A brief introduction to understand Lean's natural development through human evolution, how it was scientifically documented and developed in manufacturing and how it is transforming the construction sector
Lean construction is the continuous process of eliminating waste, meeting or exceeding all customer requirements, focusing on the entire value stream and pursuing perfection in the execution of a constructed project.
Large scale construction projects suffer from cost and time overruns that are typically a symptom of productivity problems and directly affect overall industry profitability. As a result, methodologies have been developed to reduce the risk of overruns and improve project outcomes. A number of these methods are based upon Lean production principles that focus on identifying value, eliminating waste and creating a smooth flow of materials, information and work. The application of Lean to construction is based upon treating the construction site as a temporary production line and is referred to as Lean Construction.
Agile methods have been found to improve the reliability of project delivery in complex environments, by decomposing the scope into small manageable parts, then completing these parts in order of greatest value. Although Agile and Lean methods share many common values and principles, Agile methods have not been properly investigated as a means of reducing the overruns associated with large scale construction projects.
A brief introduction to understand Lean's natural development through human evolution, how it was scientifically documented and developed in manufacturing and how it is transforming the construction sector
Lean construction is the continuous process of eliminating waste, meeting or exceeding all customer requirements, focusing on the entire value stream and pursuing perfection in the execution of a constructed project.
Large scale construction projects suffer from cost and time overruns that are typically a symptom of productivity problems and directly affect overall industry profitability. As a result, methodologies have been developed to reduce the risk of overruns and improve project outcomes. A number of these methods are based upon Lean production principles that focus on identifying value, eliminating waste and creating a smooth flow of materials, information and work. The application of Lean to construction is based upon treating the construction site as a temporary production line and is referred to as Lean Construction.
Agile methods have been found to improve the reliability of project delivery in complex environments, by decomposing the scope into small manageable parts, then completing these parts in order of greatest value. Although Agile and Lean methods share many common values and principles, Agile methods have not been properly investigated as a means of reducing the overruns associated with large scale construction projects.
BIM Lecture Note (5/6)
Objectives
* The challenges of Building Construction Project
* To understand what is IPD & LEAN Construction
* To understand Asset Lifecycle Management (iBIM)
*How to apply ALM & BIM to enable LEAN Construction
Question
* How iBIM can be applied to enable IPD & LEAN Construction?
The new revolutionary concept of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility
What does BIM mean for Civil Engineers?Chun Keung Ng
BIM is a norm for the building industry. How about for infrastructures? Some countries are over confident on the implementation of BIM in both building and civil engineering industries. Is the BIM technology for infrastructures mature and easily available? Are the professionals ready for BIM?
The presentation covers following areas:
- Typical Problems in Construction Industry
- What is BIM?
-BIM Process
- Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
- BIM Application
- BIM Advantages
- BIM Workflow
- BIM & Project Management
- BIM & Design Team Members
- BIM around the Globe
- Construction Industry with BIM
All work presented in the presentation is carried out by graduates of NUST, Islambad including Abdul Mughees Khan, Syed Kashif Ali Shah, Sharjeel Ahmad Tariq, Malik Awais Ahmad and Hamza Khan Shinwari.
Special credit of the work goes to Engr Tahir Shamshad, Vice President NESPAK and Engr Zia Ud Din, Asst Professor NUST under guidance and mentor ship the whole work was performed.
For more details feel free to contact: amugheeskhan@gmail.com
Now-a-days whole world facing competition in every fields, including construction industry. Large construction companies carry out big projects, according to the need of that project, they uses different methods of construction and management. Critical Path Method (CPM), Linear Scheduling Method (LSM), and Line Of Balance (LOB) are the different methods of construction project management. All the construction companies utilize these methods according their utilities and requirement of project. In this report, Line of balance method is explained with its different component on the basis of some related works discussed different alternatives and strategies to sequence activities in the long run. This report contains a study carried out in a construction company in which LOB concept is used in the initial planning phase of a high-rise residential project. Based on the information provided by different LOBs, representing different scenarios, It is further discussed with projects managers, superintendents, and crews the advantages and disadvantages of each scenario regarding the project’s lead time, activities cycle time, gang sizes, batch sizes, buffers, sequencing and interferences between activities .
