The document discusses keyboards, mice, and MICR. It provides five discussion items: (1) how standard keyboards work using key matrices, switches, and processors; (2) specialized keyboards like ergonomic, virtual, wireless, gaming, and compact keyboards; (3) how standard mice work using mechanical sensors or optical sensors; (4) specialized mice like inertial, 3D, and gaming mice; and (5) how MICR works to quickly read magnetic ink on checks. Presenters Ali S. Mohammad, Abdul-Moiz, Abdur-Rafey S. Saeed, Mohammed Taha, and Abdullah S. Sheikh lead the discussion.

1. Keyboards, Mice and MICR
Presentors:
•Ali S. Mohammad
•Abdul-Moiz
•Abdur-Rafey S. Saeed
•Mohammed Taha
•Abdullah S. Sheikh

2. •Agenda for our Presentation
Keyboards, Mice and MICR
Discussion Item One – How does the standard Keyboard Work?
Capacitive and the rest
Discussion Item Two – Special Keyboards
Ergonomic, virtual, wireless, gaming, compact and concept
Discussion Item Three – How does the standard Mouse work?
Mechanical, optical and laser
Discussion Item Four – Special Mice
Inertial, gyroscopic, 3-D, tactile, ergonomic and gaming
Discussion Item Five – MICR
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
Specialized
Keyboards
Specialized
How Keyboards
work?
How Mice
work?
MICR
Comparison of the allocation of time for each discussion
Mice
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3. •How does the standard keyboard work?
Hard Contact keys and general
 The key matrix has switches and circuitry as well as a
processor
 Pressing a key closes a switch and completes a circuit
 The position of the key is compared to the character map by
the processor and sends the correct signal to the computer
 Rubber dome switches use carbon centres. The Rubber or
silicon layer enables the bouncing back
 Membrane keyboards have no key caps (a continuous flat
membrane
 Metal-contact have pieces of metal on spring-loaded keys
 The processor filters out ‘bounce’ due to mechanical action
Keyboards, Mice and MICR
3

