Pakistan movement

Brief History of Pakistan Movement (1857 - 1947)

By Pictorial

Personalities That were Involve In these Movements

Pakistan Movement

The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan refers to the successful historical movement against British
and Indian to have an independent Muslim state named Pakistan created from the separation of the north-
western region of the Indian subcontinent.

This movement was led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, along with other prominent founding fathers of
Pakistan including Allama Iqbal, Liaqat Ali Khan.

The founder of that word “Pakistan” is Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

The movement ultimately achieved success in 1947 and it named Pakistan.

Some movements that happen for the seprate homeland.

1. 1857 War of Independence
2. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
3. 1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress
4. 1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League
5. 1914-18 World War I
6. 1919-23 Khilafat Movement
7. 1928 Nehru Report
8. 1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah
9. 1930 Allama Iqbal Address
10. 1933 Now or Never Pamphlet
11. 1939-45 World War II
12. 1940 Pakistan Resolution
13. 1946 The Cabinet Mission
14. 1947 Creation of Pakistan

These were the some movements through which Muslims passed for the demand of Islam or we can say
for seprate country.Quaid was saya that Pakistan is the country in which the muslims can lead to their life
through the Islamic rules.

Explanation
1857 War of Independence

War of the independence was lastly fought by Indian muslims and
hindus but after defeating war the muslims and hindus started thinking different.British army recruited the
local Indians into their forces but with the passage of time the hindus ran away the british and hindus take
the whole charge of the Dehli city.

Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal King, was compelled to lead the freedom fighters.The initial success
of the fighters gave the boost to the war of independence.

The Indian army captured the important towns of Haryana, Bihar and Mahdya Pardesh. After the
sometime the british came back and they war on the shahi and they defeat them.Bahadur shah zafar hide
himself. British take the whole charge of the Dehli and they started to murder the peoples on large scale
and they also caught the Shah and he led his last breath in the Jail.

After the War of Independence in 1857, the British government assumed sovereignty over the lands of the
British East India Company. The British thus became masters of India, where for nearly 800 years
Muslims had ruled. However, their attitude towards the Muslims was that of antipathy.

According to Hunter, a prominent historian, “The Muslims of India are, and have been for many years, a
source of chronic danger to the British power in India”.

The british make the policy against the muslims and they gave them no rights.In the Dehli the british
snatch approximately 20,000 “Inam commission” and they ruined many familes of the muslims. The
newly introduced English system of education had many drawbacks for the Muslims, mainly because it
made no provisions for religious education. As a result, they stayed away from it.

Thus, within a few years of loss of political power, the Muslims lost all avenues of employment, were
dispossessed of their estates and deprived of the benefits of education.

Refrence

Pakistan study (Qazi muhammad manzoor al haq , Imtiyaz Ahmed Khan)

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan is also known as the Syed Ahmed Taqvi. They was the indian educator and
politician and islamic reformer. They born in Dehli,Mugal Emperor.
Movements done by the Sir Syed Ahmed
1. Aligarh Movement
2. Aligarh musllim theory
3. Two Nation theory
After the war of independence 1857 the condition of the muslim was too bad. The muslims remain king
for centuries before british. British were silent because they snatch the government. They damage the
political and sociological condition of the muslims.Hindus were also against muslims and they were with
the British.

British Movements

1. They murder about the 5lakh muslims.
2. They snatch their properties.
3. Make bad economy.
4. They occupied on trade.
5. They drop the muslims from the army.

Sir syed wwas the protector of the muslims.they make muslims heart strong.Sir syed put a movement
"Movement Aligarh".There were two purpoes of it.
1. Education
2. Friendship of muslims and british.

In the 1832 they make English language more important than persian language.Through the English the
muslims cant get any knowledge. sir syed gave them idea to learn the english.
1st movement of the Sir syed is that they made the school in "Illah Abad". After this they made a new
school in
"Gazi Poor".In which they can learn english.

Sir syed gave them the idea of the Two nation theory.They says that the hindus and the muslims are the
two different religion their traditioins and cultures are different they cant live together.