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construct...Shrikant Kate
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construction Management _ Final Year (BE) _ Department of Civil Engineering _ TAE _ SPPU _ by Shrikant R. Kate
Construction scheduling, work study and work measurement Construction scheduling.
Construction project scheduling – purpose, factors affecting scheduling, time as a control tool
Work Breakdown Structure, project work breakdown levels, line of balance technique
Repetitive project management Work study and work measurement
Definition, objectives, basic procedure of work study, symbols, activity charts, string diagrams, time and motion studies.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a powerful tool for visualizing and virtually constructing in 3D. It is also a database where the information and process for adding data is equally powerful, giving owners and operators the ability to integrate BIM into Facility Management (FM) software and use the model to manage the facility over the building's lifecycle. Learn about Building Information Models and how BIM reinforces collaboration and helps project teams deliver better products and services.
Construction Project Management is an important subject to learn in Civil Engineering.
Significance • As construction involves various activities starting from the design and planning to project completion and quality check, there is a exorbitant need for Management of construction. • Construction Industry plays a crucial role in the economy and development of a nation.
4. Objectives To complete the project in specified time and with allocated budget. To Plan and schedule the work and distribute between various departments. Deployment of personnel in Different tasks. To achieve High quality workmanship. Creating an organisation that works as a team. Using the limited available resources and producing maximum output. Providing safe and satisfactory working conditions for all personnel and workers.
5. Functions: Planning & Scheduling Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling & Co-ordinating
6. Stages of construction Briefing Designing Tendering Construction Commissioning
7. 1) Briefing Stage • This stage consists of framework required for the construction work to take a shape from the ideology of client and feasibility of Project which involves architects, engineers and project manager.
Objectives Developing Alternatives Feasible Solution ? Evaluation of Alternatives Report & Recommendation Technical and non technical Investigations
8. 2) Designing or planning Stage Prepare construction schedule Prepare final cost estimate Prepare Working Drawings and specificati ons Prepare scheme and detailed designs Soil investigations, Topographic investigation, material supply and market surveys etc Carry out Technical Investigations Final adoption of the most suitable summary Finalize Project Summary
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANING
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
5 STEPS TO THE PERFECT CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PROCESS
PRE TENDER PLANNING
PRE CONTRACT PLANNING
ROLE OF CLIENT
ROLE OF CONTRACTOR
PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS
PLANNING A PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULING
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
ACTIVITY-ON-ARROW NETWORK
DUMMY ACTIVITIES
DANGLING ACTIVITY
CYCLE IN NETWORK
PRECEDENCE NETWORKS
TIME ESTIMATES
MILESTONES IN PROJECT
TIME ANALYSIS
CRITICAL PATH, SLACK AND FLOAT
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND BAR CHART
WHAT IS NETWORK
PERT / CPM Techniques
TERMS USED IN A NETWORK
RULES OF NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
NETWORK SYMBOLS
Just in Time System: A Study and Reviewvivatechijri
Just in Time has been a very popular operation strategy partly because of its success in Japanese
industry. JIT is a methodologies used to enhance manufacturers’ competitiveness through inventory and lead
time reduction. JIT implementation can involve a series of incremental steps and missteps, before the desired
outcome is achieved. How many people in the automobile industry, manufacturing industry, and electrical
industry can truly say that they have not heard about JIT? JIT implementation improves performance through
lower inventory levels, reduced quality cost and greater customer responsiveness. This paper will examine the
roll of a company’s resource. This paper present a literature review on a small manufacturing that altered its
resources configuration from a producer- consumer relationship separated by a buffer, to a simultaneity
constraint. The result of this paper shows that the removal of the buffer system increased the manufacturing
system’s need for mix flexibility and indicates that JIT system is success full, and operating JIT system can lead
to many advantages to the case company
BIM Lecture Note (5/6)
Objectives
* The challenges of Building Construction Project
* To understand what is IPD & LEAN Construction
* To understand Asset Lifecycle Management (iBIM)
*How to apply ALM & BIM to enable LEAN Construction
Question
* How iBIM can be applied to enable IPD & LEAN Construction?
