Japan Builds an Empire
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Japan began building its military in the 1850s after opening trade with the US. It gained territory after fighting with allies in WWI. Growing nationalism and economic struggles led the military to gain influence in the 1930s. The Japanese army seized Manchuria from China in 1931 in an event known as the "Manchurian Incident" and established Manchukuo as a puppet state under its control. Japan then invaded more of China in 1937, committing atrocities like the Rape of Nanjing. Seeking resources, Japan declared the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere and began expanding its empire across Asia.
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Course Of WWII
Totalitarian governments like those of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini are discussed. Hitler invades Poland in 1939 starting WWII. Within a year, Germany conquers much of Western Europe while Britain withstands the Luftwaffe bombing campaign. In 1941, Germany invades the Soviet Union and makes large gains initially. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941 bringing the US into the war against the Axis powers. With help from allies like the Soviet Union and US, the Allies gain victories over German and Japanese forces in several key battles. Germany surrenders in 1945 after the atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending WWII.
Japanese Militarism in WWII
Militarism rose in Japan after World War 1. The Great Depression weakened Japan's economy and led to a military dictatorship taking control in the 1930s. Japan sought to dominate Asia economically and militarily by reviving its economy, leading Asian modernization, and freeing Asia from Western influence under an "East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." Japan's aggression in Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937 faced little opposition. Japan later joined the Axis alliance and attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 after the U.S. threatened to cut off oil and other supplies, drawing the U.S. into the war.
WWII - Japan
1) Japan struggled with maintaining a democratic government in the early 20th century as the military grew more powerful and influential.
2) In the 1930s, militarists took control of the government and pursued expanding Japan's empire through invading neighboring countries like Manchuria and China to acquire land and resources.
3) The Japanese military brutally massacred an estimated 200,000-300,000 civilians in the city of Nanjing during their invasion and occupation of China in 1937, driven by beliefs of Japanese racial superiority.
WWII Causes and Outcomes
World War II was the largest and deadliest war in history. It began in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland and lasted until 1945. Key causes of the war included the Treaty of Versailles which punished Germany after WWI, the rise of totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany and fascist Italy, Japanese expansionism, and the policy of appeasement by Western nations. The war was fought globally and involved over 30 countries organized into the Allied and Axis powers. Over 70 million people died making it the most devastating conflict in modern history.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: YOUNG PLAN
The Young Plan, named after American financier Owen Young, recommended reducing Germany's reparations bill by three-quarters, spreading payments out until 1988, and allowing Germany to postpone payments during economic hardship. However, the plan ultimately failed to be implemented because its creator Gustave Stresemann died soon after its publication, and when the Nazis came to power Hitler stopped all reparations payments.
D Day
On June 6, 1944, over 160,000 Allied troops stormed five beaches along the coast of Normandy, France, known as D-Day, launching the largest seaborne invasion in history. The objective was to secure the coastline and mobilize troops to liberate France from German control. Despite heavy casualties especially at Omaha Beach, the Allies were able to establish a foothold in Normandy by day's end. While the cost was high with over 9,000 troops killed or wounded, over 100,000 soldiers began advancing across Europe to defeat Nazi Germany. D-Day marked a major turning point in World War 2 towards Allied victory.
Second Sino Japanese War
The document summarizes key events of the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1931 to 1945. It describes how the Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931 and continued pushing into China over subsequent years, with major battles including the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Battle of Shanghai, and the Rape of Nanking. While inflicting heavy casualties on the Chinese, the Japanese also suffered increasing losses as the war progressed. By 1941 the Chinese army had been largely destroyed, leaving China occupied until the end of World War II in 1945.
Korean War
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korean troops invaded South Korea, crossing the 38th parallel border between the two countries. In response, United Nations forces led by the United States launched a counterattack and pushed the North Korean army back above the 38th parallel. However, Chinese troops then entered the war on the side of North Korea and drove UN forces back south. Fighting continued back and forth across the parallel until an armistice was signed in 1953, leaving Korea still divided along the 38th parallel between the communist North and non-communist South. Over 10 million people died during the three-year Korean War.
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Course Of WWII
Totalitarian governments like those of Hitler, Stalin, and Mussolini are discussed. Hitler invades Poland in 1939 starting WWII. Within a year, Germany conquers much of Western Europe while Britain withstands the Luftwaffe bombing campaign. In 1941, Germany invades the Soviet Union and makes large gains initially. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor in 1941 bringing the US into the war against the Axis powers. With help from allies like the Soviet Union and US, the Allies gain victories over German and Japanese forces in several key battles. Germany surrenders in 1945 after the atomic bombs are dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending WWII.
Japanese Militarism in WWII
Militarism rose in Japan after World War 1. The Great Depression weakened Japan's economy and led to a military dictatorship taking control in the 1930s. Japan sought to dominate Asia economically and militarily by reviving its economy, leading Asian modernization, and freeing Asia from Western influence under an "East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." Japan's aggression in Manchuria in 1931 and China in 1937 faced little opposition. Japan later joined the Axis alliance and attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 after the U.S. threatened to cut off oil and other supplies, drawing the U.S. into the war.
