This document summarizes a study on the current status of lean construction techniques in the local construction industry. It provides an overview of the study's objectives to identify the level of implementation of lean tools/techniques and the benefits achieved. It also describes the research methodology used, which included a questionnaire survey and data analysis using reliability testing and Kendall's W test to rank the most implemented lean tools and achieved benefits. The results found that the most implemented techniques are pull planning, work standardization, and fail-safe for quality, while the top benefits are greater profitability, minimized inventory, and defects reduction. The conclusion recommends fully implementing lean through workshops and research to better understand and utilize the techniques.
BIM Lecture Note (5/6)
Objectives
* The challenges of Building Construction Project
* To understand what is IPD & LEAN Construction
* To understand Asset Lifecycle Management (iBIM)
*How to apply ALM & BIM to enable LEAN Construction
Question
* How iBIM can be applied to enable IPD & LEAN Construction?
A brief introduction to understand Lean's natural development through human evolution, how it was scientifically documented and developed in manufacturing and how it is transforming the construction sector
Lean construction aims to transform project management by removing waste and improving productivity, quality, schedules and costs. It draws from lean manufacturing principles to minimize non-value adding activities through tools like target value design, pull scheduling using the Last Planner System, and building information modeling (BIM). Integrated project delivery brings project teams together early through lean contracts to collaboratively design-to-budget and optimize the whole project, rather than sub-optimizing parts. This new approach requires transforming project culture from adversarial to relational and focusing on customer value and continuous improvement.
This document discusses integrating constructability reviews with lean construction and work planning. It describes how constructability must be considered early in the project life cycle during planning, design, procurement, and mobilization phases. Conducting detailed reviews of designs, models, specifications, and construction processes allows constructability specialists to identify issues like errors, unclear specifications, complex features, and aspects that will be difficult to bid or construct. The document also outlines key aspects of lean construction including maximizing value and reducing waste through techniques like supply chain management and just-in-time. Weekly work plans are identified as a tool to implement lean construction principles and production scheduling.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANING
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
5 STEPS TO THE PERFECT CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PROCESS
PRE TENDER PLANNING
PRE CONTRACT PLANNING
ROLE OF CLIENT
ROLE OF CONTRACTOR
PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS
PLANNING A PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULING
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
ACTIVITY-ON-ARROW NETWORK
DUMMY ACTIVITIES
DANGLING ACTIVITY
CYCLE IN NETWORK
PRECEDENCE NETWORKS
TIME ESTIMATES
MILESTONES IN PROJECT
TIME ANALYSIS
CRITICAL PATH, SLACK AND FLOAT
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND BAR CHART
WHAT IS NETWORK
PERT / CPM Techniques
TERMS USED IN A NETWORK
RULES OF NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
NETWORK SYMBOLS
BIM Lecture Note (5/6)
Objectives
* The challenges of Building Construction Project
* To understand what is IPD & LEAN Construction
* To understand Asset Lifecycle Management (iBIM)
*How to apply ALM & BIM to enable LEAN Construction
Question
* How iBIM can be applied to enable IPD & LEAN Construction?
A brief introduction to understand Lean's natural development through human evolution, how it was scientifically documented and developed in manufacturing and how it is transforming the construction sector
Lean construction aims to transform project management by removing waste and improving productivity, quality, schedules and costs. It draws from lean manufacturing principles to minimize non-value adding activities through tools like target value design, pull scheduling using the Last Planner System, and building information modeling (BIM). Integrated project delivery brings project teams together early through lean contracts to collaboratively design-to-budget and optimize the whole project, rather than sub-optimizing parts. This new approach requires transforming project culture from adversarial to relational and focusing on customer value and continuous improvement.
This document discusses integrating constructability reviews with lean construction and work planning. It describes how constructability must be considered early in the project life cycle during planning, design, procurement, and mobilization phases. Conducting detailed reviews of designs, models, specifications, and construction processes allows constructability specialists to identify issues like errors, unclear specifications, complex features, and aspects that will be difficult to bid or construct. The document also outlines key aspects of lean construction including maximizing value and reducing waste through techniques like supply chain management and just-in-time. Weekly work plans are identified as a tool to implement lean construction principles and production scheduling.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANING
WHAT IS CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
5 STEPS TO THE PERFECT CONSTRUCTION PLANNING PROCESS
PRE TENDER PLANNING
PRE CONTRACT PLANNING
ROLE OF CLIENT
ROLE OF CONTRACTOR
PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT OF PLANS
PLANNING A PROJECT
INTRODUCTION TO SCHEDULING
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE
BAR CHARTS (GANTT CHARTS)
NETWORK TECHNIQUES
ACTIVITY-ON-ARROW NETWORK
DUMMY ACTIVITIES
DANGLING ACTIVITY
CYCLE IN NETWORK
PRECEDENCE NETWORKS
TIME ESTIMATES
MILESTONES IN PROJECT
TIME ANALYSIS
CRITICAL PATH, SLACK AND FLOAT
NETWORK ANALYSIS AND BAR CHART
WHAT IS NETWORK
PERT / CPM Techniques
TERMS USED IN A NETWORK
RULES OF NETWORK CONSTRUCTION
NETWORK SYMBOLS
The document discusses lean construction and lean manufacturing principles. It provides background on lean construction, explaining that it aims to address issues in the construction industry like low productivity, quality issues, and safety problems. Lean construction takes lean manufacturing principles and adapts them to the project-based nature of construction. It focuses on eliminating waste in processes, identifying value-adding activities, and making workflows flow smoothly. The document also gives an overview of lean manufacturing concepts like the seven wastes, lean tools and techniques, and how lean is implemented through a continuous improvement approach.
