The document discusses automatic transmissions in vehicles. It describes how early automatic transmissions from the 1900s had issues with abrupt gear changes that could cause failures. Modern automatic transmissions can sense road speed and engine load to select appropriate gears for the driver. The driver can still override the system by using gear selectors or "kickdown" to accelerate faster. Proper use of automatic transmissions involves applying the footbrake before changing to drive and using the handbrake when stationary.

2. Introduction
A method of controlling a gear change of an
automobile, said automobile comprising an internal
combustion engine; an automatic transmission
connected to an output rotation shaft of said engine
so as to transmit the rotational output of said engine
to drive wheels of said automobile through any
selected one of a plurality of gear ratios; a load
device selectively connectable to said output
rotation shaft of said engine via selectively-
connecting means; and means for generating a gear
change control signal for selecting

3. • one of said gear ratios of said automatic transmission
in accordance with one of operational conditions of
said automobile and said engine said method
comprising the steps of controlling said selectively-
connecting means when said gear change signal-
generating means generates the control signal for
shifting up the gear in said automatic transmission,
in such a manner that said selectively-connecting
means connects said load device to said output
rotation shaft of said engine.
An automatic gear change control apparatus for an
automobile, said automobile comprising an internal
combustion engine; an automatic transmission
connected to an output rotation shaft of said engine
so as to transmit the rotational output of said engine
to drive wheels of said automobile through any
selected one of a plurality of gear ratios.

4. HISTORY
• Modern automatic transmissions can trace their origins to
an early "horseless carriage" gearbox that was developed in
1904 by the Sturtevant brothers of Boston, Massachusetts.
This unit had two forward speeds, the ratio change being
brought about by flyweights that were driven by the
engine. At higher engine speeds, high gear was engaged. As
the vehicle slowed down and engine RPM decreased, the
gearbox would shift back to low. Unfortunately, the
metallurgy of the time wasn't up to the task, and owing to
the abruptness of the gear change, the transmission would
often fail without warning.
• The next significant phase in the automatic transmission's
development occurred in 1908 with the introduction of
Henry Ford's remarkable Model T.

5. • The mechanism which converts the engine output
into different speed and power combinations at the
road wheels
• There are many different types of transmission.
• For driving licence purposes they are only classed as
Manual or Automatic
Transmission System

6. In the transmission diagram different size gear ratios join
together to enable the road wheels to turn at a wide
variety of speeds within the engine limits.

7. Working Principle
• In this process, we are fixed the two dc gun(electronic)
in either side of the vehicle pedal for the gear direction
movement. The dc gun is fixed on the end of the flat
plate. The plate has pivot at the center. The guns are
operated by the help of electric supply and it’s
controlled by the control unit. The control unit is
nothing but the microcontroller is a small chip, its
already programmed and feed in the chip for working
of our project. The gun working is one for the increase
the gear speed and another one is to decrease the gear
speed. For the forward motions DC gun one is operated
and for the reverse motion DC gun two is operated.

8. • Electric gun- An electron gun (also called electron
emitter) is an electrical component in some vacuum
tubes that produces a narrow, collimated electron
beam that has a precise kinetic energy.
• Two type-
• 1.Dc gun- Use Dc Voltage
• 2. Ac gun- Use Ac Voltage

9. WORKING COMPONENT OF AUTOMIC
GEAR
Flywheel

10. • Gear Ratios
In the picture to the right,
suppose the smaller gear
has 13 teeth
The second, larger gear has
26 teeth.
The gear ratio is therefore
13/26 or 1/2 (written as a
ratio of 1:2)
For every revolution of the
smallest gear the largest
gear has turned much
slower –
only ½ a revolution

11. In easy terms – you can accelerate quickly in a low gear but you can’t
attain a high speed ,You can reach a high speed in a high gear but you
can’t accelerate as quickly

12. Transmission Systems - All
Manual selection
– This gives the same flexibility as a manual gearbox
– It is especially useful for uphill or downhill
gradients
– It also allows you to hold the vehicle in the same
gear
– On downhill gradients selecting a low gear will
assist braking, especially if the vehicle has a
retarder fitted.

13. Driving safely
1.You should know how to change gear
2.When to select gears
3.Which gear to select
4.Some coaches have high and low ratio transmissions which
can total up to 16 different gears.
How to change gear
1.Consult the vehicle manufacturers handbook
2.Seek advice from a qualified trainer
3.There are many different types of gearbox that will require
further training.

14. Transmission Systems - Auto
There are many different types of gearbox and gear selectors
– In general most buses and many coaches have some form
of automatic gears
– Often, this modern type of transmission senses and selects
the appropriate gear according to road speed and the load
on the engine
– The driver is usually able to override the system by use of
the gear selector or ‘kickdown’

15. Selecting drive
– Application of the footbrake before selecting drive
is a very important safety feature for any
automatic transmission
– It ensures foot placement is correct before
releasing the handbrake
– Some transmissions will not allow drive to be
selected unless the footbrake is applied and the
handbrake is on

16. There are many different types of gearbox and gear
selectors
– In general most buses and many coaches have
some form of automatic gears
– Often, this modern type of transmission senses
and selects the appropriate gear according to road
speed and the load on the engine
– The driver is usually able to override the system by
use of the gear selector or ‘kickdown’

17. ‘Kickdown’
– By depressing the accelerator fully down this
provides for quicker acceleration and:
– It may also result in the vehicle automatically
changing down to a lower gear
– The engine may rev higher than normal before
changing gear

18. Selecting drive
– Application of the footbrake before selecting drive
is a very important safety feature for any
automatic transmission
– It ensures foot placement is correct before
releasing the handbrake
– Some transmissions will not allow drive to be
selected unless the footbrake is applied and the
handbrake is on

19. Using the handbrake
– Fully applying the handbrake whenever you are
stationary is important on an automatic vehicle
– Automatic vehicles may move forwards or
backwards in gear with the handbrake off – this is
called ‘creeping’
– Secure the vehicle and select NEUTRAL when
stationary for a long period to avoid danger and
damage. Never leave the vehicle in gear with the
engine running.

20. Which gear to select
• Change gear in good time before a hazard or junction
• Choose the most appropriate gear for your speed
and the road conditions
• Avoid holding on to the gear lever unnecessarily
• Avoid ‘coasting’ with the clutch pedal depressed or
the gear lever in neutral. It is illegal

21. PROCESS DEFINE WITH THE HELP OF
IMAGES
Which gear to select
• Change gear in good time before a hazard or junction
• Choose the most appropriate gear for your speed and
the road conditions
• Avoid holding on to the gear lever unnecessarily
• Avoid ‘coasting’ with the clutch pedal depressed or the
gear lever in neutral. It is illegal

22. Using the green band on a rev counter as a guide will allow
the optimum and most economical engine speeds to be
maintained

23. Ensure the appropriate speed is attained before selecting the
right gear for the circumstances or manoeuvre

24. However, not all automatic gearboxes allow for a
manual selection.

25. CONCLUSION-
• The main purpose of this project is used to
automate the gear changing mechanism in
vehicles. In this project we are doing the gear
changing mechanism using with the help of
electronic THINGS. This is very useful for the
gear changing mechanism in automobile
vehicles.

26. SOME IMPORTANT TIPS………
Understanding how the gears work will help you
to get the most out of them.
You should be aware of the manufacturers
advice for the particular vehicle that you drive
Don’t forget to check your driving license!
Many drivers are restricted to driving automatic
passenger carrying vehicles only