TOPIC IS IMPORTANT FOR ALL TYPE STUDENTS WHO ARE STUDYING UNDER THE FLAG OF HISTORY

1. Khilafat
Movement
Contents
Preface
Establishment of Khilafat Committee
Objectives
Hindu Muslim Unity
Khilafat delegation to England
Movement activities
Treaty of Sevres
Turk Mawllat movement
Migration Movement
Establishment of Jamia Milllia

2. Introduction: from Wikipedia
In World War I, Turkey sided with Germany
against Great Britain. The involvement of Turkey
in the war made the Indian Muslims worried that
Turkey would not be treated well if the British
were successful. In order to suppo from
Wikipediart the British, the Muslims of India
took a promise from the British Prime Minister
Lloyd George that the holy places of the Muslims
would not be desecrated during the war and that
the Muslim caliphate would be protected after
the war. happened After the end of the war,
Britain and its allies entered Basra and Jeddah
in breach of promise. The Muslims of India
started a movement called the "Khilafah

3. Establishment of Khilafat
Committees
On July 5, 1919, the All India Khilafat
Committee was established in Bombay to organize
public opinion on the issue of Khilafat and to
prepare an agreed plan of action

4. Objectives
The major objectives of the Khilafat Movement were:
• The holy places (Mecca, Medina) remained under the
custody of the Ottoman Caliphate.
• The Ottoman Caliphate should be maintained.
• The Ottoman Empire should not be divided
The first meeting of the Khilafat Committee was held
in Delhi in November 1919, in which it was decided
that the Muslims would not participate in the
victory celebrations of the British and if their
demands were not accepted, they would not cooperate
with the government. In this meeting Hindus were
appealed for cooperation

5. Hindu Muslim Unity
The All India Congress had already launched a
nationwide campaign against the Rolot Act. In
December 1919, meetings of All India Congress,
Muslim League and Khilafat Committee were held
in Amritsar where Gandhiji emphasized Hindu-
Muslim unity.

6. Khilafat delegation to England
In 1920, a delegation led by Maulana Muhammad
Ali Johar went on a tour of England, Italy and
France to remind the Prime Minister of Great
Britain and the Allies of their promises. The
delegation reached Britain and met Prime
Minister Lloyd George, but was disappointed to
hear his reply, "Horrible justice has been meted
out to Australia and Germany, and why can Turkey
get away with it?" After that, the delegation
also visited Italy and France, but nothing was
heard.

7. Movement activities{1}
Delegations were sent under the Khilafat movement.
The delegations informed the governments of the
Muslim public opinion of the subcontinent in
European countries and especially in Great Britain.
Groups of doctors and nurses were sent to bandage
the Ottoman Mujahideen. Medicines were also
provided.
Funds were provided to the Ottoman government. The
Muslim people collected a lot of wealth in the form
of currency, gold and silver and sent it to the
Ottoman government for financial support.
Large processions were taken out in small cities
and towns of the subcontinent, rallies were
organized, strikes were held and Muslim people made
a large number of arrests. The leaders of the
movement were imprisoned, but there was no

8. Movement activities {2}
• The role of the mother of Maulana Muhammad Ali
Johar and Maulana Shaukat Ali was also
important in the Khilafat movement. In those
days, this slogan became very popular: "Says
the mother of Muhammad Ali - Give your life and
son to your caliphate.“
• Muslim journalism also played a strong role.
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan, Zamindar Maulana Azad,
Al-Hilal and Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar created
a storm in the minds of the Muslim people
through the newspaper Comrade and Hamdard.