Refrence

Pakistan Studies (Muhammad Hussain Chaudary)
http://www.ssuet.edu.pk/sirsyed/main.html

1885 Formation of the Indian National Congress :

Indian national congress is one of the two major
political parties in india and it is also known as the congress and the other one is (BJP) bhartiya janta
party.Is is the largest democratic party in the world.
Economic reforms and wanted a larger role in the making of British policy for India. In 1920 the
Congress began a campaign of passive resistance, led by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, against
restrictions on the press and political activities.

Although the Congress claimed to represent all Indians, many Muslims, fearful of the vast Hindu
majority, began to withdraw from the Congress.

Refrence

http://storyofpakistan.com/establishment-of-all-india-muslim-league/
http://www.ismaili.net/histoire/history08/history824.html

1906 Founding of the All-India Muslim League

1. The dec 30,1906 is the day in history of the indian muslims.
2. When the named seprate identity named all india muslims league.In the annual meeting of this
about 3000 muslims present for their issues.
3. It was head by waqar ul mulk,nawab ul mulk and some other.sir agha khan who named is all
indian muslim league they was declared as president.
4. First meeting of it was held in dec 20,1907 and it was succeded in getting freedom from british
and hindus in later years.

Refrence

http://www.dostpakistan.pk/history/british-rule/233-all-india-muslim-league-1906.html
http://www.ismaili.net/histoire/history08/history824.html

1914-18 World War I

1. It says that it was the great war from 1914-1918.
2. WWI saw the introduction of the machine gun and poison gas into battle.
3. Was an extremely bloody war, with huge losses of life and little ground lost or won..
4. More than 9 million died on the battlefield due to growth of large army.
5. US was also the major cause of this.it has a bad impact on the economy and politics.

Refrence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwari/World_War_I.html

1919-23 Khilafat Movement

The Khilafat Movement was clubbed with Non Co-operation Movement. For it was thought that an
opportunity came for a Hindu- Muslim joint movement against the British government.

In 1914 First world war peoples were against of English in which the Turkish was with the Germens.But
they defeated with the ending of this war English try to disappear the Turkey through which Turkey
become in danger.With the the Muslims started a movement in 1919 which is called the Khilafat
Movement.

Some purpose of this:

Turkey Movement should remain.Muslims places should be in the protection of Turkish.Boundries of the
Turkey remain those which were before the World War.

The movement had thoroughly roused the country but made little impression upon the British. The British
government attached no importance to the demands of the Khilafatists.

Annoyed by the British attitude the Khilafat Conference at Karachi called upon the Muslim soldiers in the
British Indian army to quit.However, abrupt suspension of the Non Co-operation and Khilafat along with
it, created a different situation. The Khilafatists came to be sharply divided.

A large number of them lost faith in Mahatma, and turned to the government for help.

The Khilafat movement (1919–1924) was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by Muslims
in British India to influence the British government and to protect the Ottoman Empire during the
aftermath of World War I.

Refrence


1928 Nehru Report

After the Failure of Simon Commission in 1927 , the minister of India Lord Birkenhead Challenged
Indians by saying
" IF THEY HAVE ANY POLITICAL CAPABILITY AND COMPETENCE THEN THEY SHOULD
FORM A UNANIMOUS CONSTITUTION AND PRESENT IT TO US AND WE WILL IMPLEMENT
IT "

Answer the challenge of Lord Birkenhead

First and Second All party Conference was Held at Delhi on 12 Feb and 19 May , 1928 It had only 2
muslim representatives , namely Mr.Ali imam and Mr.Shoaib Qureshi . The Head of the constitutional
assembly was Pundit Moti Lal Nehru and his son Jawalal Nehru was the member of the commity . After
Staying at allahabad for 3 monhs , the commity prepared a report . This report was called Nehru Report .