Construction planning and management are closely related and involve executing construction plans using various management techniques. Modern technology is important for construction management, planning, equipment, contracts, safety, and earthquake management. Proper planning and management are necessary to complete construction on time and within budget. Effective construction planning and management involves organizing work, allocating resources, monitoring progress, and controlling costs and quality.
Lean construction is the continuous process of eliminating waste, meeting or exceeding all customer requirements, focusing on the entire value stream and pursuing perfection in the execution of a constructed project.
Project
A Project is defined as a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product/service/results.
Product
The product in case of a construction project is the constructed facility such as a building, a bridge, a highway, a dam, a canal, a factory etc.
The document discusses various aspects of construction project management. It covers topics like defining a project and project management, the roles and responsibilities of a project manager, the need for project management, and the project management triangle involving time, cost, and scope constraints. It also describes key phases of project management like planning, execution, control, and closure. Important tools for planning and scheduling projects are discussed, including bar charts, critical path method (CPM), and program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
This document discusses project management principles and techniques. It covers topics like organizing and managing projects, planning projects, review procedures, reporting, and project termination. It describes various project management functions including defining project scope, deciding how activities will be executed, developing suitable project organizations, preparing implementation plans, and monitoring and controlling progress. It also discusses techniques for project planning like network analysis, bar charts, work breakdown structures, critical path method, and time/resource analysis.
Construction planning - Construction Technology and Project Managementsrinivas2036
The document discusses construction project planning. It defines planning as developing a method or scheme in advance. Construction planning involves optimally utilizing resources like people, equipment, materials and money. Key activities in construction planning include defining the scope of work, identifying involved activities, establishing project duration, defining resource control procedures, and updating plans. Different types of project plans may focus on schedule, cost, quality or safety. Techniques used in planning include work breakdown structure, precedence, network logic and critical path method.
This document discusses waste management at construction sites. It defines waste as anything that does not create value for the customer. Common problems at construction sites like time and cost overruns, low productivity, and safety issues are caused by significant waste. There are two approaches to improving efficiency: increasing value-adding activities and eliminating non-value adding activities. Lean construction aims to continuously transform waste into value from the customer's perspective by classifying activities as value-adding or non-value adding. Implementing lean principles can provide benefits for customers, businesses, management, and staff such as lower costs, increased profits, improved safety, and a more pleasant work environment.
Construction Project Management is an important subject to learn in Civil Engineering.
Significance • As construction involves various activities starting from the design and planning to project completion and quality check, there is a exorbitant need for Management of construction. • Construction Industry plays a crucial role in the economy and development of a nation.
4. Objectives To complete the project in specified time and with allocated budget. To Plan and schedule the work and distribute between various departments. Deployment of personnel in Different tasks. To achieve High quality workmanship. Creating an organisation that works as a team. Using the limited available resources and producing maximum output. Providing safe and satisfactory working conditions for all personnel and workers.
5. Functions: Planning & Scheduling Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling & Co-ordinating
6. Stages of construction Briefing Designing Tendering Construction Commissioning
7. 1) Briefing Stage • This stage consists of framework required for the construction work to take a shape from the ideology of client and feasibility of Project which involves architects, engineers and project manager.
Objectives Developing Alternatives Feasible Solution ? Evaluation of Alternatives Report & Recommendation Technical and non technical Investigations
8. 2) Designing or planning Stage Prepare construction schedule Prepare final cost estimate Prepare Working Drawings and specificati ons Prepare scheme and detailed designs Soil investigations, Topographic investigation, material supply and market surveys etc Carry out Technical Investigations Final adoption of the most suitable summary Finalize Project Summary
This document discusses planning and scheduling a residential construction project using Primavera software. The main goals of the project are to study the basics of Primavera, select a residential building plan, estimate quantities, schedule activities, create a work breakdown structure, budget the project, and generate reports. Primavera is a project management tool that uses critical path methodology to calculate activity durations and floats. It has Gantt chart views to display the project schedule. The document defines key terms like project, activity, resource, and time and cost parameters that can be measured using planning software. It also describes the project life cycle and monitoring process to ensure the project stays on schedule and budget.
Chapter 3 Construction Planning and Scheduling lect. 3.pptssuserb4074f
This document provides an overview of construction planning and scheduling. It discusses the importance of construction planning, including the advantages of planning before, during, and after a project's completion. It also outlines the steps involved in construction planning, including determining activities, sequencing activities, estimating activity durations, and developing schedules. The document also discusses construction scheduling techniques like bar charts, network scheduling using critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation review technique (PERT), and how to calculate critical paths.
Construction Management Introduction pptRajeshPV12
DEFINITION OF PROJECT, CONSTRUCTION,CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT.1.1.0 Understand the importance and functions of management in construction projects and various elements involved in it.
1.1.1 Explain the salient features of construction projects.
1.1.2 List different types of construction projects.
1.1.3 Identify various elements of construction projects
. 1.1.4 Identify the activities performed by construction industry.
