AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging small amounts of data with the server in the background without reloading the entire page. It uses a combination of XMLHttpRequest object, JavaScript, DOM, and XML to retrieve data from the server and update parts of the web page. The XMLHttpRequest object sends and receives data from the server in the background, and JavaScript code can access and use the received data to make changes on the web page via DOM without reloading.
A three hour tutorial I gave at PHP Quebec on the challenges, theory, and concepts behind making asynchronous JavaScript calls for Web 2.0 Applications using PHP
A three hour tutorial I gave at PHP Quebec on the challenges, theory, and concepts behind making asynchronous JavaScript calls for Web 2.0 Applications using PHP
Ajax stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and Xml. Ajax is not a single technology, but a group of technologies. HTML and CSS can be used in combination to mark up and style information. The DOM is accessed with JavaScript to dynamically display, and allow the user to interact with, the information presented. JavaScript and the XMLHttpRequest object provide a method for exchanging data asynchronously between browser and server to avoid full page reloads.
Bally Chohan IT Solution is an UK based IT Agency that provides IT services such as Web Development, Web Designing, E-commerce development etc.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Asynchronous JavaScript and XML
• AJAX is not a new programming language, but a new way to use existing
standards.
• AJAX is the art of exchanging data with a server, and updating parts of a
web page - without reloading the whole page.
3. What you should already know
Before you continue you should have a basic understanding of the following:
• HTML / XHTML
• CSS
• JavaScript / DOM
4. What is AJAX?
• AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
• AJAX is a technique for creating fast and dynamic web pages.
• AJAX allows web pages to be updated asynchronously by exchanging
small amounts of data with the server behind the scenes. This means that
it is possible to update parts of a web page, without reloading the whole
page.
• Classic web pages, (which do not use AJAX) must reload the entire page if
the content should change.
• Examples of applications using AJAX: Google Maps, Gmail, Youtube, and
Facebook tabs.
7. AJAX is Based on Internet Standards
AJAX is based on internet standards, and uses a combination of:
• XMLHttpRequest object (to exchange data asynchronously with a server)
• JavaScript/DOM (to display/interact with the information)
• CSS (to style the data)
• XML (often used as the format for transferring data)
AJAX applications are browser- and platform-independent!
AJAX was made popular in 2005 by Google, with Google Suggest.
8. The XMLHttpRequest Object
All modern browsers support the XMLHttpRequest object (IE5 and IE6 use an
ActiveXObject).
The XMLHttpRequest object is used to exchange data with a server behind
the scenes. This means that it is possible to update parts of a web page,
without reloading the whole page.
9. Create an XMLHttpRequest Object
All modern browsers (IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera) have a built-
in XMLHttpRequest object.
Syntax for creating an XMLHttpRequest object:
variable=new XMLHttpRequest();
Old versions of Internet Explorer (IE5 and IE6) uses an ActiveX Object:
variable=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
To handle all modern browsers, including IE5 and IE6, check if the browser
supports the XMLHttpRequest object. If it does, create an XMLHttpRequest
object, if not, create an ActiveXObject:
10. Example
var xmlhttp;
if (window.XMLHttpRequest)
{
// code for IE7+, Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari
xmlhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else
{
// code for IE6, IE5
xmlhttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
}
11. AJAX - Send a Request To a Server
To send a request to a server, we use the open() and send() methods of the
XMLHttpRequest object:
12. GET or POST?
GET is simpler and faster than POST, and can be used in most cases.
