An input device allows users to enter data and instructions into a computer. There are many types of input devices including keyboards, pointing devices like mice and trackballs, touch screens, digital cameras, and game controllers. Keyboards are commonly used to enter text, while pointing devices allow users to control the pointer on screen and select objects. Touch screens can be used by touching the screen directly. Digital cameras input images and video. Game controllers provide input for video games.

1. BAIT1003 IT
Fundamentals
Chapter 3
Input Devices

2. Objectives
Pointing
Devices
Keyboard
Voice Input
Input
Devices
Biometric
Input
Terminals
Scanners &
Reading
Devices
Digital
Cameras
Video Input

3. What is input?
• Input is any data and instructions entered into
the memory of a computer

4. What is input?
Instructions entered into the computer can be in the form
of:
– Program
• It is a series of related instructions that tell a computer
what tasks to perform and how to perform them.
– Command
• Program respond to command that a user issues. A
command is an instruction that causes a program to
perform a specific action.
– User response
• It is an instruction a user issues by replying to a question
displayed by a program.

5. What is input?

6. What are Input Devices?
• An input device is any hardware component that allows
users to enter data and instructions into a computer.
• Examples:
1. Keyboard
2. Pointing Devices
3. Voice Input
4. Digital Cameras
5. Video Input
6. Scanners and Reading Devices
7. Terminals
8. Biometric Input

7. What are Input Devices? Examples

8. Keyboard
• A keyboard is an input device that
contains keys users press to enter data
and instructions into a computer

9. Keyboard
Desktop computer keyboards typically have 101 to
105 keys.
Keyboard features:
 All desktop computer keyboards have a typing are
that includes the letters of the
alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and other
basic keys.
 A numeric keypad is a calculator-style
arrangement of keys representing numbers, a
decimal point, and some basic mathematics
operators.

10. Keyboard
Keyboard features:
 Function keys, which are labelled with the letter F
followed by a number are special keys programmed to
issue commands to a computer.
 E.g. COPY SHIFT+F2
 E.g. OPEN CTRL+F12
 A toggle key is a key that switches between 2 states
each time a user presses the key.
 E.g. press the NUM LOCK key, it locks the numeric
keypad so you can use the keypad to type numbers.
 The insertion point, also known as the cursor, is a
symbol on the screen that indicates where the next
character you type will appear.

11. Keyboard

12. Keyboard
• Insertion point

13. Keyboard
Keyboard connect through the following:
Wired
Keyboards
Wireless
Keyboards
USB port
Bluetooth
IrDA

14. Keyboard
Types of keyboard:
 An enhanced keyboard has 12 function keys, 2
CTRL keys, 2 ALT keys, and a set of arrow and
additional keys between the typing area and
numeric keypad. (Most of today’s desktop PC
keyboards)
 A wireless keyboard or cordless keyboard is a
battery-powered device that transmits data using
wireless technology, such as radio waves or
infrared light waves.

15. Keyboard
• Ergonomic keyboard has a design that
reduces the chance of the wrist and hand
injuries. The goal of ergonomic is to
incorporate comfort, efficiency and safety into
the design of items in the workplace.

16. Keyboard
Keyboard for mobile computers & mobile devices
• On notebook computers and other mobile devices
the keyboard is built in the top of the system unit.
• Keyboards on mobile devices typically are smaller
and/or have fewer keys.
• Some phones have predictive text input, which
saves time when entering text using the phone’s
keypad.

17. Pointing Devices
• A pointing device is an input device that allows a user
to control a pointer on the screen.
• A pointing device can be used to move the insertion
point, select text, graphics, and other objects; click
buttons, icons, links, and menu command.
• Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mouse
Trackball
Touch pad
Pointing stick
Light pen
Touch screen
Pen input

18. Pointing Devices - Mouse
• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under
the palm of your hand comfortably.
 The top and sides of the mouse has one to
four buttons; some also have a small wheel.
 The bottom of a mouse is flat and contains a
mechanism that detects movement of the
mouse.
• A mouse can be wired or wireless.

19. Pointing Devices - Mouse
• With a mouse, users control the movement of
the pointer, often called a mouse pointer.
 Use the mouse to move the pointer on the screen
to an object such as button, a menu, an icon, a
link, or text. Then, you may press a mouse button
to perform a certain action associated with that
object.

