The Khilafat Movement was launched in 1919 by Muslims in British India to influence the British government and protect the Ottoman Empire after World War 1. It gained support when the Ottoman Empire faced losing territory. Congress initially cooperated with Khilafat leaders to demand self-rule for India. However, the movement weakened as Muslims disagreed on supporting Congress, Khilafat, or the Muslim League. It ultimately collapsed in 1924 when the Ottoman caliphate was abolished by Kemal Ataturk's secular Turkish government. While failing its goal, Khilafat had lasting impacts like strengthening Muslim political identity and the two-nation theory in India.

1. National University of Modern Languages
Topic
Khilafat Movement & Congress Corporation
Name: AHMAD KAMAL
Class: BSCS 1st Semester (MOR)
Department: IT
Sys ID: BSCS-MS14-ID086

2. 1
Submitted To: Sir Khalil
Contents
Sr. # Events Page#
i. Introduction 2
ii. Background 2
iii. Historical Perspective
 Ottoman Empire
 Khilafat in South Asia
 Collapse of Khilafat Movement
2
2,3
3
3,4
iv. Objective of Khilafat Movement 4
v. Turk Nationalist Movement 5
vi. Congress Corporation in Khilafat
Movement
5,6
vii. Chaura Chauri Incident 6
viii. Result of Khilafat Movement 6,7
ix. Strategic Analysis 7,8
x. Conclusion 8

3. 2
xi. Bibliography 9
I. INTRODUCTION:
The Khilafat movement was started by Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, both
brothers, Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, Hasrat Mohani and Dr. Mukhtar Ahmad Ansari. It
was started in 1919 to support the Ottoman Caliphate and was short lived, ending in 1924
by the overthrow of the Caliph by Kemal Ataturk in Turkey. It was briefly supported by
Gandhi as an alliance of sorts was formed to gain Indian independence which was then
Part of the British Raj. Khilafat movement was launched by Muslims of South Asia to force
British government to protect the Ottoman Empire after World War1.
II. BACKGROUND:
After the First World War in 1918, British and its allied powers decided to divide Turkey
among themselves. Turkey supported Germany in the First World War. Germany lost the
war and Turkey had to face the music. British and its allies also resolved to dissolve the
designation of Khilafat. The designation of Khilafat always remained holy and sacred in the
Muslim history. Khalifa is considered the vicegerent of Allah on the Earth. Therefore, the
Muslims became infuriated on this unholy act of the British government. Moulana
Mohammad Ali Johar and Maulana Shaukat Ali Johor along with other Muslim leaders
started a movement called the Khilafat movement.
III. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE:
 Ottoman Empire:
The Khilafat movement (1919–1924) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign
launched by Muslims in British India to influence the British government and to protect
the Ottoman Empire during the aftermath of World War I. The movement gained force
after the Treaty of Severs (August 1920) which imposed the partitioning of Ottoman
Empire and gave Greece a powerful position in Anatolia, to the distress of the Turks.
They called for help and the movement was the result. The movement collapsed by late
1922 when Turkey gained. The cause of the Ottoman monarch evoked religious passion
and sympathy amongst Indian Muslims. Being a Caliph, the Ottoman emperor was
nominally the supreme religious and political leader of all Muslims across the world.
 Khilafat in South Asia:
After World War I, the Ottoman Empire faced dismemberment. Under the leadership
of the Ali Brothers, Maulana Muhammad Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali, the Muslims of

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South Asia launched the historic Khilafat Movement to try and save it. Mohandas
Karam Chand Gandhi linked the issue of Swaraj with the Khilafat issue to associate
Hindus with the movement. The ensuing movement was the first countrywide popular
movement.
 Collapse of Khilafat Movement:
In wake of these disturbances, the Ali brothers began distancing themselves from
Gandhi and the Congress. The Ali brothers criticized Gandhi's extreme commitment
to non-violence and severed their ties with them after he suspended all non-cooperation
movement after the killing of 23 policemen at Chaura Chauri in 1922.
Although holding talks with the British and continuing their activities, the Khilafat
struggle weakened as Muslims were divided between working for the Congress, the
Khilafat cause and the Muslim League. Another reason was that members of the
movement were concerned with the fate of khalifa than were the western powers
and the people of Turkey.
The final blow came with the victory of Mustafa Kemal's forces, who overthrew the
Ottoman rule to establish a pro-Western, secular republic in independent Turkey.
He abolished the Calipha role and sought no help from Indians.
The Khilafat leadership fragmented on different political lines. Syed Ata Ullah Shah
Bukhari created Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam with the support of Chaudhry Afzal Haq
.Leaders such as Dr. Ansari, Maulana Azad and Hakim Ajmal Khan remained strong
supporters of Gandhi and the Congress. The Ali brothers joined Muslim League.
They would play a major role in the growth of the League's popular appeal and the
subsequent Pakistan movement. There was, however, a Caliphate Conference in
Jerusalem in 1931 following Turkey's abolition of the Khilafat, to determine what
should be done about the caliphate. People from villages such as Aujla Khurd were
the main contributors to the cause.
OBJECTIVE OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:
Objective of Khilafat movement areas;
 Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact.
 To preserved the Territorial solidarity.
 Control of holy the places should not be given to non-Muslims.
TURK NATIONALIST MOVEMENT:
The Turkish National Movement encompasses the political and military activities of the Turkish
revolutionaries which resulted in the creation and shaping of the Republic of Turkey, as a
consequence of the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I.