However, always use POST requests when:
• A cached file is not an option (update a file or database on the server)
• Sending a large amount of data to the server (POST has no size
limitations)
• Sending user input (which can contain unknown characters), POST is more
robust and secure than GET
13. POST Requests
A simple POST request:
Example:
To POST data like an HTML form, add an HTTP header with
setRequestHeader(). Specify the data you want to send in the send() method:
xmlhttp.open("POST","demo_post.asp",true);
xmlhttp.send();
xmlhttp.open("POST","ajax_test.asp",true);
xmlhttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
xmlhttp.send("fname=Henry&lname=Ford");
14. GET Requests
A simple GET request:
Example:
If you want to send information with the GET method, add the information
to the URL:
xmlhttp.open("GET","demo_get.asp",true);
xmlhttp.send();
xmlhttp.open("GET","demo_get.asp?t=" + Math.random(),true);
xmlhttp.send();
xmlhttp.open("GET","demo_get2.asp?fname=Henry&lname=Ford",true);
xmlhttp.send();
15. The url - A File On a Server
The url parameter of the open() method, is an address to a file on a server:
The file can be any kind of file, like .txt and .xml, or server scripting files like
.asp and .php (which can perform actions on the server before sending the
response back).
xmlhttp.open("GET","ajax_test.asp",true);
16. Asynchronous - True or False?
AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, and for the
XMLHttpRequest object to behave as AJAX, the async parameter of the
open() method has to be set to true:
Sending asynchronous requests is a huge improvement for web developers.
Many of the tasks performed on the server are very time consuming. Before
AJAX, this operation could cause the application to hang or stop.
With AJAX, the JavaScript does not have to wait for the server response, but
can instead:
• execute other scripts while waiting for server response
• deal with the response when the response ready
xmlhttp.open("GET","ajax_test.asp",true);
17. Async=false
To use async=false, change the third parameter in the open() method to
false:
Using async=false is not recommended, but for a few small requests this can be ok.
Remember that the JavaScript will NOT continue to execute, until the server response is
ready. If the server is busy or slow, the application will hang or stop.
Note: When you use async=false, do NOT write an onreadystatechange function - just put
the code after the send() statement:
xmlhttp.open("GET","ajax_info.txt",false);
xmlhttp.open("GET","ajax_info.txt",false);
xmlhttp.send();
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
18. Async=true
When using async=true, specify a function to execute when the response is
ready in the onreadystatechange event:
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
{
if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
{
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET","ajax_info.txt",true);
xmlhttp.send();
19. Server Response
To get the response from a server, use the responseText or responseXML
property of the XMLHttpRequest object.
20. The responseText Property
If the response from the server is not XML, use the responseText property.
The responseText property returns the response as a string, and you can use
it accordingly:
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
21. The onreadystatechange event
• When a request to a server is sent, we want to perform some actions based on the
response.
• The onreadystatechange event is triggered every time the readyState changes.
• The readyState property holds the status of the XMLHttpRequest.
• Three important properties of the XMLHttpRequest object
22. In the onreadystatechange event, we specify what will happen when the
server response is ready to be processed.
When readyState is 4 and status is 200, the response is ready:
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange=function()
{
if (xmlhttp.readyState==4 && xmlhttp.status==200)
{
document.getElementById("myDiv").innerHTML=xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
23. <html>
<head>
<script>
function showHint(str) {
if (str.length == 0) {
document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML = "";
return;
} else {
var xmlhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xmlhttp.readyState == 4 && xmlhttp.status == 200) {
document.getElementById("txtHint").innerHTML =
xmlhttp.responseText;
}
}
xmlhttp.open("GET", "gethint.php?q=" + str, true);
xmlhttp.send();
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<p><b>Start typing a name in the input field below:</b></p>
<form>
First name: <input type="text" onkeyup="showHint(this.value)">
</form>
<p>Suggestions: <span id="txtHint"></span></p>
</body>
</html>
25. // get the q parameter from URL
$q = $_REQUEST["q"];
$hint = "";
// lookup all hints from array if $q is different from ""
if ($q !== "") {
$q = strtolower($q);
$len=strlen($q);
foreach($a as $name) {
if (stristr($q, substr($name, 0, $len))) {
if ($hint === "") {
$hint = $name;
} else {
$hint .= ", $name";
}
}
}
}
// Output "no suggestion" if no hint was found or output correct values
echo $hint === "" ? "no suggestion" : $hint;
?>