SUGGESTIONS OF NEHRU REPORT
1. Ending of Separate Electorate .
2. Ending of more Muslim Seats than Population .
3. Ending of more Seats than Population .
4. Refusal to give 1/3 Representation to muslim in the center .
5. Separation of Sind From bombay (Mumbai)
6. Suggestions of Reforms in N.W.F.P province and Aviodness from Balouchistan .
7. Demand of Strong Central government .
8. Demand of ordering of the Colonial Rule

REATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE :

The anti muslim suggestions of nehru report shattered the Lucknow pact and the Delhi proposal .
Different muslim leaders expressed their views and feelings on the nehru report which are
mentioned below :

COMMENTS OF SIR AGHA KHAN :

Sir agha khan said that " Any sensible person cannot think muslim will accept these insulting
conditions "

COMMENTS OF QUAID-E-AZAM :

Quaid-e-azam on 22 dec , 1928 at a failure of calcutta convention and due to stubbornness
commented on nehru report
" From now the paths of Hindu and muslims are separate "

In short all muslim leaders expressed great dislike to the nehru report , but it did not have any effect on
Hindus.

Refrence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehru_Report
http://www.allamaiqbal.com/webcont/393/NehruReport%5B1928%5D.html
http://notes-for-students.blogspot.com/2009/11/nehru-report.html

1929 Fourteen Points of Jinnah

1. All the people should be aware of their rights all the people have the freedom of religion freedom
of sense.
2. All cabinets at central or local level should have at least 1/3 Muslim representation.
3. All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite
principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without
reducing the majority in any province to a minority or even equality.
4. In the Central Legislature, Muslim representation shall not be less than one third.
5. Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by means of separate electorate as at
present, provided it shall be open to any community at any time to abandon its separate electorate
in favor of a joint electorate.

6. Any territorial distribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the
Muslim majority in the Punjab, Bengal and the North West Frontier Province.
7. Full religious liberty, i.e. liberty of belief, worship and observance, propaganda, association and
education, shall be guaranteed to all communities.
8. No bill or any resolution or any part thereof shall be passed in any legislature or any other elected
body if three-fourth of the members of any community in that particular body oppose such a bill
resolution or part thereof on the ground that it would be injurious to the interests of that
community or in the alternative, such other method is devised as may be found feasible and
practicable to deal with such cases.
9. Sindh should be separated from the Bombay Presidency.
10. Reforms should be introduced in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and Baluchistan on
the same footing as in the other provinces.
11. Provision should be made in the constitution giving Muslims an adequate share, along with the
other Indians, in all the services of the state and in local self-governing bodies having due regard
to the requirements of efficiency.
12. The constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim culture and for
the protection and promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal laws and Muslim
charitable institution and for their due share in the grants-in-aid given by the state and by local
self-governing bodies.
13. No cabinet, either central or provincial, should be formed without there being a proportion of at
least one-third Muslim ministers.
14. No change shall be made in the constitution by the Central Legislature except with the
concurrence of the State's contribution of the Indian Federation.

Refrence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah

1930 Allama Iqbal Address

The Allahabad Address, notable for Conception of Pakistan, was the Presidential Address by Allama
Iqbal to the 25th Session of the All-India Muslim League on 29 December 1930, at Allahabad, India.
Here he presented the idea of a separate homeland for Indian Muslims which was ultimately realised in
the form of Pakistan.

1. I would like to see the Punjab, North-West Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated
into a single State.
2. The principle of European democracy cannot be applied to India without recognising the fact of
communal groups. The Muslim demand for the creation of a Muslim India within India is,
therefore, perfectly justified.

Refrence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad_Address

1933 Now or Never Pamphlet

Now or Never pamphlet is also called the “Pakistan Declaration”.
Choudhry Rahmat Ali , one of the founders of Pakistan had designed a pamphlet. Now or never (28th
January 1933) in which Pakistan and its provinces was used for the first time. He was living in England
that time. Some of part of short letter

3, Humberstone Road,
Cambridge, England.
28th January, 1933
Dear Sir or Madam,

I am enclosing herewith an appeal on behalf of the thirty million Muslims of PAKISTAN, who live in the
five Northern Units of India--Punjab, North-West Frontier (Afghan) Province, Kashmir, Sind, and
Baluchistan. It embodies their demand for the recognition of their national status, as distinct from the
other inhabitants of India, by the grant to Pakistan of a separate Federal Constitution on religious, social
and historical grounds.I shall be pleased if you will kindly acquaint me with your valuable opinion on the
proposed solution of the great Hindu-Muslim problem. I trust that, vitally interested as you are in a just
and permanent solution of that complex problem, the objects outlined in the appeal wiIl meet with your
fullest approval and active support.