WWII - Japan
1) Japan struggled with maintaining a democratic government in the early 20th century as the military grew more powerful and influential.
2) In the 1930s, militarists took control of the government and pursued expanding Japan's empire through invading neighboring countries like Manchuria and China to acquire land and resources.
3) The Japanese military brutally massacred an estimated 200,000-300,000 civilians in the city of Nanjing during their invasion and occupation of China in 1937, driven by beliefs of Japanese racial superiority.
WWII Causes and Outcomes
World War II was the largest and deadliest war in history. It began in 1939 after Germany invaded Poland and lasted until 1945. Key causes of the war included the Treaty of Versailles which punished Germany after WWI, the rise of totalitarian regimes like Nazi Germany and fascist Italy, Japanese expansionism, and the policy of appeasement by Western nations. The war was fought globally and involved over 30 countries organized into the Allied and Axis powers. Over 70 million people died making it the most devastating conflict in modern history.
REVISION IGCSE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY: YOUNG PLAN
The Young Plan, named after American financier Owen Young, recommended reducing Germany's reparations bill by three-quarters, spreading payments out until 1988, and allowing Germany to postpone payments during economic hardship. However, the plan ultimately failed to be implemented because its creator Gustave Stresemann died soon after its publication, and when the Nazis came to power Hitler stopped all reparations payments.
D Day
On June 6, 1944, over 160,000 Allied troops stormed five beaches along the coast of Normandy, France, known as D-Day, launching the largest seaborne invasion in history. The objective was to secure the coastline and mobilize troops to liberate France from German control. Despite heavy casualties especially at Omaha Beach, the Allies were able to establish a foothold in Normandy by day's end. While the cost was high with over 9,000 troops killed or wounded, over 100,000 soldiers began advancing across Europe to defeat Nazi Germany. D-Day marked a major turning point in World War 2 towards Allied victory.
Second Sino Japanese War
The document summarizes key events of the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1931 to 1945. It describes how the Japanese invaded Manchuria in 1931 and continued pushing into China over subsequent years, with major battles including the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Battle of Shanghai, and the Rape of Nanking. While inflicting heavy casualties on the Chinese, the Japanese also suffered increasing losses as the war progressed. By 1941 the Chinese army had been largely destroyed, leaving China occupied until the end of World War II in 1945.
Korean War
The Korean War began in 1950 when North Korean troops invaded South Korea, crossing the 38th parallel border between the two countries. In response, United Nations forces led by the United States launched a counterattack and pushed the North Korean army back above the 38th parallel. However, Chinese troops then entered the war on the side of North Korea and drove UN forces back south. Fighting continued back and forth across the parallel until an armistice was signed in 1953, leaving Korea still divided along the 38th parallel between the communist North and non-communist South. Over 10 million people died during the three-year Korean War.
World war ii
The document provides a detailed overview of the key events of World War II from 1939-1945. It describes how the political and economic instability in Germany following WWI led to the rise of Hitler and the Nazis. It then outlines Germany's aggression across Europe in the late 1930s that precipitated the start of WWII. The document discusses the major military campaigns and battles across Europe and in the Pacific theater between the Allied and Axis powers. It also describes the implementation of the Holocaust by Nazi Germany and its allies that resulted in the genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews.
Korean War
This presentation covers the Korean War which took place from 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953. (Between the Cold War)
The second world war (china vs japan) final
The Second Sino-Japanese War lasted from 1937 to 1945. It began when Japan invaded China seeking natural resources. Over the following years, Japan captured many Chinese cities and ports, while both sides engaged in scorched earth tactics, resulting in millions of civilian deaths. By 1940, a stalemate had emerged, but China's position weakened as foreign aid declined. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor drew the US into the war against Japan, but logistical challenges prevented much direct support for China. The war ended in 1945 after the US dropped atomic bombs on Japan and the Soviet Union invaded Manchuria.
World War two & Its Impact (2)
World War II began in 1939 as a conflict between Germany and an Anglo-French coalition but grew to a global war. It ended in 1945, leaving the world dominated by the US and USSR. The main participants were the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan against the Allied powers of the US, Britain, and Soviet Union. The war cost an estimated $4 trillion and over 60 million lives worldwide, making it the deadliest conflict in history. It had widespread economic and political impacts, reshaping the post-war world order.
Events of World War II
The document summarizes the key events and leaders of World War 2. It describes how Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, invaded countries in Europe and North Africa in the late 1930s and early 1940s. By 1942, Germany and its allies dominated most of Europe. The document also discusses the Holocaust, major battles like Stalingrad, D-Day, and the US bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender in 1945, ending World War 2. The postwar effects included Germany being divided between communist East Germany and democratic West Germany, and the start of the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union.
Japan (1919-1939)
Japan faced economic and resource challenges in the interwar period. As industrialization increased and traditional beliefs were questioned, the military grew more influential. The Great Depression further weakened civilians' power as the military took a nationalist, imperial stance under Emperor Hirohito. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 to control its resources and industry, defying international condemnation. In the late 1930s, Japan allied with Germany and intensified its war with China, culminating in the Nanjing Massacre which killed 100,000-300,000 people.