1.1.5 Illustrate the functions of construction management.
for the subject offered in GTU in the final year (8th semester), construction management
final year
Module:- 5 project scheduling and resource leveling
The document discusses quality control procedures for construction projects. It outlines that designers, manufacturers, and contractors must ensure minimum quality standards are met. Quality inspectors should inspect all construction processes according to the contractor's method statements and contract documents. The document also discusses ISO standards, quality assurance programs, and sources of technical information for quality control procedures in architecture, engineering, site management, and inspection.
The document provides an overview of key construction documentation topics including:
1) Obtaining work through various contract types such as competitive bid, design-build, and construction management.
2) The components of a project manual including drawings, specifications, contract documents and addenda.
3) Requirements for documentation of activities, circumstances, meetings and correspondence throughout the project.
Construction Managemnt
CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS / LEADERS
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS GROUPS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIANGLE
The document discusses several case studies of construction projects around the world. It describes challenges faced in each project such as unpredictable costs, coordination of contractors, and damage from natural disasters. It also outlines solutions and resources used to successfully complete the projects on schedule and budget, improve infrastructure, and meet stakeholder needs. Project managers played a key role in planning, risk management, and community engagement to deliver high-quality outcomes.
This document discusses construction project management. It begins with an introduction to project management and its goals of completing projects on time, within budget and to quality standards. It then outlines the typical steps in project management including initiation, planning, construction and closeout. It discusses working with project teams and techniques for scheduling like Gantt charts. The document also covers project budgeting, planning tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM), and concludes with case studies of large construction projects like Burj Khalifa that achieved tight schedules through use of new technologies and project management best practices.
This document discusses construction productivity and benchmarking. It defines productivity as output per unit of input. Productivity is important for economic growth and competitiveness. Construction productivity depends on factors like project uniqueness, technology, management, labor organization, and training. Methods to improve productivity include training programs, incentives, site facilities, safety programs, and benchmarking. Benchmarking involves comparing performance to other organizations to identify best practices. Key performance indicators in construction include cost, schedule, quality, and labor productivity. The document presents data on labor productivity benchmarks for activities like concreting in different Indian regions and internationally.
The objective of this presentation is to list the management topics which are of importance and known.
Most of the new comers do not know the topics.
So this is to be taken as a list and a short description. And you can get the details from the internet for each topic.
Contact information :
Khawar Nehal
http://atrc.net.pk
+92 343 270 2932
+92 331 2036 422
khawar@atrc.net.pk
IRJET- Study on Agile Management in Construction Project using Scrumban Metho...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using an agile project management approach called Scrumban for construction projects. Scrumban combines elements of Scrum and Kanban project management methods. It advocates for visualizing workflow, limiting work-in-progress, making team rules explicit, and incorporating Kanban concepts like pull-based work into the Scrum framework. The document argues Scrumban can increase client involvement, improve risk management, and help track a project's progress. It provides an overview of how Scrumban frameworks are developed and its potential advantages, such as predictable costs and delivery, improved quality, and a focus on business value and users.
The document discusses lean construction and lean manufacturing principles. It provides background on lean construction, explaining that it aims to address issues in the construction industry like low productivity, quality issues, and safety problems. Lean construction takes lean manufacturing principles and adapts them to the project-based nature of construction. It focuses on eliminating waste in processes, identifying value-adding activities, and making workflows flow smoothly. The document also gives an overview of lean manufacturing concepts like the seven wastes, lean tools and techniques, and how lean is implemented through a continuous improvement approach.
Construction planning and management are closely related and involve executing construction plans using various management techniques. Modern technology is important for construction management, planning, equipment, contracts, safety, and earthquake management. Proper planning and management are necessary to complete construction on time and within budget. Effective construction planning and management involves organizing work, allocating resources, monitoring progress, and controlling costs and quality.
Lean construction is the continuous process of eliminating waste, meeting or exceeding all customer requirements, focusing on the entire value stream and pursuing perfection in the execution of a constructed project.
Project
A Project is defined as a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product/service/results.
Product
The product in case of a construction project is the constructed facility such as a building, a bridge, a highway, a dam, a canal, a factory etc.
The document discusses various aspects of construction project management. It covers topics like defining a project and project management, the roles and responsibilities of a project manager, the need for project management, and the project management triangle involving time, cost, and scope constraints. It also describes key phases of project management like planning, execution, control, and closure. Important tools for planning and scheduling projects are discussed, including bar charts, critical path method (CPM), and program evaluation and review technique (PERT).
This document discusses project management principles and techniques. It covers topics like organizing and managing projects, planning projects, review procedures, reporting, and project termination. It describes various project management functions including defining project scope, deciding how activities will be executed, developing suitable project organizations, preparing implementation plans, and monitoring and controlling progress. It also discusses techniques for project planning like network analysis, bar charts, work breakdown structures, critical path method, and time/resource analysis.
Construction planning - Construction Technology and Project Managementsrinivas2036
The document discusses construction project planning. It defines planning as developing a method or scheme in advance. Construction planning involves optimally utilizing resources like people, equipment, materials and money. Key activities in construction planning include defining the scope of work, identifying involved activities, establishing project duration, defining resource control procedures, and updating plans. Different types of project plans may focus on schedule, cost, quality or safety. Techniques used in planning include work breakdown structure, precedence, network logic and critical path method.