The new revolutionary concept of Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility
What does BIM mean for Civil Engineers?Chun Keung Ng
BIM is a norm for the building industry. How about for infrastructures? Some countries are over confident on the implementation of BIM in both building and civil engineering industries. Is the BIM technology for infrastructures mature and easily available? Are the professionals ready for BIM?
The presentation covers following areas:
- Typical Problems in Construction Industry
- What is BIM?
-BIM Process
- Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
- BIM Application
- BIM Advantages
- BIM Workflow
- BIM & Project Management
- BIM & Design Team Members
- BIM around the Globe
- Construction Industry with BIM
All work presented in the presentation is carried out by graduates of NUST, Islambad including Abdul Mughees Khan, Syed Kashif Ali Shah, Sharjeel Ahmad Tariq, Malik Awais Ahmad and Hamza Khan Shinwari.
Special credit of the work goes to Engr Tahir Shamshad, Vice President NESPAK and Engr Zia Ud Din, Asst Professor NUST under guidance and mentor ship the whole work was performed.
For more details feel free to contact: amugheeskhan@gmail.com
Now-a-days whole world facing competition in every fields, including construction industry. Large construction companies carry out big projects, according to the need of that project, they uses different methods of construction and management. Critical Path Method (CPM), Linear Scheduling Method (LSM), and Line Of Balance (LOB) are the different methods of construction project management. All the construction companies utilize these methods according their utilities and requirement of project. In this report, Line of balance method is explained with its different component on the basis of some related works discussed different alternatives and strategies to sequence activities in the long run. This report contains a study carried out in a construction company in which LOB concept is used in the initial planning phase of a high-rise residential project. Based on the information provided by different LOBs, representing different scenarios, It is further discussed with projects managers, superintendents, and crews the advantages and disadvantages of each scenario regarding the project’s lead time, activities cycle time, gang sizes, batch sizes, buffers, sequencing and interferences between activities .
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construct...Shrikant Kate
Construction Scheduling, Work Study and Work Measurement _ Unit 2 _ Construction Management _ Final Year (BE) _ Department of Civil Engineering _ TAE _ SPPU _ by Shrikant R. Kate
Construction scheduling, work study and work measurement Construction scheduling.
Construction project scheduling – purpose, factors affecting scheduling, time as a control tool
Work Breakdown Structure, project work breakdown levels, line of balance technique
Repetitive project management Work study and work measurement
Definition, objectives, basic procedure of work study, symbols, activity charts, string diagrams, time and motion studies.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a powerful tool for visualizing and virtually constructing in 3D. It is also a database where the information and process for adding data is equally powerful, giving owners and operators the ability to integrate BIM into Facility Management (FM) software and use the model to manage the facility over the building's lifecycle. Learn about Building Information Models and how BIM reinforces collaboration and helps project teams deliver better products and services.
Construction Project Management is an important subject to learn in Civil Engineering.
Significance • As construction involves various activities starting from the design and planning to project completion and quality check, there is a exorbitant need for Management of construction. • Construction Industry plays a crucial role in the economy and development of a nation.
4. Objectives To complete the project in specified time and with allocated budget. To Plan and schedule the work and distribute between various departments. Deployment of personnel in Different tasks. To achieve High quality workmanship. Creating an organisation that works as a team. Using the limited available resources and producing maximum output. Providing safe and satisfactory working conditions for all personnel and workers.