9. Treaty of Sevres
• The Khilafat delegation was still in England
when the Treaty of Severe was imposed on
Turkey. As a result, all foreign possessions
were taken away from Turkey, Turkey was banned
from having an air force and the Allies
maintained supremacy over Dara Daniyal.
• The Treaty of Sevres was a peace treaty signed
between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire on
August 10, 1920, after World War I. This
agreement was signed by the Ottoman Empire but
it was rejected by the Turkish democratic
movement and the agreement could not be
implemented. This movement, led by Mustafa
Kemal Atatürk, declared the Turkish War of

10. Turk Mawlat movement
Against the failed return of the delegation of
Khilafat and the humiliating terms of the Treaty of
Severe, the Khilafat Committee decided to support
the Turk-Mowalat movement in 1920. Gandhi was
appointed as the leader of this movement. Its main
aspects were
• Government addresses should be returned.
• The membership of the councils should be resigned.
• Should be separated from government jobs.
• Educational institutions should stop taking
government aid.
• Cases should be presented in arbitration courts
instead of government courts.
• English goods should be boycotted.

11. Migration Movement
During the Khilafat Movement, in 1920, some
scholars including Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar,
Maulana Shaukat Ali, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad,
Maulana Zafar Ali Khan and Attaullah Shah
Bukhari declared the subcontinent as Dar Harb
and issued a fatwa to migrate from here. As a
result, thousands of Muslims left their homes
and went to the neighboring country of
Afghanistan. This migration failed due to the
non-cooperation of the Afghan government and the
Muslims had to face a lot of loss of life and
money.

12. Establishment of Jamia Millia
Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar appealed to the
Aligarh administration not to take government
aid. The college administration refused to do
so. As a result, Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar
founded Jamia Millia Islamia by joining many
students with him. This institution was shifted
to Delhi in 1925.

13. The Moplah Rebellion
• The Moplah Muslims of Coastal Malabar actively
participated in the Khilafah movement, which
resulted in their being subjected to torture.
So they got fed up and revolted in 1925. The
government brutally crushed the rebellion and
killed thousands of Mopples.
• The Moplah Rebellion, also known as the Moplah
Riots of 1921 was the culmination of a series
of riots by Mappila Muslims of Kerala in the
19th and early 20th centuries against the
British and the Hindu landlords in Malabar
(Northern Kerala). It was an armed revolt. It

14. Sawdust theft incident
On February 5, 1922, in support of the Khilafat
movement, people got angry and set fire to a
police station in a village of Chora Chori in
Uttar Pradesh, in which 22 soldiers were burnt
to death. Using this incident as a cover, Gandhi
announced that since the movement was not
focused on non-violence, it was terminated.

15. Reasons for failure
• An unsustainable alliance
• Conflict of objectives
• Acrobatics of Gandhiji
• Implementation of democracy in Turkey
• The conspiracy to establish a Jewish homeland
• Establishment of Saudi Arabia

16. An unsustainable alliance
• The unity of Hindus and Muslims was
superficial, emotional and temporary. The two
nations were temporarily united by hatred of
the government, but the movements of Shudhi and
Singhtan soon shattered this alliance and the
Khilafat movement began to weaken.

17. Conflict of objectives
The Muslim Khilafat movement was based on
religious fervor rather than political gain.
Hindus were looking for a political advantage
from this which was difficult to obtain from the
success of the Khilafat movement. However, when
the Khilafat movement was about to succeed,
Gandhi stabbed the Muslims in the back by
announcing the end of the movement.

18. Acrobatics of Gandhiji
Gandhi announced the end of the movement when all
the Muslim leaders were in jail and there was no one
to take over the leadership of the movement. Due to
this, the movement also ended, and Muslims lost
confidence in their leaders.
Gandhiji became the Mahatma of the Hindus and
Maulana Muhammad Ali Johar moved to Corner anonymity
(Gusha Gumnami). And he will die in the same
condition i.e. in anonymity.
Karamchand Gandhi; (2 October 1869 – 30 January
1948) was a political and spiritual leader of India
and the most important figure in the freedom
movement. They made Satyagraha and Ahimsa (non-
violence) their weapons. Satyagraha is non-violent,
publicly organized civil disobedience against
oppression. This procedure led to India's
independence. And proved to be the inspiration for

