any
favors to the Muslims.
Negative Impacts
• Many Muslims had given up their jobs and students had given up
their education as boycott in 1920.
• At the end of khilafat Movement, Gandhi had left the support
which caused mistrust between Hindus and Muslims.
• Rioting started between the two communities and it was proven
that Muslims and Hindus could not work together.