20. Pointing Devices - Mouse
• Mouse operations includes:
Point
Triple-click
Free-spin
wheel
Click
Drag
Press wheel
Right-click
Double-click
Right-drag
Rotate
wheel
Tilt wheel
Press thumb
button

21. Pointing Devices - Mouse
• Types of mouse:
– Optical mouse
– Laser mouse
– Air mouse
– Wireless mouse/
cordless mouse
Optical Mouse
Mechanical Mouse
Air Mouse

22. Pointing Devices - Mouse
Optical mouse
• The mouse has no moving mechanical
parts inside; it uses devices that emit and
sense light to detect the mouse’s
movement .

23. Pointing Devices - Mouse
Laser mouse
• Uses a laser and more
expensive than optical
mouse.
• Can place on nearly all
types of flat surface.

24. Pointing Devices - Mouse
Air mouse
• A newer type of
mouse, is a motionsensing mouse, with
the typical buttons
allow you to control
objects, media
players, and slide
shows by moving the
mouse in
predetermined
directions through the
Air navigation via a combination of
microelectromechanical systems
(MEMS) sensors, digital signal
processing technology (DSP) and radio
frequency (RF) wireless technology.
Using these technologies, the users
hold the mouse any way they please
while pointing it in any
direction, though they must be within
30 feet of their computers

25. Pointing Devices - Mouse
Wireless mouse/cordless mouse
• It is a battery-powered device
that transmits data using
wireless technology, such as
radio waves (Bluetooth) or
infrared light waves (IrDA).

26. Pointing Devices – Trackball



It is a stationary pointing device
with a ball on its top or side.
 The ball in most trackballs is
about the size of a Ping-Pong
ball.
To move the pointer using a
trackball, you rotate the ball with
your thumb, fingers, or the palm
of you hand.
Trackball is good because we do
not have to move the entire
device.

27. Pointing Devices – Touchpad


It is a
small, flat, rectangular
pointing device that is
sensitive to pressure and
motion.
To move the pointer using
a touchpad, you slide your
fingertip across the surface
of the pad.

28. Pointing Devices – Pointing stick


It is a pressure-sensitive
pointing device shaped like
a pencil eraser that is
positioned between keys
on a keyboard.
To move the pointer using
a pointing stick, you push
the pointing stick with
your finger.

29. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads
• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display
device.

30. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads



It is a monitor that has a
touch–sensitive panel on the
screen. Users interact with
these devices by touching areas
of the screen with a finger or a
stylus.
Touch screens are not used to
enter large amount of data.
Kiosks often have touch
screens, which normally
located in
stores, hotel, airport, museums
and etc.

31. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads

The touch-sensitive pad on a portable
media player is an input device that
enables users to scroll through and
play music, view pictures, watch
videos or movie, adjust volume, and
customize settings.

32. Touch Screens & Touch-Sensitive Pads
Microsoft Surface
Touch-sensitive pads

33. Pen Input
• With pen
input, you use a
stylus or digital
pen on a flat
surface to
write, draw, or
make selections

34. Pen Input


Stylus is a small metal or
plastic device that looks
like a tiny ink pen but
uses pressure instead of
ink.
A digital pen, which is
slightly larger than a
stylus, is available in two
forms: some are
pressure-sensitive; others
have built in digital
cameras.

35. Pen Input


A graphics tablet is a
flat, rectangular, electro
nic plastic board.
Architects, mapmakers,
designers, and artists
create drawings and
sketches by using a
pressure sensitive pen
or a cursor on a
graphics tablet.

36. Game Controllers
• Video games and
computer games
use a game
controller as the
input device that
directs
movements and
actions of onscreen objects.

37. Game Controllers – Game pads

A gamepad, which
is held with both
hands, controls the
controls the
movement and
actions of players
or object in video
games or computer
games.

38. Game Controllers – Joystick &
Wheel


A joystick is a handheld vertical
lever mounted on a base. You
move the lever in different
directions to control the action
of the simulated vehicle or
player.
Wheel is a steering-wheel-type
input device. Users turn the
wheel to simulate driving a
car, truck or other vehicle. Most
wheels also include foot pedals
for acceleration and braking
action.

39. Game Controllers – Light Guns
• A light gun is used to shoot target and moving
objects after you pull the trigger on the weapon.
• Most light guns work by detecting light.

40. Game Controllers – Dance Pads
• A dance pad is flat
electronic device
divide into panels
that users press with
their feet in
response to
instructions from a
music video game.

41. Game Controllers – Motionsensing game controllers
• It allow the user to
guide on screen
elements by moving
a hand held input
device in
predetermined
directions through
the air.
• Example: sport
games

42. Digital Cameras
• A digital camera is a mobile device
that allows users to take pictures
and store them digitally.
 Digital cameras typically allow users
to review, and sometimes edit
images while they are in the camera.
 Some digital cameras connect
directly to or communicate directly
with a printer or television. This
feature eliminates the need to copy
images to a computer’s hard disk.