5. Functions: Planning & Scheduling Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling & Co-ordinating
6. Stages of construction Briefing Designing Tendering Construction Commissioning
7. 1) Briefing Stage • This stage consists of framework required for the construction work to take a shape from the ideology of client and feasibility of Project which involves architects, engineers and project manager.
Objectives Developing Alternatives Feasible Solution ? Evaluation of Alternatives Report & Recommendation Technical and non technical Investigations
8. 2) Designing or planning Stage Prepare construction schedule Prepare final cost estimate Prepare Working Drawings and specificati ons Prepare scheme and detailed designs Soil investigations, Topographic investigation, material supply and market surveys etc Carry out Technical Investigations Final adoption of the most suitable summary Finalize Project Summary
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANING
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
5 STEPS TO THE PERFECT CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PROCESS
PRE TENDER PLANNING
PRE CONTRACT PLANNING
ROLE OF CLIENT
ROLE OF CONTRACTOR
PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS
PLANNING A PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULING
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
ACTIVITY-ON-ARROW NETWORK
DUMMY ACTIVITIES
DANGLING ACTIVITY
CYCLE IN NETWORK
PRECEDENCE NETWORKS
TIME ESTIMATES
MILESTONES IN PROJECT
TIME ANALYSIS
CRITICAL PATH, SLACK AND FLOAT
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND BAR CHART
WHAT IS NETWORK
PERT / CPM Techniques
TERMS USED IN A NETWORK
RULES OF NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
NETWORK SYMBOLS
Just in Time System: A Study and Reviewvivatechijri
Just in Time has been a very popular operation strategy partly because of its success in Japanese
industry. JIT is a methodologies used to enhance manufacturers’ competitiveness through inventory and lead
time reduction. JIT implementation can involve a series of incremental steps and missteps, before the desired
outcome is achieved. How many people in the automobile industry, manufacturing industry, and electrical
industry can truly say that they have not heard about JIT? JIT implementation improves performance through
lower inventory levels, reduced quality cost and greater customer responsiveness. This paper will examine the
roll of a company’s resource. This paper present a literature review on a small manufacturing that altered its
resources configuration from a producer- consumer relationship separated by a buffer, to a simultaneity
constraint. The result of this paper shows that the removal of the buffer system increased the manufacturing
system’s need for mix flexibility and indicates that JIT system is success full, and operating JIT system can lead
to many advantages to the case company
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Design Controls: Building Objective Evidence and Process Architecture to Mee...April Bright
This session provides detailed examples to demonstrate what objective evidence is important to generate and use during design control compliance but, more importantly, to develop and issue a beneficial design history file meeting the requirements in 21 CFR, Part 820.30 and ISO 13485:2016. Aside from the importance of design controls for compliance, Mr. Gagliardi demonstrates how this section of the QS regulation and the ISO standard can be facilitated as a leading edge business tool.
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
3. • In manufacturing, finished goods generally can be moved as a
whole to retailers or end customers.
• Construction, on the other hand, deals with larger units that cannot
be transported.
4. Additionally, the construction industry has three other features
that distinguish it from manufacturing: Onsite production, one-of-
a-kind projects, and complexity
5. Construction is site-position manufacturing, as opposed to fixed-
position manufacturing, which applies to ship and airplane
manufacturing & in which the product can be moved after assembly
On-Site Production
6. In construction, installation and erection are the activities that most
increase the value of the product. The contractor must ensure that
all components assembled on site meet high-quality standards that
are greatly influenced by specific site conditions
7. Normally manufacturing takes advantage of specialized equipment
to make standardized units, allowing only a limited level of
customization by retailers
One-of-a-Kind Production
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In construction, customers
play a key role
throughout the project
cycle. Under guidance
from the designer,
customers define their
product explicitly through
the bid package or
contract.
