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2. What is Ajax?
• "Asynchronous JavaScript and XML"
• New name for an old technique:
• JavaScript + DHTML + XMLHttpRequest
• In use since at least 1997
• I've used it since 2000
• Finally someone gave it a name
• Already enabled in yourWeb server and browser
• Use JavaScript asynchronously behind the scenes
to load additional data (typically XML) without
discarding and reloading the entireWeb page.

3. Why useAjax?
• Your users will soon demand it
• Not just another cool (geeky) technology
• Very user-visible effect
• Rich UI experience in aWeb page
• Portable across browsers
• Plus, all advantages of zero-installWeb app
• No install done for this demo
• No "DLL Hell“
Continued…

4. Why useAjax?
• Client/Server Apps:
• Dynamic data
• Static forms, controls, code, etc.
• Efficient, but not flexible
• Traditional Web Apps:
• Dynamic data
• Dynamic forms, controls, code, etc.
• Flexible, but inefficient, and noticeably slow
• Ajax Apps:
• Dynamic data
• Static or dynamic forms, controls, code, etc.
• Best of both worlds.
Continued…

5. Why useAjax?
• Geeky reasons:
• Multithreaded data retrieval fromWeb servers
• Pre-fetch data before needed
• Progress indicators
• Appearance of speed
• Avoids need for setTimeout()
• Less bandwidth required; less server load
• Reload partial page, not entire page
• Load data only, not even partial page

6. How much to useAjax?
• As little or as much as you like
• No need to abandon what you already do
• One more item in your "bag of tricks"
• Start by jazzing up your existing UI

7. How to useAjax?
Simple!
Use the
XMLHttpRequest
Object

8. XMLHttpRequest Methods
• open (“method”, “URL”, [async, username, password])
• Assigns destination URL, method, etc.
• send (params)
• Sends request including postable string or DOM object data
• abort ()
• Terminates current request
• getAllResponseHeaders ()
• Returns headers (name/value pairs) as a string
• getResponseHeader (“header”)
• Returns value of a given header
• setRequestHeader (“label”,”value”)
• Sets Request Headers before sending
Continued…..

9. XMLHttpRequest Properties
• onreadystatechange
• Event handler (your code) that fires at each state change
• readyState
0 = uninitialized 3 = interactive (some data has been returned)
1 = loading (broken in IE 6.0)
2 = loaded 4 = complete
• status
• HTTP Status returned from server: 200-299 = OK
• responseText
• String version of data returned from server
• responseXML
• XML DOM document of data returned
• statusText
• Status text returned from server

10. Simple Example
var req = new XMLHttpRequest();
req.onreadystatechange = myHandler;
req.open("GET", "servlet", true);
req.send("p1=abc");
...
function myHandler() {
if (req.readyState == 4) {
doSomethingWith(req.responseXML);
}
else if (req.readyState == 3) {
showProgressIndicator();
}
}

11. Demos
• Simple demo
• More demos
• Google Suggest
• Google Maps
• Language translation
• Mouse gesture as password
• Typing speed as password
• Classified ads tied to map
• "Mashups"

12. Security Issues
• Can only hit domain theWeb page came from
• Cannot access a 3rd partyWeb Service
• However:
• You can wrap those requests through your own server
• User can allow access to specific sites via browser security settings
• IFRAME can access any site (instead of XMLHttpRequest)

13. AdvancedTopics
• XSLT and XPath support (Sarissa)
• Serializing Java Beans as XML
• XMLBeans, JAXB, Zeus, Jbind,Castor, Betwixt
• Serializing Java Beans as JavaScript objects
• JSON -- JavaScript Object Notation
• 2-way Mapping of Java Beans to JavaScript objects
• DWR -- DirectWeb Remoting
• Ajax Component Libraries andToolkits:
• Dojo, Prototype, HTC, XBL
• Implemented as JSP tag libraries or pure JavaScript
• Ajax Frameworks
• Ajax Patterns

14. We also provide classroom and online training classes
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