This document discusses waste management at construction sites. It defines waste as anything that does not create value for the customer. Common problems at construction sites like time and cost overruns, low productivity, and safety issues are caused by significant waste. There are two approaches to improving efficiency: increasing value-adding activities and eliminating non-value adding activities. Lean construction aims to continuously transform waste into value from the customer's perspective by classifying activities as value-adding or non-value adding. Implementing lean principles can provide benefits for customers, businesses, management, and staff such as lower costs, increased profits, improved safety, and a more pleasant work environment.
Construction Project Management is an important subject to learn in Civil Engineering.
Significance • As construction involves various activities starting from the design and planning to project completion and quality check, there is a exorbitant need for Management of construction. • Construction Industry plays a crucial role in the economy and development of a nation.
4. Objectives To complete the project in specified time and with allocated budget. To Plan and schedule the work and distribute between various departments. Deployment of personnel in Different tasks. To achieve High quality workmanship. Creating an organisation that works as a team. Using the limited available resources and producing maximum output. Providing safe and satisfactory working conditions for all personnel and workers.
5. Functions: Planning & Scheduling Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling & Co-ordinating
6. Stages of construction Briefing Designing Tendering Construction Commissioning
7. 1) Briefing Stage • This stage consists of framework required for the construction work to take a shape from the ideology of client and feasibility of Project which involves architects, engineers and project manager.
Objectives Developing Alternatives Feasible Solution ? Evaluation of Alternatives Report & Recommendation Technical and non technical Investigations
8. 2) Designing or planning Stage Prepare construction schedule Prepare final cost estimate Prepare Working Drawings and specificati ons Prepare scheme and detailed designs Soil investigations, Topographic investigation, material supply and market surveys etc Carry out Technical Investigations Final adoption of the most suitable summary Finalize Project Summary
This document discusses planning and scheduling a residential construction project using Primavera software. The main goals of the project are to study the basics of Primavera, select a residential building plan, estimate quantities, schedule activities, create a work breakdown structure, budget the project, and generate reports. Primavera is a project management tool that uses critical path methodology to calculate activity durations and floats. It has Gantt chart views to display the project schedule. The document defines key terms like project, activity, resource, and time and cost parameters that can be measured using planning software. It also describes the project life cycle and monitoring process to ensure the project stays on schedule and budget.
Chapter 3 Construction Planning and Scheduling lect. 3.pptssuserb4074f
This document provides an overview of construction planning and scheduling. It discusses the importance of construction planning, including the advantages of planning before, during, and after a project's completion. It also outlines the steps involved in construction planning, including determining activities, sequencing activities, estimating activity durations, and developing schedules. The document also discusses construction scheduling techniques like bar charts, network scheduling using critical path method (CPM) and program evaluation review technique (PERT), and how to calculate critical paths.
Construction Management Introduction pptRajeshPV12
DEFINITION OF PROJECT, CONSTRUCTION,CONSTRUCTION PROJECT, PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT.1.1.0 Understand the importance and functions of management in construction projects and various elements involved in it.
1.1.1 Explain the salient features of construction projects.
1.1.2 List different types of construction projects.
1.1.3 Identify various elements of construction projects
. 1.1.4 Identify the activities performed by construction industry.
1.1.5 Illustrate the functions of construction management.
for the subject offered in GTU in the final year (8th semester), construction management
final year
Module:- 5 project scheduling and resource leveling
The document discusses quality control procedures for construction projects. It outlines that designers, manufacturers, and contractors must ensure minimum quality standards are met. Quality inspectors should inspect all construction processes according to the contractor's method statements and contract documents. The document also discusses ISO standards, quality assurance programs, and sources of technical information for quality control procedures in architecture, engineering, site management, and inspection.
The document provides an overview of key construction documentation topics including:
1) Obtaining work through various contract types such as competitive bid, design-build, and construction management.
2) The components of a project manual including drawings, specifications, contract documents and addenda.
3) Requirements for documentation of activities, circumstances, meetings and correspondence throughout the project.
Construction Managemnt
CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS / LEADERS
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PROCESS GROUPS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE AREAS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TRIANGLE
The document discusses several case studies of construction projects around the world. It describes challenges faced in each project such as unpredictable costs, coordination of contractors, and damage from natural disasters. It also outlines solutions and resources used to successfully complete the projects on schedule and budget, improve infrastructure, and meet stakeholder needs. Project managers played a key role in planning, risk management, and community engagement to deliver high-quality outcomes.
This document discusses construction project management. It begins with an introduction to project management and its goals of completing projects on time, within budget and to quality standards. It then outlines the typical steps in project management including initiation, planning, construction and closeout. It discusses working with project teams and techniques for scheduling like Gantt charts. The document also covers project budgeting, planning tools like Building Information Modeling (BIM), and concludes with case studies of large construction projects like Burj Khalifa that achieved tight schedules through use of new technologies and project management best practices.
This document discusses construction productivity and benchmarking. It defines productivity as output per unit of input. Productivity is important for economic growth and competitiveness. Construction productivity depends on factors like project uniqueness, technology, management, labor organization, and training. Methods to improve productivity include training programs, incentives, site facilities, safety programs, and benchmarking. Benchmarking involves comparing performance to other organizations to identify best practices. Key performance indicators in construction include cost, schedule, quality, and labor productivity. The document presents data on labor productivity benchmarks for activities like concreting in different Indian regions and internationally.