43. Digital Cameras

44. Digital Cameras
Two factors affect the quality of digital camera
photos:
Resolution
Resolution is the number of horizontal and
vertical pictures in a display device. A pixel is
the smallest element in an electronic display
Number of bits it
stores in a pixel
Each pixel consists of one or more bits of data
The more bits used to represent a pixel, the
more colors and shades of gray that can be
represented.

45. Digital Cameras

46. Voice Input
• Voice input is the process of
entering input by speaking into a
microphone.
• Voice recognition is the computer’s
capability of distinguishing spoken
words.
– Example of popular voice recognition
programs for personal computer
include IBM ViaVoice and Dragon Naturally
Speaking
– It does not understand speech. They
only recognize a vocabulary of preprogrammed words.

47. Voice Input
Audio input
• It is the process of entering any sound into the
computer such as speech, music, and other
sound effects.
• To enter high quality sound into a personal
computer, the computer must have a sound card.
• Users enter sound into computer via devices
such as microphones, tape players,
CD/DVD/Blue-ray Disc players, radio, each of
which plugs in a port on the sound card.

48. Video Input
• Video input is the process of capturing full-motion
images and storing them on a computer’s storage
medium such as a hard disk or optical disc.
• To enter video from analog devices, the analog signal
must be converted to a digital signal. To do this, plug a
video camera, VCR or anolog video device into a video
capture port on the system unit.
– Video capture card converts an analog video signal into a
digital signal that a computer can use.
• A digital video (DV) camera records video as digital
signals instead of analog signal.

49. Video Input (Example)
Home users can
transfer videos to
their computers
and then use
video editing
software to edit
the video.

50. Video Input
• A Web cam is a type of digital video camera that
enables a user to:
Capture video and
still images
Send e-mail
messages with
video attachments
Broadcast live
images over the
Internet
Add live images to
instant messages
Make video
telephone calls

51. Video Input
• A video conference is a meeting between two or
more geographically separated people who use a
network or the Internet to transmit audio and video
data.
• A whiteboard is another window on the screen that
display notes and drawings simultaneously on all
participants screen.

52. Scanners & Reading Devices


Devices that can capture data directly from a
source documents instead of manually data entry.
Devices that can capture data directly from a source
document include:
1. Optical scanners
2. Optical readers
3. Bar codes scanners
4. RFID readers
5. Magnetic strip card reader
6. Magnetic-ink characters recognition readers
(MICR)

53. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners


Usually called a
scanner, is a lightsensing input
device that reads
printed text and
graphics and then
translates the
results into a form
the computer can
process.
Four types:
Flatbed
Pen or Handheld
Sheet-fed
Drum

54. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Flatbed
Pen or handheld
• Similar to a copy machine
• Scanning mechanism passes under the
item to be scanned, which is placed on a
glass surface.



Move pen over text to be scanned, and
then transfer data to computer.
Ideal for mobile users, students and
researcher.
Some connect to a smart phone.

55. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Sheet-Fed



Drum



Item to be scanned is pulled into a
stationary scanning mechanism.
Smaller than a flatbed scanner
Some models designed specifically for
photographs are called a photo
scanner.
Item to be scanned rotates around
stationary scanning mechanism.
Very expensive
Used in large business.

56. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Readers
• It is a device that uses a light source to
read characters, marks, and codes and
then converts them into digital data that
can be processed by the computer.
• Two technology used by optical readers are
as follow:
1. Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
2. Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)

57. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
• It is a technology that involves reading typewritten, computer
printed, or hand-printed characters from ordinary documents and
translating the images into a form that the computer can process.
– OCR devices include a small optical scanner for reading characters
and sophisticated software for analysing what is read.
– OCR devices read printed characters in an OCR font.
Application:
• A turnaround document is a document you return to the company that
creates and sends it. For example, when consumers receive a bill, they
often tear off a portion of the bill and send it back to the company with
their payment.

58. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners

59. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
How OCR works?
 During the scan of documents, an OCR device
determines the shapes of characters by detecting
patterns of light and dark.

OCR software then compares these shapes with
predefined shapes stored in memory and
converts the shapes into characters the
computer can process.

60. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Optical Scanners
Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)
• It is a technology that reads hand-drawn marks
such as small circles or rectangles.