Korean War 1950-1953
The document provides information about the Korean War from 1950-1953. It discusses the division of Korea along the 38th parallel by the US and USSR following World War 2. This division and tensions between capitalism and communism led to the countries trying to unify Korea under their respective ideologies, resulting in the Korean War. The war involved limited warfare between the US and USSR by proxy through South Korea and North Korea. It also impacted civilians through millions of casualties and economic and political changes in South Korea.
Korean war
The document provides background information on the Korean War including its causes, key events, individuals involved, and lasting effects. It describes how the war began with North Korea invading South Korea in 1950 and the US and UN allies aiding South Korea while China and the Soviet Union supported North Korea, leading to a stalemate. Timelines, maps, and explanations of key figures like Kim Il-sung and General MacArthur are included to help understand the context and progression of the Korean War.
Korean war! Explained. Phases and causes. Outcome?
The document discusses the start of the Korean War in 1950. It summarizes that North Korea invaded South Korea after Kim Il Sung gained approval from Stalin and Mao Zedong. The US was alarmed by the communist expansion and persuaded the UN to support South Korea. General MacArthur led US troops that drove back the North Koreans but then China entered the war and pushed the US back. After more fighting, an armistice was eventually signed in 1953 under Eisenhower to end the war.
Japanese Middle Ages
1. Early Japanese culture was influenced by adopting aspects of Chinese culture such as Buddhism, Confucian values, architecture, and agricultural techniques, while maintaining native Japanese traditions like Shintoism.
2. As centralized imperial rule declined in the 1100s due to civil war, a decentralized feudal system emerged in Japan similar to contemporary European feudalism, with samurai warriors and daimyo lords ruling over peasant farmers.
3. During the Shogunate period from the 1100s to 1860s, supreme military leaders called shoguns governed Japan through a feudal system with the emperor serving as a figurehead, cementing decentralized rule in contrast to the earlier imperial system modeled after China.
Sec 4N Hist (Elec) Chapter 7: Japan's Defeat
How far do you agree that the defeat of Japan could only have been brought about by the dropping of the atomic bomb?
Causes of world war 2
World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in history. It was caused by four main factors: 1) The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles signed after WWI upset Germany. 2) Hitler's secret rearmament of Germany in violation of the treaty. 3) The failure of the appeasement policy of Britain and France to curb German aggression. 4) The inability of the League of Nations to effectively address conflicts due to lacking enforcement powers and slow decision making.
32 4 the allied victory
The Allies turned the tide of war in 1942-1943 on two fronts. In North Africa, the British defeated Rommel's forces at El Alamein and took control of North Africa. Meanwhile, the Soviets stopped the German advance and won a major victory at the Battle of Stalingrad. In 1943, the Allies invaded Italy and took Sicily, but fighting in Italy continued. The Allies also began preparing for D-Day in 1944, when they launched an invasion of German-occupied France and eventually liberated Paris. Germany surrendered unconditionally in 1945 after the Soviets captured Berlin. The war in the Pacific ended after the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender in September
China under Mao Zedong
Mao Zedong was a revolutionary leader who established communist rule in China and served as the first Chairman of the People's Republic of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. As chairman, Mao launched controversial campaigns like the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution that had disastrous economic and social consequences but aimed to solidify his power and communist ideology. Mao's rule transformed China's government and society but also led to widespread violence, oppression, and millions of deaths under his authoritarian leadership before his death ended his dictatorship.
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The document discusses the ideological differences between the USA and USSR that helped cause the Cuban Missile Crisis. The key difference was that the USA supported capitalism and free market principles while the USSR supported communism and strong government control. These opposing political ideologies led to conflict during the Cold War as each country wanted to promote their system globally and prevent the spread of the other. The placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba increased tensions further and brought the two sides closer to war.
The Cold War Expands
The Cold War expanded globally through the 1950s as tensions rose between the United States and Soviet Union. They engaged in an arms race, stockpiling nuclear weapons on a massive scale in a strategy of mutually assured destruction. President Eisenhower pursued containment of communism through nuclear deterrence rather than conventional forces. Conflicts erupted in areas like Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and were met with new policies like massive retaliation and the Eisenhower Doctrine. The space race began as the Soviets launched Sputnik, worrying Americans and leading to the creation of NASA.
Sec 4 chapter 4.1 the end of cold war
The document discusses the end of the Cold War. It states that the collapse of the Soviet Union was not due to military force by NATO, as no tanks fired or bombs fell. Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in the 1980s allowed criticism of the Soviet government and led to reforms of the communist system. This loss of confidence in communist rule, along with economic stagnation, contributed to the peaceful dissolution of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War without direct military confrontation.
Lesson 1 Causes of WWII
The main causes of WWII were:
1) The Treaty of Versailles crippled Germany economically and politically after WWI, fueling German resentment and allowing Hitler to rise to power.
2) The policy of appeasement failed to stop German and Italian aggression as Britain and France continued to give in to Hitler's demands.
3) The emergence of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union centralized power in dictators like Hitler and Stalin who were able to mobilize their nations for war.