The objective of this presentation is to list the management topics which are of importance and known.
Most of the new comers do not know the topics.
So this is to be taken as a list and a short description. And you can get the details from the internet for each topic.
Contact information :
Khawar Nehal
http://atrc.net.pk
+92 343 270 2932
+92 331 2036 422
khawar@atrc.net.pk
IRJET- Study on Agile Management in Construction Project using Scrumban Metho...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using an agile project management approach called Scrumban for construction projects. Scrumban combines elements of Scrum and Kanban project management methods. It advocates for visualizing workflow, limiting work-in-progress, making team rules explicit, and incorporating Kanban concepts like pull-based work into the Scrum framework. The document argues Scrumban can increase client involvement, improve risk management, and help track a project's progress. It provides an overview of how Scrumban frameworks are developed and its potential advantages, such as predictable costs and delivery, improved quality, and a focus on business value and users.
Mapping of traditional software development methods to agile methodologycsandit
Agility is bringing in responsibility and ownership in individuals, which will eventually bring
out effectiveness and efficiency in deliverables. Companies are drifting from traditional
Software Development Life Cycle models to Agile Environment for the purpose of attaining
quality and for the sake of saving cost and time. In Traditional models, life cycle is properly
defined and also phases are elaborated by specifying needed input and output parameters. On
the other hand, in Agile environment, phases are specific to methodologies of Agile - Extreme
Programming etc. In this paper a common life cycle approach is proposed that is applicable for
different kinds of methods. This paper also aims to describe a mapping function for mapping of
traditional methods to Agile methods
MAPPING OF TRADITIONAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT METHODS TO AGILE METHODOLOGYcscpconf
Agility is bringing in responsibility and ownership in individuals, which will eventually bring out effectiveness and efficiency in deliverables. Companies are drifting from traditional Software Development Life Cycle models to Agile Environment for the purpose of attaining quality and for the sake of saving cost and time. In Traditional models, life cycle is properly defined and also phases are elaborated by specifying needed input and output parameters. On the other hand, in Agile environment, phases are specific to methodologies of Agile - Extreme
Programming etc. In this paper a common life cycle approach is proposed that is applicable for different kinds of methods. This paper also aims to describe a mapping function for mapping of traditional methods to Agile methods.
Minimising waste in construction by using lean six sigma principleIAEME Publication
This document discusses how lean six sigma principles can be applied to minimize waste in construction projects. It first provides background on lean production and six sigma methods. It then discusses how the 5S methodology (seiri, seiton, seiso, seiketsu, shitsuke) can help identify and eliminate waste at various construction stages through improved organization, cleanliness and standardization. The benefits of applying 5S principles in construction include improved safety, productivity and quality. Key lean principles like reducing non-value adding activities, continuous improvement and flexibility are also important for efficient construction. Overall waste can be minimized through proper planning, material management and applying lean six sigma techniques.
Minimising waste in construction by using lean six sigma principleIAEME Publication
This document discusses how lean six sigma principles can be used to minimize waste in construction projects. It first provides background on lean six sigma and its goals of eliminating waste and defects. It then discusses how the 5S methodology (sort, set in order, shine, standardize, and sustain) can be applied to construction processes to establish order and cleanliness. Some benefits of implementing 5S in construction include improved safety, productivity, quality and reduced lead times. The document provides examples of how lean principles like just-in-time delivery and visual management can help minimize waste in construction material management, planning and work execution.
This document discusses integrating lean supply chain principles with construction work planning and value engineering. It describes lean construction as focusing on maximizing value and reducing waste through techniques like supply chain management and just-in-time delivery. Work planning involves developing weekly construction schedules using a database program and lean techniques like last planner to improve planning and reduce issues. Value engineering analyzes design components to achieve essential functions at lowest cost through a structured creative process. Integrating these lean approaches can help construction projects improve planning, reduce waste and costs, and increase value.
This document discusses integrating lean supply chain management techniques with construction work planning and value engineering. It describes how lean principles like just-in-time delivery and eliminating waste can improve construction project delivery. Work planning involves developing weekly work packages and addressing any issues or constraints to work completion. Value engineering uses a structured process including information gathering, functional analysis, and idea generation to identify design or process alternatives that reduce costs over the life cycle of a project while meeting performance needs. Integrating these lean approaches can help construction management teams effectively plan work and continuously improve project value and efficiency.
The document defines terms commonly used in Agile software development methods. It includes definitions for terms like acceptance criteria, actual time estimation, Agile, Agile Manifesto, Agile Unified Process (AgileUP), Application Lifecycle Management, burn down chart, cadence, capacity, chickens and pigs story, complexity points, continuous integration, Crystal framework, customer unit, and daily scrum. The glossary provides concise explanations of these important concepts in Agile development.
This document describes the Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) which is a framework for implementing agile development practices at the enterprise level. It discusses how SAFe addresses the limitations of traditional waterfall development and scales agile to meet the needs of large projects. SAFe incorporates key lean principles and consists of three levels - Team, Program, and Portfolio. At each level it defines roles and practices for planning, prioritizing work, and delivering value in short iterations. The goal of SAFe is to synchronize collaboration across many agile teams to continuously and predictably deliver working software.
