The All India Muslim League was formed in 1906 to represent the political interests and rights of Indian Muslims. It aimed to protect Muslim political rights, promote loyalty to the British government among Muslims, and dispel misunderstandings about Muslims. Some key achievements included gaining separate electorates for Muslims in the 1909 Indian Councils Act, establishing Aligarh Muslim University in 1920, and signing the Lucknow Pact in 1916 where Hindus accepted the Muslim League as the sole representative of Indian Muslims.
Khilafat Movement
By Zubda Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. BACKGROUND Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey. It was a peak period from 1919 to 1922 casting demonstrations, boycott, and other pressure by the two major communities, the Hindus and the Muslims. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah.
Goals
1. Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact. 2. To preserved the Territorial solidarity. 3. Control of holy the places should not be given to non-Muslims.
DIMENSIONS
The writings of the Muslim intellectuals provoked the sentiments for the preservation of Khilafat and retention of the Muslims control of the holy places.
The Muslims journalism played a vital role to steer the direction of the struggle.
Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their resentment.
The Allies imposed humiliating terms on defeated Turkey.
Activities of khilafat movement
Deligations:
Deligations were sent to U.K and other European countries the feelings of the Muslims to get the governments.
Medical Aid:
Doctors,nurses arid medicines were dispatched to Turkey for the treatment of wounded Turkish soldiers.
Activities of khilafat movement
Treaty Of Sevres:
In 1920, treaty of sevres was signed between Allied forces.It was decided by the treaty that the Allies and Syria,Iraq and Jordan woud be separated from Turkish empire.
Processions:
Muslim volunteers presented themselves to police for arrests.All leaders were sent behind the bars but the movement could not be diminished.
Protests in India:
All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919. The first Khilafat Conference at Delhi in November 1919 was arranged in which the Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru participated. In this way, the major political parties joined hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community.
These steps were announced:
No participation in victory celebrations.
Boycott of British goods.
Non Cooperation with the Government.
The second Khilafat Conference (Amritsar) was held in Dec. 1919. Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali joined the session after being released from prison. In Jan. 1920, M. A. Ansari led a delegation
The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
Khilafat Movement
By Zubda Ahmad
INTRODUCTION
The Khilafat movement was a religio-political movement launched by the Muslims of India for the retention of the Ottoman Caliphate and for not handing over the control of Muslim holy places to non-Muslims. BACKGROUND Turkey sided with Germany in World War 1. As it began to lose the war, concerns were expressed in India about the future of Turkey. It was a peak period from 1919 to 1922 casting demonstrations, boycott, and other pressure by the two major communities, the Hindus and the Muslims. Being brothers, the Indian Muslims realized their religious duty to help the Muslim country. It was the extra territorial attachments based on Islam. Another factor same to the first was that the Indian Muslims considered Ottoman Caliphate a symbol of unity of the Muslim world as Ummah.
Goals
1. Ottoman Khilafat should be kept intact. 2. To preserved the Territorial solidarity. 3. Control of holy the places should not be given to non-Muslims.
DIMENSIONS
The writings of the Muslim intellectuals provoked the sentiments for the preservation of Khilafat and retention of the Muslims control of the holy places.
The Muslims journalism played a vital role to steer the direction of the struggle.
Zamindar of Zafar Ali Khan, Comrade and Hamdard of Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar, and Al-Hilal of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad etc. were the prominent newspapers and magazines which performed their duties to express their resentment.
The Allies imposed humiliating terms on defeated Turkey.
Activities of khilafat movement
Deligations:
Deligations were sent to U.K and other European countries the feelings of the Muslims to get the governments.
Medical Aid:
Doctors,nurses arid medicines were dispatched to Turkey for the treatment of wounded Turkish soldiers.
Activities of khilafat movement
Treaty Of Sevres:
In 1920, treaty of sevres was signed between Allied forces.It was decided by the treaty that the Allies and Syria,Iraq and Jordan woud be separated from Turkish empire.
Processions:
Muslim volunteers presented themselves to police for arrests.All leaders were sent behind the bars but the movement could not be diminished.
Protests in India:
All India Khilafat Committee was formed at Bombay in July 1919. The first Khilafat Conference at Delhi in November 1919 was arranged in which the Congress leaders like Gandhi and Nehru participated. In this way, the major political parties joined hands to assault the injustice with the Muslim community.
These steps were announced:
No participation in victory celebrations.
Boycott of British goods.
Non Cooperation with the Government.
The second Khilafat Conference (Amritsar) was held in Dec. 1919. Maulana Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali joined the session after being released from prison. In Jan. 1920, M. A. Ansari led a delegation
The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims allied with Indian nationalism in the years following World War I. Its purpose was to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as Caliph of Islam following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
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2. Formation
The ideology of political
exclusiveness in the name
of religion give birth to All
India Muslim league in the
session of all India
Mohammedan educational
conference held in Decca.
The All India Muslim league
was finally setup on Dec
30,1906
3. Continue…
Nawab Salimullah proposed the creation of all India Muslim
league.
Mohsin-ul-mulk and viqar-ul-mulk were jointly made
secretaries. But after the death of Mohsin-ul-mulk in 1907 ,
Viqar-ul-mulk was in full control of league.
Muslim league hold its first session at Karachi on Dec 29 and
30 in 1907.
Quaid-e-azam join the league in 1913.
4. Objectives Of
Formation
– 1. Protecting the political and other rights of the Muslims
and to extend the needs and sentiments of the Indian
Muslims before the British Government in a respective
manner.
– 2. Making the other communities of Indian understand that
Muslim of India were not against their interests.
– 3. Promoting the sentiment of loyalty for the British
Government amongst the Muslims and removing
misunderstanding about the Muslims.
6. Representation Of The
Muslims In Subcontinent
The Muslim League started
representation of Indian Muslims
rights after its formation. It
increased the political pressure on
British government to get the
demand of Simla Delegation
approved . The steps taken by
Muslim league as representative of
Indian Muslims created feeling of
superiority and unity among the
Muslims.
7. Answer To Congress
Propaganda
Congress had started claiming itself to the
representative party of all Indians , at the
dissolution of the party of Syed Amir Ali ,
Muhammadan associated in 1904 , the congress
started the propaganda that the Muslims do not have
the political ability to run a political party .
8. Approval Of Separate
Electorate
The British accepted the
demand of separate electorate
in The Act Of India 1909 . In
the Minto-Morley reforms
and gave it a constitution
status which was an important
historical achievement.
9. Formation Of Aligarh
University
The demand for the formation of
the Muslim university become
strong after the formation of
Muslim league . The
government accepted the
demand and made The
Muhammadan Anglo Oriental
College Aligardh in 1921 ,
during the Sir Agah Khan was
secretary of college trust.
10. Lacknow pact
After the formation of the Muslim
League the Hindus had to accept
that not only Muslims are the
separate nation but All India
Muslim League is only
representative party. of Muslims
Accepting this fact the Hindus
signed the historical pact at
Lucknow in 1916 in which all
right demands of Muslims were
accepted.