Yours truly,
Rahmat Ali (Choudhary). (Founder, Pakiistan National Movement)

Refrence

http://storyofpakistan.com/chaudhry-rehmat-ali/

1939-45 World War II

1. It was under by the 1939 and ended in 1945.
2. In this included the all great powers.
3. 100 milions people serving in the military units.
4. It damages the economic and industrial.in the total war every person every business and every
service was involved
5. It include the 61 countries in which involve 1.7 billio peoples. 50 milion peoples lost their lives
and hundreds of milion people were injured.

cause of the second world war

The Second World War was started by Germany in an unprovoked attack on Poland. Britain and France
declared war on Germany after Hitler had refused to abort his invasion of Poland.

Refrence

http://www.worldwar-2.net/
http://www.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/homework/britain.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II

1940 Pakistan Resolution

The Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore), commonly known as the Pakistan Resolution. It was a
formal political statement adopted by the Muslim League. This was later interpreted as a demand for a
separate Muslim state, Pakistan. The resolution was presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq.

Although the name "Pakistan" had been proposed by Choudhary Rahmat Ali in his Pakistan Declaration.

In the words of Quaid-i-Azam: “Hindus and the Muslims belong to two different religions, philosophies,
social customs and literature. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine and, indeed, they belong to two
different civilizations that are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions. Their concepts on life
and of life are different. It is quite clear that Hindus and Muslims derive their inspiration from different
sources of history. They have different epics, different heroes and different episodes.

The Statement of this Resolution is that :

No constitutional plan would be workable or acceptable to the Muslimsunless geographical contiguous
units are demarcated into regions whichshould be so constituted with such territorial readjustments as
may benecessary. That the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in majority as in the North-
Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped toconstitute independent states in which the
constituent units shall beautonomous and sovereign.

Refrence

http://storyofpakistan.com/lahore-resolution/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan_Resolution

1946 The Cabinet Mission

All of the British Government’s attempts to establish peace between the Congress and the Muslim League
had failed.The Mission's task was to try to bring the leaders of the principle Indian political parties to
agreement on two matters:

1. The method of framing a constitution for a self-governing, independent India.
2. The setting up of a new Executive Council or interim government that would hold office while
the constitution was being hammered out.

Congress wanted a unified India and the Muslim League wanted a separate, independent Pakistan. The
main features of the Cabinet Mission were:

1. India would be granted the status of Federation consisting of Indian Princely States and the
British provinces.
2. The Federal government would take hold of defense, foreign affairs and communication and the
rest of the subjects would be the responsibility of the units of the Federation.

3. India would be divided into three groups. Group A was to consist of Bihar, Bombay, U.P.
Madras, Orissa and C.P. group B comprised of Punjab, Sindh, NWFP and British Baluchistan
while group C included Asam and Bengal. These groups were given the authority to frame their
constitution jointly with the other provinces of their respective groups.

A constituent assembly would consist of 389 members to draft the constitution out of whom 292 would be
from provinces. Out of these 292, 93 members would be from Princely States and 4 would be from the
areas headed by Chief Commissioners.

Refrence

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Cabinet_Mission_to_India
http://storyofpakistan.com/cabinet-mission-plan/
http://www.allamaiqbal.com/webcont/393/CabinetMissionPlan%5B1946%5D.html

1947 Creation of Pakistan

The Indian Independence Act 1947 was as an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that
partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. and on
the day of the 14 august the muslims of the hindustan get their own country in which they can
lead their lifes according to the (Rule of Islam) that was all the due to the Quaid-e-azam
muhammad ali jinnah.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah became the Governor-General of Pakistan, and Liaquat Ali Khan became
the Prime Minister of Pakistan.

Pakistan movement

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