4) The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact allowed Germany and the Soviet Union to divide up Eastern Europe, enabling Hitler's invasion of Poland and the start of WWII.
Korean War
The Korean War began on June 25, 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea over territorial disputes between the two countries that had emerged after World War 2. The war involved North and South Korea as well as the United States and Soviet Union supporting opposing sides. Fighting ended in 1953 after heavy casualties on both sides left Korea divided between a communist North and democratic South. Over 36,000 US soldiers and an estimated total of 54,000 people died in the conflict. Today Korea remains divided between the two governments along the original border established at the end of the war.
Sec 4N Hist (Elec) Chapter 8: Start of the Cold War
The Cold War in Europe was caused by ideological differences and distrust between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, following World War II. Key disagreements at conferences like Yalta and Potsdam over issues like the borders and administration of Germany and Eastern Europe increased tensions. The Berlin Blockade further escalated the conflict when the Soviets tried to cut off access to West Berlin, leading to the Berlin Airlift. These events helped divide Europe into Western and Eastern spheres of influence and led to opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
The Road to WWII
The document outlines the events leading up to World War II. It describes Japan's growing military aggression in the 1930s, including the invasion of Manchuria and establishment of a puppet state. As Japan continued its expansion into China, committing atrocities like the Rape of Nanjing, its actions isolated it from other countries. Meanwhile in Europe, Germany remilitarized under Hitler and annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia through appeasement. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France declared war, beginning World War II in Europe. Italy then joined the war on Germany's side while the U.S. pursued neutrality. Japan later attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1941, drawing the U.S
Japan builds an empire wksht
Japan expanded its empire in the 1930s-1940s by invading Manchuria and making it a puppet state, and later invaded more of China which led Chinese Nationalist and Communists to temporarily unite against Japan. Japan sought to control Manchuria, China and other Asian territories for their natural resources to fuel Japan's war against China and ambitions of creating a co-prosperity sphere across Asia.
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World war ii
The document provides a detailed overview of the key events of World War II from 1939-1945. It describes how the political and economic instability in Germany following WWI led to the rise of Hitler and the Nazis. It then outlines Germany's aggression across Europe in the late 1930s that precipitated the start of WWII. The document discusses the major military campaigns and battles across Europe and in the Pacific theater between the Allied and Axis powers. It also describes the implementation of the Holocaust by Nazi Germany and its allies that resulted in the genocide of approximately 6 million European Jews.
Korean War
This presentation covers the Korean War which took place from 25 June 1950 – 27 July 1953. (Between the Cold War)
The second world war (china vs japan) final
The Second Sino-Japanese War lasted from 1937 to 1945. It began when Japan invaded China seeking natural resources. Over the following years, Japan captured many Chinese cities and ports, while both sides engaged in scorched earth tactics, resulting in millions of civilian deaths. By 1940, a stalemate had emerged, but China's position weakened as foreign aid declined. Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor drew the US into the war against Japan, but logistical challenges prevented much direct support for China. The war ended in 1945 after the US dropped atomic bombs on Japan and the Soviet Union invaded Manchuria.
World War two & Its Impact (2)
World War II began in 1939 as a conflict between Germany and an Anglo-French coalition but grew to a global war. It ended in 1945, leaving the world dominated by the US and USSR. The main participants were the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan against the Allied powers of the US, Britain, and Soviet Union. The war cost an estimated $4 trillion and over 60 million lives worldwide, making it the deadliest conflict in history. It had widespread economic and political impacts, reshaping the post-war world order.
Events of World War II
The document summarizes the key events and leaders of World War 2. It describes how Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, invaded countries in Europe and North Africa in the late 1930s and early 1940s. By 1942, Germany and its allies dominated most of Europe. The document also discusses the Holocaust, major battles like Stalingrad, D-Day, and the US bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that led to Japan's surrender in 1945, ending World War 2. The postwar effects included Germany being divided between communist East Germany and democratic West Germany, and the start of the Cold War between the US and Soviet Union.
Japan (1919-1939)
Japan faced economic and resource challenges in the interwar period. As industrialization increased and traditional beliefs were questioned, the military grew more influential. The Great Depression further weakened civilians' power as the military took a nationalist, imperial stance under Emperor Hirohito. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 to control its resources and industry, defying international condemnation. In the late 1930s, Japan allied with Germany and intensified its war with China, culminating in the Nanjing Massacre which killed 100,000-300,000 people.
Korean War 1950-1953
The document provides information about the Korean War from 1950-1953. It discusses the division of Korea along the 38th parallel by the US and USSR following World War 2. This division and tensions between capitalism and communism led to the countries trying to unify Korea under their respective ideologies, resulting in the Korean War. The war involved limited warfare between the US and USSR by proxy through South Korea and North Korea. It also impacted civilians through millions of casualties and economic and political changes in South Korea.
Korean war
The document provides background information on the Korean War including its causes, key events, individuals involved, and lasting effects. It describes how the war began with North Korea invading South Korea in 1950 and the US and UN allies aiding South Korea while China and the Soviet Union supported North Korea, leading to a stalemate. Timelines, maps, and explanations of key figures like Kim Il-sung and General MacArthur are included to help understand the context and progression of the Korean War.