The owner or the owner’s
representative can
modify the requirements
and details of the
contract by addenda
(before bids are opened)
or change orders (once
the bid is closed)
9. In manufacturing, many components from different subassemblies
can be easily managed because suppliers are selected early in the
design phase. Specialized facilities with suitable technology and
layout ensure the reliable flow of the product. With repetition, this
supply network eventually becomes manageable and optimized
Complexity
10. The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
In contrast, in
construction, the
completion of
activities is highly
interrelated &
complicated.
Construction projects
are characteristically
complex, unique,
dynamic systems
that must rely on an
initial design that
involves a number of
subassemblies with
variable
specifications.
11. Being an on-site production, the installation of those
subassemblies is constrained by the interacting and overlapping
activities of different contractors, making it more difficult to meet
a fixed schedule.
12. The manufacturing process makes it possible to reduce uncertainty
by increasing control over the process itself. A steady state is
desirable in order to increase efficiency through repetition
Uncertainty
13. The image part with relationship ID rId2 was not found in the file.
In construction
projects, significant
uncertainty exists
throughout the
project. Weather
conditions, soil
conditions, owner
changes, and the
interaction between
multiple operations
can produce unique
circumstances,
which could be as
critical as the
planned activities
and have a
significant impact on
project cost
14. Quality in manufacturing is related more closely to process control
than to product conformance. Common tasks are defect
prevention, monitoring, & intervention. Rework is generally avoided,
and in some cases, parts are discarded rather than reprocessed
Quality Control Process
15. In contrast, quality in
construction primarily
related to product
conformance.
Specifications & drawings
determine quality
standards, & quality
assurance is the joint effort
of the construction
company & the owner to
meet safety requirements,
environmental
considerations, and
conformance with
applicable regulations.
Rework is a common
practice because only one
final product will be
delivered
16. Supply in manufacturing is an order-driven activity that is
synchronized through material handling systems. The operations
sequence in manufacturing is determined during the product design
phase, and changes are limited by the determined layout.
Supply Process
17. Supply in construction is schedule driven because the process span is
longer & the sequence of tasks can be modified, if required, by
unforeseen exceptions. The construction supply chain is main
contractor-client based.
18. Subcontracting can account for most of the value of the project,
and because project activities are totally interrelated, the
relationship between subcontractors and the general contractor
demands much cooperation and transparency.
19. The lean enterprise concept comprises a variety of production systems
that share certain principles such as 5S, waste minimization, responsiveness
to change, just-in-time, effective relationships within the value stream,
continuous improvement, & quality from the beginning
The Lean Enterprise Philosophy
20. The lean organization defines the activities on which the system
focuses; to design, supply, and manufacturing as the core activities
of the lean organization
21. Toyota has developed the techniques that support the principles of
lean production by the Toyota Production System (TPS) as a
combination of methods with consistent goals: cost reduction, quality
assurance, and respect for humanity to ensure sustainable growth
Techniques in Lean Manufacturing
22. There are four main elements identified in TPS: Just-In-Time
(JIT), Jidoka, workforce flexibility, and creative thinking.
23. Just-in-time is based on the concept that inventories are not
valuable and should be regarded as waste; accordingly, units
should be available only when required. 3 methods are
associated with just-in-time.
1. Just-In-Time (JIT)
24. 1. The Kanban (Japanese for “card” or “sign”) system is used to
minimize inventories according to backward requests that flow
through cards, baskets, or digital signals
25. 2. Heijunka ensures that fluctuation in demand can be met
by the right sequence of production in minimum batches
26. 3. SMED (Single-Minute Exchange of Dies) is a system for dramatically
reducing the time it takes to complete equipment changeovers. The
essence of the SMED system is to convert as many changeover steps
as possible to “external” (performed while the equipment is running),
and to simplify and streamline the remaining steps.
27. Jidoka describes as "intelligent automation" or "automation with a human
touch“, a mechanism in a lean manufacturing process that helps a worker
avoid (yokeru) mistakes (poka). Its purpose is to eliminate product defects
by preventing, correcting, or drawing attention to human errors as they
occur.
