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Independence and partition of india

Mountbatten's plan for the partition of India was presented to the leaders of the Indian National Congress and Muslim League in June 1947. The plan proposed dividing British India into two new dominions - India and Pakistan. It established a boundary commission to determine the borders and gave the princely states the option to join either dominion or remain independent. While Gandhi opposed the division, the Congress accepted the plan as the only way to achieve independence and prevent further civil conflict. The Indian Independence Act of 1947 formally enacted the partition, establishing two new independent dominions and making provisions for dividing military assets, government offices, and more.

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Independence and partition of india Icse class 10 history
The mountbatten plan ● Mountbatten put his plan for the partition of india in front of the ‘big seven leaders’ - Nehru, Patel, Kripalani, Jinnah, Liaquat, Nishtar, and Baldev Singh. ● The plan was announced on 3 June 1947 on the same day Gandhi said that the division of india can only do harm to the country’s future.
Clauses of the mountbatten plan ● Partition ○ The country would be divided into 2 dominions, india and pakistan. ● Relations between the 2 new dominions ○ The 2 dominions were to decide what relations they would have with each other and the british commonwealth. ● A boundary commission ○ The plan provided for a boundary commission to decide the partition for the 2 dominions in case a partition was decided. ● The princely states ○ The treaties with the princely states would come to an end. ○ They would be free to associate themselves with either of the dominions or to be independent.
Clauses of the mountbatten plan continued... ● Bengal and Punjab ○ The partition of bengal and punjab was proposed provided that the legislative assemblies of the 2 provinces decided in favour of the partition ● Sindh ○ The legislative assembly of sindh would take its own decision in a special meeting ● North-West frontier province ○ A plebiscite was to be held in the North-Western province to see if people wanted to join india or pakistan ● The district of sylhet ○ Muslim majority district sylhit could decide if they wanted to join east bengal or assam.
Acceptance of the mountbatten plan ● According to Maulana azad the congress had no other alternative and accepted the mountbatten plan ● The plan may be summarised by the following points: ○ The leaders felt that further delay in the transfer of power could find india in the midst of a civil war ○ The leaders felt that partition would rid the constitution of separate electorates and other undemocratic procedures. India could then evolve a truly secular and democratic policy ○ The only alternative to partition was a federation with a weak centre. A smaller India with a strong central authority was better than a bigger state with a weak centre ○ Any further continuation of british rule would mean a greater calamity for India. The british were instigating the rulers of the indian states to remain independent. Hence, partition was the price for immediate independence.
The indian independence clause 1947 ● Princely states ○ The princely states would become independent and all the powers exercised by the british authority were to be terminated. All the treaties and agreements made by the british would lapse from 15 august 1947. They would be free to associate themselves with either dominion or to remain independent ● Division of the army and assets ○ Provisions were made for the division of the indian army between the 2 dominions and steps were taken to share the assets and liabilities between the 2 dominions ● Office of secretary of state and Interest of existing Officers ○ Provisions were made for safeguarding the interests of the existing officers appointed by the secretary of the state. The office for the secretary of india was abolished ● Governor general for each dominion ○ There would be a governor general for each dominion appointed by the british king on advice of the cabinet of the concerned dominion. This arrangement would work until the framing of the constitution