Korean war! Explained. Phases and causes. Outcome?
The document discusses the start of the Korean War in 1950. It summarizes that North Korea invaded South Korea after Kim Il Sung gained approval from Stalin and Mao Zedong. The US was alarmed by the communist expansion and persuaded the UN to support South Korea. General MacArthur led US troops that drove back the North Koreans but then China entered the war and pushed the US back. After more fighting, an armistice was eventually signed in 1953 under Eisenhower to end the war.
Japanese Middle Ages
1. Early Japanese culture was influenced by adopting aspects of Chinese culture such as Buddhism, Confucian values, architecture, and agricultural techniques, while maintaining native Japanese traditions like Shintoism.
2. As centralized imperial rule declined in the 1100s due to civil war, a decentralized feudal system emerged in Japan similar to contemporary European feudalism, with samurai warriors and daimyo lords ruling over peasant farmers.
3. During the Shogunate period from the 1100s to 1860s, supreme military leaders called shoguns governed Japan through a feudal system with the emperor serving as a figurehead, cementing decentralized rule in contrast to the earlier imperial system modeled after China.
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World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in history. It was caused by four main factors: 1) The harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles signed after WWI upset Germany. 2) Hitler's secret rearmament of Germany in violation of the treaty. 3) The failure of the appeasement policy of Britain and France to curb German aggression. 4) The inability of the League of Nations to effectively address conflicts due to lacking enforcement powers and slow decision making.
32 4 the allied victory
The Allies turned the tide of war in 1942-1943 on two fronts. In North Africa, the British defeated Rommel's forces at El Alamein and took control of North Africa. Meanwhile, the Soviets stopped the German advance and won a major victory at the Battle of Stalingrad. In 1943, the Allies invaded Italy and took Sicily, but fighting in Italy continued. The Allies also began preparing for D-Day in 1944, when they launched an invasion of German-occupied France and eventually liberated Paris. Germany surrendered unconditionally in 1945 after the Soviets captured Berlin. The war in the Pacific ended after the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading Japan to surrender in September
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Mao Zedong was a revolutionary leader who established communist rule in China and served as the first Chairman of the People's Republic of China from its establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976. As chairman, Mao launched controversial campaigns like the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution that had disastrous economic and social consequences but aimed to solidify his power and communist ideology. Mao's rule transformed China's government and society but also led to widespread violence, oppression, and millions of deaths under his authoritarian leadership before his death ended his dictatorship.
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The document discusses the ideological differences between the USA and USSR that helped cause the Cuban Missile Crisis. The key difference was that the USA supported capitalism and free market principles while the USSR supported communism and strong government control. These opposing political ideologies led to conflict during the Cold War as each country wanted to promote their system globally and prevent the spread of the other. The placement of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba increased tensions further and brought the two sides closer to war.
The Cold War Expands
The Cold War expanded globally through the 1950s as tensions rose between the United States and Soviet Union. They engaged in an arms race, stockpiling nuclear weapons on a massive scale in a strategy of mutually assured destruction. President Eisenhower pursued containment of communism through nuclear deterrence rather than conventional forces. Conflicts erupted in areas like Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and were met with new policies like massive retaliation and the Eisenhower Doctrine. The space race began as the Soviets launched Sputnik, worrying Americans and leading to the creation of NASA.
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The document discusses the end of the Cold War. It states that the collapse of the Soviet Union was not due to military force by NATO, as no tanks fired or bombs fell. Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in the 1980s allowed criticism of the Soviet government and led to reforms of the communist system. This loss of confidence in communist rule, along with economic stagnation, contributed to the peaceful dissolution of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War without direct military confrontation.
Lesson 1 Causes of WWII
The main causes of WWII were:
1) The Treaty of Versailles crippled Germany economically and politically after WWI, fueling German resentment and allowing Hitler to rise to power.
2) The policy of appeasement failed to stop German and Italian aggression as Britain and France continued to give in to Hitler's demands.
3) The emergence of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union centralized power in dictators like Hitler and Stalin who were able to mobilize their nations for war.
4) The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact allowed Germany and the Soviet Union to divide up Eastern Europe, enabling Hitler's invasion of Poland and the start of WWII.
Korean War
The Korean War began on June 25, 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea over territorial disputes between the two countries that had emerged after World War 2. The war involved North and South Korea as well as the United States and Soviet Union supporting opposing sides. Fighting ended in 1953 after heavy casualties on both sides left Korea divided between a communist North and democratic South. Over 36,000 US soldiers and an estimated total of 54,000 people died in the conflict. Today Korea remains divided between the two governments along the original border established at the end of the war.
Sec 4N Hist (Elec) Chapter 8: Start of the Cold War
The Cold War in Europe was caused by ideological differences and distrust between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, following World War II. Key disagreements at conferences like Yalta and Potsdam over issues like the borders and administration of Germany and Eastern Europe increased tensions. The Berlin Blockade further escalated the conflict when the Soviets tried to cut off access to West Berlin, leading to the Berlin Airlift. These events helped divide Europe into Western and Eastern spheres of influence and led to opposing military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
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Japan expanded its empire in the 1930s-1940s by invading Manchuria and making it a puppet state, and later invaded more of China which led Chinese Nationalist and Communists to temporarily unite against Japan. Japan sought to control Manchuria, China and other Asian territories for their natural resources to fuel Japan's war against China and ambitions of creating a co-prosperity sphere across Asia.