19. Implementation of democracy in
Turkey{1}
In March 1924, Mustafa Kemal Pasha announced the
establishment of the Republic of Azad Kara and
his presidency and the caliphate in Turkey
ended.
World War I was over, but one of the allied
countries, Greece, was looking to further
destroy Turkey. Meanwhile, a Turkish general,
Mustafa Kemal Pasha, united the scattered
Turkish forces and defeated the Greeks. Mustafa
Kemal Pasha removed the last caliph Abdul Majid
II from power and took the government into his
own hands. Suddenly, Turkey started to stand on

20. Implementation of democracy in
Turkey{2}
There was rivalry between Russia and Britain for
the occupation of Turkey, so this rivalry saved
Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Pasha's government signed
the Treaty of Lausanne with the Allies. The
terms of this agreement were better for Turkey
than the Severay Agreement. The caliphate ended
and democracy was established in Turkey. The
holy Hijaz was given under the authority of the
Sharif of Makkah and the problem of Turkey would
be solved.
In light of the new situation, there was no need
to continue the movement in the

21. Implementation of democracy in
Turkey{3}
• In light of the new situation, there was no
need to continue the movement in the
subcontinent, so the leaders and the people
gradually became silent. In a sense the
objectives of the movement were fulfilled, viz
• The Caliphate was abolished by the Turks
themselves.
• When the Arabs gained control over the holy
Hijaz, the issue of sanctity and respect for
this area was also resolved.
• Turkey remained as a country, but the Turkish
government decided to automatically end its

22. The conspiracy to establish a
Jewish homeland
• During the First World War, the British
government conspired to make Palestine a
national homeland for the Jews through the
Balfour Declaration. Therefore, she did not
want to restore the former boundaries of the
Ottoman Empire.
• While nowadays the concept of a Jewish homeland
almost always means the State of Israel under
some variation of its current borders, there
have been many other proposals for a Jewish
state over the course of Jewish history. While
some of those have come into existence, others

23. Establishment of Saudi
Arabia{1}
• Sharif Makkah had conspired to separate the
Holy Hijaz from the Ottoman Empire. On which
Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud announced the establishment
of a separate kingdom in the name of Saudi
Arabia, which caused the Khilafah movement to
collapse.
• Syed Hussain Ibn Ali Hashmi. He became the
Sharif of Makkah in 1908 due to being from Ahl
al-Bayt. In the First World War, when the
British were having no success against the
Turks, a British spy, along with Lawrence of
Arabia, led a rebellion against the Ottoman

24. Establishment of Saudi
Arabia{2}
Husayn Ibn Ali sided with the British and Thomas
Lawrence and started a war against the Ottoman
Empire in 1915, ending Ottoman rule in all Arab
countries and then establishing both British and
French control over the Middle East. Hussain bin Ali
waged a two-year siege against the Ottoman governor
of Medina, Umar Fakhruddin Pasha, to capture Medina.
His two sons became the kings of Iraq and Jordan.
The British made one of his sons, Amir Faisal, the
king of Iraq and the other son of Jordan, which
continues the Jordanian royal family.
In 1924, he abdicated (renounce and resign)after
being defeated by Ibn Saud, the ruler of Najd. After

25. Results of the Khilafat
movement
An example of a public movement like the Khilafat Movement is not found in
the history of the subcontinent. There is no doubt that this movement
failed to achieve its goals, but it left a deep impression on Indian
politics and Muslim history.
1. Disappointment of Muslims
2. End of Hindu Muslim unity
3. Awakening of political consciousness
4. Emergence of enthusiastic leadership
5. Entry of scholars and students into politics
6. Gandhiji's leadership
7. Attention to internal problems
8. Cooperation in All India Congress and Jamiat Ulema-i-Hind
9. Revelation of the Hindu Mindset
10. British rule shaky

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