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In the aftermath, Turkish revolutionaries rebelled against the partitioning of the
Ottoman Empire by the Allies under the terms of the Armistice of Mudras, which ended
the Empire's participation in World War I; they also rebelled against the Treaty of Sevres
in 1920, similarly signed by the Ottoman government, and partitioned portions of
Anatolia itself.
The establishment of an alliance of Turkish revolutionaries during the partitioning of the
Ottoman Empire resulted in the declaration of the Republic of Turkey and abolition of
the Ottoman Sultanate. The movement declared that the only source of governance for
the Turkish people would be the Grand National Assembly.
IV. CONGRESS/NONCORPORATION:
The Nagpur Session of the Congress (Dec. 1920) approved non-cooperation with
Government but Jinnah opposed and left the Congress on 13th April 1923, because he
was against the use of extra-constitutional means of protests.
The country was passing through a critical period and both the Congress and the Muslim
League fully felt the necessity of mutual co-operation to the Khilafat Movement. The
leaders of the two movements met at Amritsar and resolved to launch a country-wide
agitation under the leadership of Mr. Gandhi. So the two movements, one led by
Molana Muhammad Ali and the other by Mr. Gandhi merged into one and it was
directed against the
British Government. The policy of ‘progressive, non-violent, non-
Cooperation’ was to be given effect to in the following manner:
 Renunciation of all Government titles.
 Boycott of courts and educational institutions.
 Resign from jobs.
 Later resign from police and military jobs.
 Boycott of foreign goods.
 Refusal to pay taxes.
V. CHAURA CHAURI INCIDENT:
Chauri Chaura is a town near Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, known most for an event in 5
February 1922 during the British Raj when a police station)was set on fire by a mob of
angry citizens, killing 23 policemen inside. Due to this incident mahatma Gandhi called a
halt to the non-cooperation movement.
VI. RESULT OF KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:
Despite its failure, the Khilafat Movement left a far-reaching impact on the Indian
politics. Following are the most significant influences which the Khilafat Movement left
on the Indian Politics:

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 The Khilafat Movement was a great Muslim struggle which provided dynamic leadership
to the Muslims and established foundations to launch further Muslim Freedom
movement on stable and firm basis.
 It confirmed to the Muslims that the Hindu mind can never be sincere to the Muslims.
 The Khilafat Movement developed a sense of concern amongst the Muslims about their
national matters and inculcated among them the awareness about their future.
 The Khilafat Movement immensely strengthened the Two-Nation Theory which became
the basis of establishment of Pakistan.
 The Khilafat Movement added much to the economic miseries of the Muslims who
resigned their jobs.
VII. STRATEGIC ANALYSIS:
The Khilafat Movement failed to achieve its objectives of restoration of caliphate.
Muslims of India were very discouraged and disappointed on its failure. Yet the Khilafat
Movement had some favorable effects on Muslims of India in the long run.
 The movement gave a general awareness and created self-confidence among the
Muslims
 It awakened their sense of political understanding.
 They started taking parts in nation politics and also learnt methods of protesting,
arranging and holding mass meetings and fighting for their rights.
 Educated Muslims, students and Ulemas started taking interest in politics.
 The Khilafat Movement gave a boost to Muslim journalism and many important
Urdu magazines and newspapers came out voicing the demands of Muslims.
 The members of the Khilafat Movement were more concerned with the fate of
the Khalifa than the western powers and people of Turkey.
 The Hindus and the Muslims had different aims. The Hindus wanted
independence from the British while the Muslims had the aim of gaining power
back to the caliph.
 The movement also created a strong anti-British feeling. This made Gandhi call of
the campaign before Kemal Ataturk abolished the movement.
 The outcomes of Khilafat Movement were huge. It left both good and bad effects
 It results in protest and rallies on street of subcontinent there was an increase in
violence day by day. It results in collapse of Hindu Muslims Alliance.
 A huge number of people were involved in this movement, ma b this was also a
reason of civil disobedience.
 Because of some violent incidence in the country which resulted in the deaths of
many Hindus, Muslims and British people, Mahatma Gandhi G called off his Non-
Cooperation Movement. This was a major jolt to the Khilafat Movement.
VIII. CONCLUSION:

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Every movement against the British rule left its good as well as bad effects on the
people. After Khilafat Movement Muslims of the Sub-continent become united, strong
and conscious about their separate identity which led them towards final destination.
This was the real credit which Muslims derived.
IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 http://www.slideshare.net/ahsan_qureshi/strategic-analysis-of-khilafat-movement-
18932941?qid=30231fd5-c5c0-4251-acda-d01be08e530e&
v=qf1&b=&from_search=3
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khilafat_Movement
 http://www.pakistan.web.pk/threads/complete-notes-of-pakistan-affairs-by-prof-dr-
hassan-askari.1214/
 http://www.cssforum.com.pk/386748-post13.html
 http://www.slideshare.net/ahsan_qureshi/strategic-analysis-of-khilafat-movement-
15431274
 http://www.slideshare.net/961IQ/non-cooperationkhilafat-movement-history