Productivity Improvement by Applying DILO (Time and Motion) and Lean PrinciplesIJERA Editor
In recent years, service industries are struggling to improve their processes efficiencies. Lean principles and the methodologies are becoming a prime problem solving approaches to perform the operational processes with a minimum non-value adding activities resulting in reduced wait time, movements, defect rates and other delays in the process. This paper addresses the implementation of lean principles in a one of the service organizations. The main objective of this paper is to draw the As-Is process map, conduct process analysis to identify non-value added activities, capture the time using DILO (day in a life of…), simplify or eliminate the same and improve efficiency of the process. Through the application of lean principles the As-Is and To-Be process maps are constructed to improve the operational processes by identifying different waste and its sources of wastes. A noticeable reduction in processing time is observed in the process by simplifying and eliminating the non value added activities in the process. This case study can be useful in developing a more generic approach to design lean environment
The document discusses various process improvement initiatives that airports have increasingly adopted to enhance efficiency and productivity. It describes initiatives such as best practice benchmarking, total quality management, balanced scorecards, business process reengineering, quality management systems, and the European Foundation for Quality Management model. These initiatives aim to systematically assess, measure, and improve overall airport operations through strategic planning, standardized processes, performance metrics, and continuous improvement.
IRJET- Application of Continuous Improvement Process in Manufacturing IndustryIRJET Journal
This document discusses the application of continuous improvement processes in manufacturing industries. It defines continuous improvement as an ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes through incremental improvements over time. Kaizen is introduced as a Japanese concept that calls for continuous improvement to increase productivity and quality. Some key continuous improvement techniques discussed include 5S, Poka-Yoke, PDCA cycles, value stream mapping, and eliminating types of waste. The implementation of continuous improvement processes involves techniques like total quality management, suggestion systems, JIT production, and empowering employees through small work groups.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
The document discusses the benefits of adopting an agile approach to software development and project management. Some key benefits mentioned include faster time to market, increased productivity, fewer defects, cost savings, and better employee engagement. Adopting agile approaches allows organizations to build high-quality products that customers value more quickly by delivering in short iterations and incorporating frequent customer feedback. It also helps reduce risks and eliminate waste compared to traditional sequential development methods. Successfully implementing agile requires changes not just to development teams but also to organizational structures, processes, and culture.
This document provides an overview of traditional and agile project management. It defines key terms like project, project management, traditional project management, and agile project management. The document also discusses some of the strengths and weaknesses of specific agile methodologies like Scrum and XP. Finally, it explores how companies can use hybrid agile methodologies to implement agile principles and remain flexible and profitable.
This document is a project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Computer Science and Engineering. It describes the development of a system called "PROACTIVE" aimed at quality assurance and control for an international manufacturer of semiconductor materials. The proposed system would analyze manufacturing data to detect quality issues and respond proactively, as opposed to traditional reactive quality applications. It would balance production throughput needs with stringent quality control for solar module components.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
1. CURRENT STATUS OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES IN LOCAL
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
RESPECTED
DR AFTAB HAMEED MEMON
&
DR MOHSIN ALI SOOMRO
QUAID-E-AWAM UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY, NAWABSHAH, PAKISTAN
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
2. OUR TEAM
SALAHUDDIN KOLACHI 13CE42 GROUP LEADER
ABU BAKAR 13-12CE102 (A.G.L)
MIR AWAIS TALPUR 13CE20 (MEMBER)
ALI RAZA 13-12CE59 (MEMBER)
MUJEEB REHMAN 13CE90 (MEMBER)
MUKHTIAR ALI 13-12CE134 (MEMBER)
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Identifying status of level of Implementation of Lean Tools & Techniques in Construction
industry.
Identifying Benefits achieved by using Lean Construction Management.
5. PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose of this study is to increase the productivity in construction projects by removing
wastes ( non-value activities) and evaluating different lean concepts and tools in construction
industry that are currently adopted by construction sector.
The aim is to find out lean concepts and tools that are most suitable to use in construction
projects. If lean concepts give benefits and could be used in projects, there are no barriers for the
companies to implement lean concepts for increasing the productivity
6. LEAN
Lean is a thinking that makes an evolution in Management System and is accepted as Standard
system of Management.
7. The core idea of Lean Management is to eliminate every kind of waste, found in Production
process to smooth workflow by early study of constraints and variances.
A lean organization understands customer value and focuses its key processes to
continuously increase it. Lean focuses on what customers wants not on what company can
give to customers.
Lean Management system focuses to produce the right product at the right time in the right
quantity for the customers and to provide exactly what he need and nothing more with fewer
resources.
15. LEAN CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES
From 67 research papers and 31 thesis from past researchers, literature mapping was done from that
34 different lean tools was analyzed, based on their adaptation, 20 lean tools were selected for
Questionnaire survey to assess the status of lean techniques.
These 20 techniques are briefly explains to know their functions.
16. LAST PLANNER SYSTEM
The main function of this tool is Production Control by schedulling.
17. JUST IN TIME
JIT system is a production cost system in the specified time for certain productivity
within the project; productivity which leads to its development and reduce its costs.