Imperial Japan
1) After Commodore Perry forcibly opened up Japan to Western trade in 1853, Japan began modernizing through "selective borrowing" from Western nations like Germany and adopting Western technology while maintaining Japanese culture and values.
2) Japan emerged as an imperialist power, defeating China in the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905.
3) By the early 20th century, Japan had established itself as a regional power that went on to annex Korea and expand its influence in China.
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ULTRA REVISION: MANCHURIA 1931
ULTRA REVISION: MANCHURIA 1931.
In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, which was a large province of China. Japan was after raw materials essentially within Manchuria, and after a market for Japanese goods.
Causes of wwii pacific war
The document discusses the long term and short term causes of WWII in the Pacific from Japan's perspective. It covers Japan's isolationist policies from the 1600s-1800s, its modernization after the US opened trade in 1853, and its emergence as an imperial power following victories over China and Russia. It then discusses Japan's growing militarism and nationalism in the 1930s-1940s as it expanded into Manchuria and China, deteriorating its relations with Western powers. The document outlines the key events that led to the Pacific War, including Japan's occupation of Indochina in 1941 and the subsequent US embargo that prompted Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.
Japan and imperialism
The document summarizes issues with the League of Nations, including the United States and Soviet Union not joining until later and lacking enforcement power. It also discusses conferences like the Five-Power Treaty regulating naval strength and the Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawing war. Militarism grew in Japan due to overpopulation and a need for resources. Emperor Hirohito had absolute rule while the military influenced policy. Tensions increased due to the Great Depression, Japan's invasions of China, and US embargoes in response. Hideki Tojo became prime minister in 1941 while consolidating military power.
Seeds of the War - Appeasement
The document discusses the events leading up to World War II, including Japanese imperialism in Asia starting in the late 19th century, the weakness of the League of Nations in responding to aggression by Germany, Italy and Japan in the 1930s, the policy of appeasement by European powers which emboldened Hitler, and the 1937 Nanking Massacre committed by Japanese forces in China in which hundreds of thousands of civilians were killed.
History of japan
Japan has been a nation which has played an important part in formulating the Asian history. It has been a part of a number of historic events and occurrences and have also been active in treaties and wars. In this research paper the study will be focused on the history of Japan and the forces which led to the aggression in mainland China. The analysis will be done on the whether the Meiji settlement had led to the inheritance of militants in Japan. Further, there was an abrupt change in the policies of Japan after 1931. In addition to this the political social and economic forces during those times will be discussed.
Fascist japan
The document discusses the rise of fascism in Japan in the early 20th century. It outlines several factors that contributed to the growth of fascist ideas in Japan, including the failure of democracy to solve economic problems, corruption, and restrictions on Japanese power from foreign treaties. The document also examines external factors like American expansionism in Asia, immigration laws targeting Japanese people, and a resurgent Chinese nationalism, which threatened Japan's ambitions and further pushed the country towards militarism and fascism.
Japan modern history
1) The document discusses Japan's history in the 20th century, focusing on events leading up to and during World War 2 in Asia. It describes Japan's increasing military aggression in mainland Asia and conflicts with the United States.
2) It outlines the US bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with atomic weapons in August 1945 after Japan refused to surrender.
3) Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945, ending World War 2. The US then occupied Japan and oversaw reforms that established a democratic government and constitution.
Japanese militarism and occupation
Militarism grew in Japan from 1918-1932 as the country emerged from WWI strong economically but was later hit hard by the Great Depression. The military took control and pursued expansionist goals in the 1930s to revive the economy, dominate Asia economically and militarily, and free Asia from western influence. Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933 in response to international condemnation. Aggression continued in China, culminating in the Rape of Nanking in 1937 where hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and soldiers were murdered. Japan joined the Axis alliance in 1940 and later attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941, bringing the U.S. into WWII against Japan. Japan's imperial ambitions ultimately failed as resources
Road To War Pacific
The document summarizes Japan's imperial expansion in Asia and the Pacific prior to World War 2, driven by its goals of acquiring territory, resources, and living space. It describes Japan's invasion of Manchuria in 1931 and increasing aggression in China from 1937. As relations soured with the United States due to its occupation of China, Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. This brought the US into the war and led to years of fighting across the Pacific as the US retook lost territories in a strategy of island hopping until atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 led Japan to surrender.
LEAGUE OF NATIONS: THE MANCHURIAN CRISIS
LEAGUE OF NATIONS: THE MANCHURIAN CRISIS.
The Manchurian Crisis 1931-1933 followed the Mukden Incident in which Japanese rail tracks were destroyed in an explosion. The issue was investigated by the League of Nations which found Japan to be at fault. The Japanese ignored the League of Nations and left the organisation.