4. •How does the Standard Keyboard Work
Capacitive keyboards
In capacitive, currently constantly flows throughout the key matrix
 Each spring-loaded key has a metal plate attached it and another
on the key matrix below it
A key press brings the two plates closer
The change in electric current is registered a key press
Expensive but longer life
No bounce as no mechanical action
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5. •How does the standard keyboard work?
Standard Keyboard
Today’s keyboards are similar to those of the last 20 years
They have 105 keys instead of 95-103
Laying out of keys can change
Most use the QWERTY layout(name derived from first 6 letters)
Some may have AZERTY layout(reason is the same)
Others include QWERTZ and Dvorak
Keys can also be changed to suit other languages
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6. •Special Keyboards
Ergonomic Keyboards
These are designed to prevent stress on wrists and fingers
They also prevent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Two types
1. As a single piece where the angle of key placement relieves
stress
2. In the form of separate pieces each with a group of keys able
to be angled to provide maximum comfort
 These keyboards are radically different from flat, undivided
regular keyboards
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7. •Special Keyboards
Wireless
These do not require wires, instead use Bluetooth, infrared (IR)
and radio frequency (RF)
Require external power provided by batteries
All require a transceiver to connect into a port and relay contact
between computer and keyboard
Bluetooth keyboards have a 30ft range. Many devices are
compatible with Bluetooth
Cheap RF keyboards have a 5ft range
IR keyboards require to be in the line-of-sight of the transceiver.
This is their major drawback, otherwise they have a 12ft range
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8. •Special Keyboards
Virtual and Internet
These are keyboard software apps for mouse or touchscreen
Used in devices such as tablets and smartphones where it is
impractical to use hardware keyboards
Also used for security purposes as anything typed on hardware
keyboards is stored on key logs
This service is thus provided by Bank ATMs
Internet keyboards have hot keys for Internet-related functions
These include hot keys for back, forward, bookmarks list, e-mail
inbox, Google search, YouTube, online shopping etc.
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9. •Special Keyboards
Gaming
These serve to enhance and make a convenient gaming
experience
Features include volume control, key lighting, interchangeable
keys, mini-touch screens, inbuilt joysticks and fancy lighting etc.
These can come in all shapes and sizes (round to v-shaped)
This is however mostly nothing but a marketing gimmick
Keyboards specialized for specific genres are also available
In first-person shooter games, the directional keys are place
such that they avoid repetitive stress on the fingers and wrist
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10. •Special Keyboards
Concept Keyboards
These keyboards have no pre-set keys
It uses a touch-sensitive screen with a key/overlay displayed
Each key can be programmed to have a variety of functions
Used in restaurants where instead of typing, waiters can easily
press a single key for each meal. Conveniently pictures or icons
can replace words on each virtual key
Beneficial for the elderly, especially those with arthritis
Touchscreens are increasingly replacing concept keyboards
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11. •Special Keyboards
Compact Keyboards
These are slim and small, hence the name
No numeric keypad
Mostly used by laptops
Multiple keys are used for otherwise single-key functions
Some also include a touchpad for a mouse
Offer greater portability during travel and storage due to
compact design
People with hand, finger movement disabilities use these as well
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12. •The group has voted for
Best non-traditional keyboard as....
The main
keyboard is
divided into two
raised and angled
parts with a
teardrop space in
between and
raised on an angle.
The Numeric
Keypad is
separated. Add to
that wirelessness
and you have got
ultimate wrist
comfort specially
for those big
typing works.
Others that came close include Steel Series Apex, Logitech Wireless All-in-
One, Favi Entertainment SmartStick and Martias Laptop Keyboard.
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13. •How do Standard Mice work?
Mechanical, LED/Laser
Ball placed underneath rolls with mouse movement
Two rollers (90° to each other)measure X and Y movements
Movement is measured by a system that includes spinning, hole wielding disks,
LED and sensor
Sensor’s pulses are converted into binary data and sent ahead
LED mice essentially capture many pictures by bouncing LED light off the
surface into a CMOS sensor
The Digital Signal Processor identifies patterns and changes in each picture
relative to the previous one
The movement of mouse is thus understood and relayed ahead
Laser mice use a laser instead of a LED
Ball mice require mouse pads due to their not working on all surfaces. LED/
laser mice work on a wider range
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14. •Special Mice
Inertial mice, 3D and tactile mice
Inertial/gyroscopic mice (‘air mice’) require small wrist rotation
and no surface as they use accelerometers and gyroscopes to
determine cursor movement
This prevents user fatigue and gorilla arm
3D mice record movement in all 6 axes
This includes rotation and movement along X,Y, Z axes
A consumer-based version is the Nintendo Wii
Tactile Mice use a small actuator for vibration in user’s hands
This allows the mouse to provide haptic feedback
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15. •Special Mice
Ergonomic and Games
Ergonomic mice provide optimum comfort
They minimise injuries such as carpet-tunnel syndrome, arthritis
and other repetitive strain injuries
One places the palm vertically to prevent crossing of arm’s ulna
and radius bones
Angling of the mouse reduces wrist pronation
Mouse for gamers are ergonomic as they use it for a long time
Many have advanced sensitivity for real-time strategy and
online battle arena games
The number of buttons may increase with game requirements
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16. •Special Mice
Others
Certain mice have extra buttons ranging from the whole
keyboard to numeric keypad or a simple scrolling button
Some use a trackball place upside down to be used by the
fingers without movement of the mouse itself
Wireless mice use infrared to relay their movements to a
receiver inserted in a USB port instead of a wire
Others may use inbuilt Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities
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17. •The group has voted for
• Best non-traditional mice developer as....
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18. •Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
MICR with the Bank Cheques.
MICR is most commonly used by banks
It can process 300 cheques per minute with 100% accuracy
All cheques carry cheque, bank and customer’s account number
This is in magnetic ink (with iron particles in it)
It is written in an easily readable, standard font
When cheque is placed on the MIC Reader, the magnetic ink
creates waves over the reader
These waves will not change even if written over with normal ink
The font is what enables the quick reading
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