It is an inventory costs system in a timely manner, which works on receiving materials
today and use them tomorrow and this can be effected by adjusting the time of material
receipt at the time we start using it in production and adjusting the time of completion
with the time we delivered to customer. This represents a step in controlling stocks
systems leading to a JIT process.
18.
19. INCREASED VISUALIZATION
The increased visualization lean tool is about communicating key information effectively to
the workforce through posting various signs and labels around the construction site. Workers
can remember elements such as workflow, performance targets, and specific required actions
if they visualize them (Moser and Dos Santos 2003).
This includes signs related to safety, schedule, and quality.
It works on 3d visualization software like BIM and other Modelling softwares.
20.
21. FIRST RUN STUDIES
First Run Studies are used to redesign critical assignments (Ballard and Howell et al., 1977),
part of continuous improvement effort; and include productivity studies and review work
methods by redesigning and streamlining the different functions involved.
A PDCA cycle (plan, do, check, act) is suggested to develop the study
22.
23. DAILY HUDDLE MEETINGS
(TOOL-BOX MEETINGS)
Two-way communication is the key of the daily huddle meeting process in order to achieve
employee involvement. With awareness of the project and problem solving involvement along
with some training that is provided by other tools, employee satisfaction (job meaningfulness,
self-esteem, sense of growth) will increase.
As part of the improvement cycle, a brief daily start-up meeting was conducted where team
members quickly give the status of what they had been working on since the previous day's
meeting, especially if an issue might prevent the completion of an assignment
24. THE FIVE STEPS PLAN 5S PROCESS
The list describes how to organize a work space for efficiency and effectiveness by identifying and
storing the items used, maintaining the area and items, and sustaining the new order. The decision-
making process usually comes from a dialogue about standardization, which builds understanding
among employees of how they should do the work.
25.
26. FAIL-SAFE FOR QUALITY
Check for Quality
An overall quality assessment was completed at the beginning of the project. Most quality issues
could be addressed by standard practices, and it seemed there was little room for improvement.
Check for Safety
Safety was tracked with safety action plans, i.e., lists of main risk items prepared by each crew.
Potential hazards were studied and explored during the job. Most hazards, such as eye injuries, falls
and trips, and hearing loss, have standard countermeasures; however, in practice, workers have to
be reminded of safety practices (Salem et al., 2006).
27. VALUE STREAM MAPPING
Value stream mapping is a tool to identify non-value adding activities and waste.
A value stream map divide the process into smaller sub-process, activities or tasks to clarify how
the product flow between the activities.
The purpose is to identify which activities that add value and which activities that do not add
value, and thereafter look for opportunities and eliminate the nonessential non-value adding
activities. The stakeholders of each activity have to be involved to determine potential time and
cost savings in an activity.
28. KAIZEN
Kaizen is a Japanese word for improvement.
This Lean construction tool involves looking at some task in the field and finding out how to do
it better, more efficiently, safer and quicker.
Standardization of processes is a requirement before starting on Kaizen activities.
29.
30. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Total quality management (TQM) consists of organization-wide efforts to install and make
permanent a climate in which an organization continuously improves its ability to deliver high-
quality products and services to customers. While there is no widely agreed-upon approach.
TQM efforts typically draw heavily on the previously developed tools and techniques of quality
control. TQM enjoyed widespread attention during the late 1980s and early 1990s before being
overshadowed by ISO 9000.
31.
32. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
Concurrent Engineering approach emphasizes exactly the design flows and the role of the
design in adding value to the clients.
Concurrent Engineering (CE) is a systematic approach to the integrated, concurrent design of
products and their related processes, including manufacture and support. This approach is
intended to cause the developer, from the outset, to consider all elements of the product
lifecycle from concept through disposal, including quality control, cost, scheduling and user
requirements.
33. INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY
IPD is a Lean Construction tool aimed at improving the traditional construction management
structure by encouraging AEs, CPMs and legal departments to craft contract terms that align
interests of key project team members with a view to setting a better playing field and
working together towards a common goal where risks and rewards are shared.
34.
35. KANBAN SYSTEM
In Japanese, the word Kanban means ‘card’ or ‘sign’ and is the name given to the inventory
control card used in a pull system. The aim of a ‘pull’ system is to produce only what is
needed, when it is needed, and in the right quantities.
36. POKE YOKE
Poka-yoke’s priority is to prevent defects from occurring in the first step by correcting the
condition of work so the product could flow correctly in value stream. A good mistake-proofing
device is one that requires no attention from the worker.
37. WORK STANDARDIZATION
Standardized work is one of the most powerful but least used lean tools. By documenting the
current best practice, standardized work forms the baseline for kaizen or continuous
improvement.
As the standard is improved, the new standard becomes the baseline for further
improvements, and so on. Improving standardized work is a never-ending process.
38. ONE PIECE FLOW
One Piece Flow is a fundamental element of becoming lean.
To think of processing one unit at a time usually sends a shudder through the organization
which has batch manufacturing as its life blood.
The word "one" does not necessarily have a literal meaning. It should be related to the
customers' requirements and could be one unit of order. However, what it does mean is that
the organization should only process what the customer wants, in the quantity he wants and
when he wants it.
39.
40. RE-ENGINEERING
In reengineering whole workflow for each activity/process is redesign considering constraints,
variances, non-value activities and then taking appropriate solution to remove or minimize these
to make uniform workflow.