Example:
 A person places these marks on a form, such
as a test, survey, or questionnaire answer
sheet.
 The OMR devices first scan the answer key
sheet to record correct answers based on
patterns of light.
 The OMR device then scans the remaining
documents and matches their patterns of light
against the answer key sheet.

61. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Bar Code Scanners
• A bar code reader, also called a bar
code scanner uses laser beams to
read bar codes by using light pattern
that pass through the bar code lines.
• A bar code is an identification code
that consists of a set of vertical lines
and spaces of different widths.
• The bar code represents data that
identifies the manufacturer and the
item.
• The bar code is printed on a product’s
package or on a label that is affixed to
a product.

62. Scanners & Reading Devices –
RFID Reader
• RFID (radio frequency identification) uses radio signals to
communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object


RFID tags contain a memory chip and an antenna.
An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves. RFID readers
can be handheld devices or mounted in a stationary object such as a
doorway.
Alternative to bar code identification because it does not require
direct contact.
• RFID can:

–
–
–
–
Tracking times of runners in a marathon
Tracking location of soldiers
Airline baggage
tracking payment as vehicle pass through booths on toll way system.

63. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Magnetic Stripe Card Reader



It reads the magnetic stripe on the back of
credit cards, entrainment cards, bank cards
and other similar cards.
The stripe, which is divided in three
horizontal tracks, contains information
identifying you and the card issuer.
 Example: name, account number, and
card’s expiration date
When a consumer swipes credit card through
the magstripe reader, it reads the information
stored on the magnetic stripe on the card.

64. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
• MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices
read text printed with magnetized ink.
• An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form
the computer can process.
• Application: Banking industry uses MICR for check
processing
Each check has
precoded MICR
characters beginning
at the lower left
edge.

65. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
Example: Use of MICR in Check Processing
 When a bank receives a check for payment, it uses an MICR
inscriber to print amount of the check in MICR characters in
the lower right corner.
 The check then is sorted or routed to the customer’s bank.
 Each check is inserted in an MICR reader for processing.

66. Scanners & Reading Devices –
Data Collection Devices
• A data collection device obtains data directly at
the location where the transaction or even take
place.
• It has the capability of wirelessly transmitting
data over a network or the Internet.
• Example:
– Factories and retail stores use data collection
device to take inventory and order products.

67. Biometric Input
• It is the technology of authenticating a person’s
identity by verifying a personal characteristic.
 Biometric devices translate a personal
characteristic into a digital code that is compared
with a digital code stored in the computer.
 If the digital code in the computer does not
match the personal characteristic’s code, the
computer denies access to the individual.

68. Biometric Input
Fingerprint reader
Capture curves and indentations of a
fingerprint.
Face recognition system
Capture a live face image and compares
it with a stored image to determine if the
person is legitimate user.

69. Biometric Input
Hand geometry system
Measure the shape and size of a person’s
hand.
Voice verification system
Compared a person’s live speech with
their stored voice pattern.

70. Biometric Input
Signature verification
system
Recognized the shape of your
handwritten signature as well as
measures the pressure exerted and the
motion used to write the signature.
Iris recognition system
Read patterns in the iris of the eye.

71. Terminals



It is a computer usually with limited processing
power, that enable users to send data to and/ or
receive information from a host computer.
A terminal consists of a keyboard, a monitor, a
video card, and memory. Often these
components are housed in a single unit.
3 widely used special purpose terminals are:
1. Point-of-sale (POS) terminal
2. Automated teller machines
3. DVD kiosks

72. Terminals –
Point-of-sale Terminal


POS terminal to record
purchase, process credit or
debit, and update
inventory.
The POS terminal is a
combination of an
electronic cash register,
barcode reader, and
printer.

73. Terminals –
Automated Teller Machines

It is a self-service
banking machine
that connects to a
host computer
through a network.

74. Terminals – DVD Kiosk
It is a self service DVD rental
machine that connect to a
host computer through a
network.
 Touch screen to select
DVD movie.
 Card Reader to read
membership details
 Cash Reader to accept
cash upon purchase
 DVD Dispenser to
dispense the DVD to the
customer

75. Factors of Selection for Input Devices
Input device choice factors:
• Physiological and psychological characteristics of
users, their training and expertise
– experience levels and training (e.g., typing)
– physiological factors (e.g., vision, arthritis)
• What Tasks to be performed?
– drawing --> continuous movement
– selecting menu options --> discrete movement
• Work and environment
– speech input and noise levels
– dust
– physical security

76. Summary
• This chapter
described
various
techniques of
entering input
and several
commonly used
input devices.