The non-cooperation movement began in January 1921 as a result of Gandhi's support for the Khilafat cause and goal of attaining self-government. It aimed to resist British rule through non-violent means, and various social groups participated with different aspirations. Students left schools, lawyers quit, and goods were boycotted. Peasant movements also arose but sometimes turned violent. The movement ended in February 1922 following the Chauri Chaura incident where a police station was burned down killing 23 policemen, after which Gandhi halted the movement.

1. Non-cooperation-
Khilafat
Movement

2. Background and Causes
Mahatma Gandhi led his non-violent nationalist movement
satyagraha, as a protest against government repression such as the
Rowlatt Act of 1919, and the Jalian Wallah Bagh Massacre of
April 1919. To enlist Muslim support in his movement, Gandhi
supported the Khilafat cause and became a member of the
Central Khilafat Committee.

3. At the Nagpur Session (1920) of the Indian
national congress Gandhi linked the issue of
Swaraj (Self-Government) with the Khilafat
demands and adopted the non-cooperation
plan to attain the twin objectives. So the non
cooperation movement – Khilafat movement
began in January 1921 and various social groups
became part of this movement with different and
varying aspirations
Mahatma Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah

4. Time and aim
• Began in January 1921 and ended in
February 1922 with the chauri chaura
incident.
• It aimed to resist British occupation of
India through non-violent means.

5. Participants
• Various social groups participated in the
movement with its own aspiration and
views –
• Students,teachers,laywers,headmasters,tr
aders,merchants etc. in towns .
• Peasants and tribals in the villages with
their own views of swaraj.
• Workers(e.g.plantation workers )

6. What Happened ?
• Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor
shops picketed, and foreign cloth bunt.
Merchants and traders refused to trade in
foreign goods.

7. Students left government schools and colleges,
teachers and head masters resigned, and lawyers
gave up their legal practices. Council elections
were boycotted in provinces.

8. In the countryside the struggles of peasants and
tribals came under the label of non co-operation
movement.
In Awadh peasants led by Baba Ramachandra
were struggling for reduction of revenue,
abolition of begar, social boycott of
opressive landlords.
By october 1920 the Oudh Kisan
Sabha was set up headed by
Jawaharlal Nehru,Baba
Ramachandra and few others.
When the non cooperation movement began, the peasant
movement developed under its label but the movement was
somewhat violent – houses of merchants and landlords were
attacked, bazaars were looted, and grain hoards were taken over.

9. Tribal peasants had somewhat other
views on the idea of swaraj.
Tribal peasants were prohibited from entering
forest areas which affected their livelihood.
When the government
began forcing them to do
begar for road building,
the tribal peasants in
Gudem Hills of Andhra
Pradhesh revolted under
the leadership of Alluri
Sitaram Raju who claimed
to have a variety of
supernatural powers.
Raju talked of the greatness of gandhiji and persuaded people
to wear khadhi and give up drinking.

10. But he believed India could be
liberated only through violence.
The Gudem rebels to attain
swaraj
• Attacked police stations
• Attempted to kill british
officials
• Carried on guerilla warfare.
Raju was captured and
executed in 1924

11. AT LAST
Chauri Chaura is a town
near Gorakhpur, Uttar
Pradesh, known most for an
event in February 1922
during the British Raj when
a police station)was set on
fire by a mob of angry
citizens, killing 23 policemen
inside. Due to this incident
mahatma Gandhi called a
halt to the non-cooperation
movement.