Reengineering can be used from design phase to final execution phase by defining value of each
step or process.
Industry can apply the reengineering concept or a derivative of this concept, not only at the level
of frim but also at the level of complete industry sector, this will be a major contribution to the
advancement of the construction sector and would be a considerable achievement.
41. CREATIVE THINKING
Construction industry sometimes require innovative thinking to achieve new heights in
construction.
During the process of construction or designing we are faced with the problems for that we have
to think of a creative way so that the problem can be solved with the most efficient way and the
waste can be minimized as much as possible.
42. TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE
(TPM)
TPM is a powerful program for planning and achieving minimal machine downtime.
Equipment and tools are literally put on “proactive” maintenance schedules to keep them
running efficiently and with greatly reduced downtime. Machine operators take far greater
responsibility for their machines upkeep.
Maintenance technicians are liberated from mundane, routine maintenance, enabling them to
focus on urgent repairs and proactive maintenance activities.
A solid TPM program allows you to plan your downtime and keep breakdowns to a
minimum.
43.
44. PULL PLANNING
A tool that strengthens our current scheduling process by helping manage risk through detailed
collaborative planning and continuous improvement.
Pull Planning is a technique that is used as part of the Last Planner System to develop a
coordinated plan for one phase of a project. However, with practice, Pull Planning should
become much more efficient.
People mistake merely scheduling a phase of work from the end working backwards for the
intent of push planning rather than pull planning.
45.
46. BENEFITS OF LEAN CONSTRUCTION
21 Benefits were examined from literature mapping of past researchers that are ;
1. Reduce Project Duration
2. Reduction in waste
3. Smooth Workflow
4. Visual Control
5. Improved Safety
6. Improved Project Quality
7. Client’s Satisfication
8. Improved Flexibility
9. Proper Scheduling
47. 10. Defects Reduction
11. Standardizing Work
12. Simplifying Work
13. Reduction in Cost
14. Proper Estimation
15. Greater Profit
16. Improved Communication
17. Minimize inventory
18. Control Budget
19. Proper Task Management
20. Simplify Data organizing
21. Stress Free Working Environment
49. DATA COLLECTION
To determine the current and beneficial status of lean construction management techniques,
Data survey was conducted in different companies of Sindh, Pakistan to collect data.
For data collection survey was conducted by taking interviews from construction professionals
also a Questionnaire was designed, 100 copies were distributed and almost 34 complete
Questionnaire were collected.
50. DATAANALYSIS
The data analysis involves Microsoft Excel spread sheet program and SPSS v. 20 statistical
software package for the purpose of analysis.
the methods used are Reliability test and Kendall’s W test.
51. Reliability test
The alpha value is 0.791 for overall data. This range is considered high as previous studies
show that if Cronbach α is more than 0.7 it indicates that inner consistency of data is in high
level and it can be highly acceptable (Litwin, 1995; Wong & Cheung, 2005; Yang & Ou,
2008). Since, alpha value for each group as well as overall data estimated for this study is
found higher than 0.7, which indicates that the questionnaire data are valid and reliable.
Descriptrion Cronbach Alpha Number of Items
Tools & Techniques
0.791 20
52. W. Kendall’s Test
This test is conducted by SPSS V.20 to rank the most implemented lean tools in Pakistan.
Ranks are given by mean rank of data that collected from questionnaire survey.
For tools ranking following slide is showing table made from W. Kendall’s test
Benefits ranking is given in next after tools ranking.
53. S.no Tools & Techniques Mean Rank Ranks
1 Pull Approach 13.92 1.00
2 work standarization 13.39 2.00
3 Fail Safe For Quality 12.26 3.00
4 Five Step Plan 5 S's 12.23 4.00
5 Just inTime (JIT) 12.14 5.00
6 Increased Visualization Tools 12.14 6.00
7 Integerated Project Delievery 12.12 7.00
8 Total Productive Maintaince 12.11 8.00
9 Total Quality Management 12.06 9.00
10 Concurrent Engineering 11.48 10.00
11 Value Stream Mapping 10.73 11.00
12 Kiazen 10.39 12.00
13 Creative Thinking 10.06 13.00
14 Last Planner System 9.24 14.00
15 One-Piece Flow 8.50 15.00
16 Re-engineering 8.44 16.00
17 Poke-Yoke 8.32 17.00
18 Daily Huddle Meetings 8.12 18.00
19 First Run Studies 7.41 19.00
20 The Kanban System 4.94 20.00
55. CONCLUSION
From analysis, techniques that are most implemented are ;
1. Pull Approach or Pull Planning
2. Work Standardization
3. Fail Safe for Quality
Also benefits that are most achieved by construction sector by using lean are ;
1. Greater profitability
2. Minimize Inventory
3. Defects Reduction
56. RECOMMENDATIONS
From the results it is clear that almost all lean tools & techniques are used in construction
industry, but due to lack of supports from construction organizations and less researches in lean
construction they are not fully implemented as they are functioned.
Many respondents using these techniques are not fully aware of their specified functions for that
they are made.
Although still Lean construction is in its beginning stages so large efforts are required to
implement Lean techniques properly.
For future recommendations to assess the Lean benefits fully, organizations are suggested to
arrange Lean workshops, seminars and meetings to achieve the theoretical functions and
benefits of lean techniques.