31 4 aggressors-invade_nations
1) In the 1930s, Germany, Italy, and Japan aggressively expanded their territories through military force as the major democracies pursued appeasement policies hoping to maintain peace.
2) Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and all of China by 1937, committing atrocities like the Nanjing Massacre. Germany remilitarized the Rhineland in 1936 in violation of the Treaty of Versailles and annexed Austria in 1938.
3) At the 1938 Munich Conference, Britain and France agreed to Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in hopes of appeasing Hitler, but this emboldened further German expansion including seizing all of Czechoslovakia in early 1939.
World War Two
This slideshow contains a large amount of information and it is best to download it and to read it on a full screen, at leisure.
Churchill said many times that WW2 was an ‘unnecessary war’. He was thinking only of the Europe and not the WW2 in the Pacific. Hegemony, imperialism and nationalism had a lot of to do with it, but historian can never be satisfied with these labels. Unlike the sociologists, military strategists, the economists and psychologists, historians cannot be satisfied with generalisations. These are not specific enough for the historians. Historians like to dig into their subject in details and look into the specifics, motives and the events. Because their explanation is in such detail level, inevitably there are many shades of opinions and different views. Then they debate amongst themselves and hopeful come to some kind of conclusion as to what actually happened. But this is too complicated for politicains. They like simple explanation. Politicians pick and choose facts and events to build their case according to their political colours.
This is what is happening to the history of the Second World War. It is been revised, distorted and even denied. In authoritarian society, books are banned, views are censored and people are kept ignorance of the events. In a more open nations, this could lead to denial of holocausts and atrocities. Myths and invention can always manufactured to justify their ideology. As J H Plumb said in ‘The Death of the Past’, the role of the historian was to “dissolve those simple structural generalisations by which our forefathers interpreted the purpose of life in historical terms” and to challenge the use of the past as an instrument of political or social repression. In the words of British historian Eric Hobsbawn “We (historian) have a responsibility to historical facts in general, and for criticizing the politico-ideological abuse of history in particular.” No nation is greater or smaller because of their past, it is what they are doing today that matters. Jerry 23 Dec 2015.
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Japanese Imperialism on China
1) Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 under the pretext of a staged railway explosion, and used propaganda to set up a puppet state called Manchukuo.
2) In 1937, Japan launched a full-scale invasion of China, capturing many major cities. The Nanjing Massacre resulted in 300,000 civilian deaths.
3) While Japan gained resources and territory, China suffered severe losses from violence, slave labor, and cultural destruction that have lasted into the modern era.
Outbreak of WWII in Asia-Pacific
The slides are a bit bare for now, but this is the very quick summary of the important events and developments in Chapter 6. We learnt about Japan's history and how it affected its rise to global power. We saw how the crises in Japan as well as external forces led Japan into conflict with the nations around it, eventually culminating in WWII in Asia.
Presentación1
- Japan established a protectorate over Korea after defeating China in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, assassinating the Korean Queen Min that same year.
- Korea was fully annexed by Japan in 1910 after the Russo-Japanese War. The Joseon Dynasty was abolished.
- Despite several independence movements and demonstrations, Japan maintained control over Korea until its defeat in World War II in 1945.
Presentación1
- Japan established a protectorate over Korea after defeating China in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, assassinating the Korean Queen Min that same year.
- Korea was fully annexed by Japan in 1910 after the Russo-Japanese War. The Joseon Dynasty was abolished.
- There were numerous independence movements and demonstrations against Japanese rule during their occupation of Korea from 1895 to 1945.
War with Japan
The document discusses Japan's invasion of China in the early 20th century. It provides background on Japan's increasing control over areas of China from 1895. It then examines the reasons for Japan's full invasion of Manchuria in 1931, including Japan viewing China as weak and seeking to replace it as Asia's dominant power. The document also looks at the impact of the Japanese invasion on China, including the brutal Nanjing Massacre that sought to terrify the Chinese population into submission but had the opposite effect of galvanizing resistance. Finally, it evaluates how the war with Japan contributed to the growth of the Chinese Communist Party by allowing it to position itself as a force resisting foreign aggression.
The History of the Second World War - WW II
The document provides a summary of key events leading up to World War 2. It describes how Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 and bombed Shanghai, marking the first terror bombing of civilians. In 1935-36, Italy attacked Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and occupied it, while Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland in violation of the Treaty of Versailles after World War 1, shifting the balance of power in Europe to Germany. Racial ideologies in Japan and Nazi Germany led them to believe in their own racial superiority over others. The rise of dictators like Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler contributed to the path towards war.
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President Reagan
Ronald Reagan was a conservative American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Some key details about his life and presidency include: He was born in 1911 in Illinois and got his start in Hollywood before pursuing a career in politics. As President, Reagan advocated for lower taxes, less government regulation of the economy, and increased defense spending. His policies aimed to stimulate economic growth and roll back communism. However, his presidency was also marked by controversies like the Iran-Contra affair and growing inequality.