2. Jidoka
28. Maintaining a flexible workforce allows a company to match its labor
requirements with the fluctuating level of demand for its product.
3. Workforce Flexibility
29. With a flexible machine arrangement, it is possible to rotate positions
in the production line and adjust the size of the crew to the pace
required.
30. Only with well-defined operations can the crew attend multiple
machines reliably. Machine operation should also be planned
through preventive maintenance activities.
31. Creative thinking offers continuous improvement through feedback
and supports the continual improvement of a production line’s daily
tasks.
4. Creative Thinking
32. Problem-solving skills prevent defects from recurring. Teamwork
empowers workers with control over the operation and allows for task
rotation.
34. In lean manufacturing, the impact of fluctuating demand levels controlled
by optimizing the sequence of products with minimum batch sizes are
reduced, demand fluctuations can be managed by making small
adjustments to the production volume and the resources allocated.
1. Flow Variability
35. Techniques associated with production leveling are product
sequence scheduling, flexible standard operations, multifunctional
layout design, and total preventive maintenance.
36. Flow variability greatly influences lean construction practices
because the late completion of one trade can affect the overall
completion time of a project.
37. “Last planner” is a technique that supports the realization of plans in
a timely manners. Last planners are the people accountable for the
completion of individual assignments at the operational level.
38. The last planner process starts with the reverse phase schedule (RPS),
i.e., a detailed work plan specifying hand-offs between trades for
each phase.
39. Autonomation (Jidoka) is the notion that immediate action should be
taken to prevent defects at the source so that they do not flow
through the process.
2. Process Variability
40. In lean manufacturing, visual inspection allows workers the autonomy to
control their own machines so that when they identify defective parts,
they can stop the process to identify the root cause.
42. Because defects are difficult to find before installation, quality in
construction has traditionally been focused on conformance. Lean
construction concentrates efforts on defect prevention.
43. The image part with relationship ID rId13 was not found in the file.
Failsafe actions can be implemented on a job site to ensure
first-time quality compliance on all assignments.
44. The image part with relationship ID rId13 was not found in the file.
In lean manufacturing, any resource that does not contribute to better
performance is regarded as waste that should be eliminated from the
system. The 5S’s can be used to identify waste, eliminated and make
transparency in plants.
3. Transparency
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In construction, the 5S’s allow for a transparent job site, at which materials
flow efficiently between warehouses and specific jobs in the field. Since
construction has mobile workstations, increased visualization can help
identify the work flow and create awareness of action plans on a job site.
46. The image part with relationship ID rId13 was not found in the file.
Continuous improvement cannot be associated with a specific technique. In
fact, all techniques are set to drive continuous improvement via problem solving
& creative thinking. However, in lean manufacturing, quality circles provide an
opportunity for workers to actively participate in process improvement.
4. Continuous Improvement
47. The image part with relationship ID rId13 was not found in the file.
These teams meet periodically to propose ideas for the most visible problems in
the workplace. Quality, maintenance, cost reduction, and safety issues can be
worked out by the teams to provide potential solutions for future activities.
48. The image part with relationship ID rId13 was not found in the file.
The benefits of the quality circles are not only the implemented ideas
but also the learning process that workers experience.
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Operations are examined in detail, bringing ideas and suggestions to
explore alternative ways of doing the work. The PDCA (plan, do,
check, and act) cycle is used to develop the first-run study.
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First, one “plans” a work process to study, analyzes the process steps, and
brainstorms how to eliminate unneeded steps. To “do,” one tests new ideas on
the first run. To “check,” what actually happens is described & measured. To
“act,” the team is to reconvened, and teammates communicate the improved
method as the standard to meet.
51. The image part with relationship ID rId13 was not found in the file.
To ensure continuous improvement, the team’s capabilities must be
best used to develop both individual and joint contributions.