Watergate
The Watergate scandal of the 1970s involved the burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate apartment complex in Washington D.C. by Republican operatives connected to President Richard Nixon's re-election campaign. Multiple investigations revealed that senior White House officials, including Nixon, were involved in attempting to cover-up the burglary and other abuses of power. Facing impeachment and criminal prosecution, Nixon resigned as president on August 9, 1974, becoming the only U.S. president to resign from office. His successor Gerald Ford later pardoned Nixon for any federal crimes he may have committed.
Nixon, Ford, & Carter (1969-1981)
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War began in 1954 after France lost control of Vietnam to Ho Chi Minh's Viet Minh forces. Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel, with Ho Chi Minh controlling North Vietnam and Ngo Dinh Diem controlling South Vietnam. The US initially provided aid to Diem's repressive government in South Vietnam and gradually increased military involvement over the following decades. Despite massive US bombing campaigns and increasing troop deployments, the Tet Offensive in 1968 showed that the US was not winning the war. Growing anti-war sentiment led Nixon to begin withdrawing troops in 1973, and South Vietnam fell to Communist rule in 1975. The human and financial costs of the war were immense.
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APUSH Exam
The document summarizes the format and scoring of the AP US History exam. It is divided into two sections totaling 3 hours and 15 minutes. Section I has multiple choice and short answer questions worth 60% of the score. Section II contains a document-based question and long essay question worth the remaining 40%. Scores range from 1 to 5, with 5 being extremely well qualified. The exam covers US history from 1491 to the present in chronological order.
Intro to Political Parties
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President Nixon
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1950s Culture
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The document summarizes the rise of fascism in Europe in the 1930s and the events leading up to America's entry into World War 2. It describes how Germany, Italy, and Japan increasingly violated international laws and invaded other nations. While the League of Nations condemned these actions, they were unable to stop them. Britain and France initially pursued a policy of appeasement toward Germany. As Germany continued expanding territorially through Europe, President Roosevelt took steps to increase US defense and aid to Britain through measures like Lend-Lease, but most Americans still favored isolationism. The war began in Europe in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland. By 1940, Germany had conquered much of the continent while Britain stood alone, increasing pressure
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- 1. Japan Builds an Empire 17.3 (pp. 581-584)
- 2. Assignment #17 Make a list of steps Japan took in order to build an empire, you should have 5+ events Additionally define the following terms: Manchurian Incident Puppet state Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
- 3. Growing Military Power Commodore Matthew Perry arrives in Tokyo in 1853 Opened trade between U.S. & Japan Japan realized it must build up its army/navy for protection
- 4. Growing Military Power Japan fought w/ Allies in WWI Gained possessions, & accessed new markets; economy prospered post-war Joined League of Nations & signed Kellogg-Briand Pact Promoted peace until…
- 5. Democracy in Crisis Recessions rocked Japan in 1920s & 1930s Foreign trade dropped off Layoffs, strikes, political discontent Nationalist groups arose, hoped to have military take over of the government Also promoted a return a traditional ways & the shunning of Western-style institutions
- 6. The Manchurian Incident Population of Japan was increasing quickly (1 million/year) B/c of this Manchuria was eyed as a prize possession Incident started when Japanese army detonated explosives near a railway & then blamed the event on Chinese dissidents By 1932 the Japanese army took all of Manchuria from China, not approved by gov’t officials Shocked other countries, isolated Japan Event was labeled as the “Manchurian Incident”
- 8. The Manchurian Incident Japan est. a puppet state called Manchukuo Puppet state=A supposedly independent country under the control of a powerful neighbor Japanese moved to Manchuria in large numbers, became a colony Sent 1 million+ League of Nations told Japan to leave Manchuria, but they refused to do so
- 9. Military Gains Power Naval officials assassinated the prime minister in 1932 Several gov’t officials were murdered by the military in 1936 The Japanese military received greater power, but never officially took control of the government; gov’t officials feared for their lives “The military are like an untamed horse left to run wild. If you try head-on to stop it, you’ll get kicked to death. The only hope is to jump on from the side and try to get it under control while still allowing it to have it’s head to a certain extent.”—Hirota Koki
- 10. War Against China War broke about between China & Japan in 1937 Japan’s superior weaponry overcame China’s advantage in manpower Warplanes bombed cities “Rape of Nanjing” Japanese killed or brutalized at least 100K Chinese civilians (up to 300K), roughly 20K women were raped
- 11. War Against China Japan’s actions were condemned by U.S. & others Congress passed Neutrality Acts preventing U.S. from becoming involved in foreign wars Britain & the Soviet Union sent supplies to China War reached a stalemate by 1939, thanks to guerilla tactics by Chinese
- 12. Looking Beyond China Japan’s prime minister announced the Greater East Asia Co- Prosperity Sphere in 1940 Japan declared it would liberate east Asia from European powers In reality Japan needed the supplies from the region to continue its war with China Japan allied w/ Germany & Italy in 1940 via Tripartite Pact
- 13. Looking Beyond China Next Japan moved troops into French Indochina (Vietnam) & the Dutch East Indies In 1941 Japan signed a neutrality act with the Soviet Union
- 15. Assignment #17 Make a list of steps Japan took in order to build an empire, you should have 5+ events Additionally define the following terms: Manchurian Incident Puppet state Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere