Ronald Reagan was a conservative American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Some key details about his life and presidency include: He was born in 1911 in Illinois and got his start in Hollywood before pursuing a career in politics. As President, Reagan advocated for lower taxes, less government regulation of the economy, and increased defense spending. His policies aimed to stimulate economic growth and roll back communism. However, his policies also increased inequality and federal debt. Reagan survived an assassination attempt in 1981.
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a major tax cut, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as "Reaganomics", were inspired by supply-side economics. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the federal debt increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (which simplified the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks) and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Reagan also appointed more federal judges than any other president, including four Supreme Court Justices.
Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
Eoct review questions gps 25 late cold war and modern politicsphillipgrogers
Late Cold War and Modern Politics Richard Nixon detente stagflation Roe v. Wade Watergate Gerald Ford Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Reaganomics Ronald Reagan Berlin Wall Iran-Contra Scandal George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Gore September 11th
Entering a New Century, 1992-2013Chapter 29T.docxSALU18
Entering a New Century,
1992-2013
Chapter 29
The Clinton YearsThe Opening RoundNAFTAGATTAIDS Federal support became available“Contract with America”Called for reduced federal spending and support for family values1994 elections
*
The ComebackWon the 1995 “battle of the budget”
Clinton’s Second TermSet a centrist agendaBalanced Budget ActTaxpayer Relief Act
The Clinton Years
*
Clinton’s Foreign PolicyWorked to reduce trade barriersEnhance global economic stabilityMiddle EastContinued efforts to ease tensionsDayton AgreementEthnic cleansing
The Clinton Years
*
Economy and Society in the 1990sA Revitalized Economy1992 started to climb out of recessionOne of the longest period of sustained economic growth in the nation’s historyBegan slowing again in 2001Rapid growth in information technologyThis was only the beginning
*
Economy and Society in the 1990sRich, Poor, and in Betweenmore people forced into service industrieswages were lowerbenefits scarceMedical expenses One of the country’s fastest rising costs
*
Women, Family, and the Culture WarDramatic changes in family structureFeminization of povertyAbortion remained one of the most divisive issues1996 Defense of Marriage Act
Economy and Society in the 1990s
*
Judicial Restraint and the Rehnquist CourtConservatives and most Republicans believed the Supreme Court needed to practice judicial restraintModified many of the principles of the Warren Court
The Clinton Years
*
New Agendas and ChallengesThe 2000 ElectionDemocrat Al GoreTexas Governor Geroge W. BushControversy over results
Establishing the Bush AgendaTax cutsEducation reform
*
Charting New Foreign PoliciesRepublicans believed Clinton had been too interested in international cooperationWeakened the nation’s power
New Agendas and Challenges
*
An Assault Against a NationSeptember 11, 2001Among Democrats and Republicans, efforts were made to minimize political rhetoric and support the presidentAl-QaedaSaddam Hussein in Iraq
New Agendas and Challenges
*
War and PoliticsWar on TerrorismAl-QaedaOsama bin LadenCoalition-building efforts
*
War and PoliticsIraq and PoliticsSaddam Hussein“shock and awe”Iraq became a new kind of war zone
*
War and PoliticsBush’s Second TermHurricane KatrinaTroop surge
*
Economic Crisis and ObamaObama won 2008 election53% of popular voteTARP
The Politics of FilibusterAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment ActHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act
War and Politics
*
Republican ResurgenceTea Party movementGridlock and Election of 2012Budget Control ActMitt Romney – Republican candidate“fiscal cliff”Obama re-elected51% of vote
War and Politics
*
America Under Stress, 1967-1976
Chapter 27
Johnson and the WarAmericanization of the Vietnam WarCommunism presented a direct challenge American interestsPresident Johnson delayed because it was an election yearDomino theoryTet Offensive
*
The Antiwar MovementIn 1965, most American ...
Slide 8 WestCal Political Science 5 Western Political Thought 2016WestCal Academy
Political Science 5 - Western Political Thought provides an overall perspective of major political movements of history from the rising of Egyptian, Greek and Roman Empires to Fascism and Communism as seen by great political thinkers from Plato, Aristotle, and St. Augustine, Machiavelli, Marx, and Lenin. Students will analyze the most important ideas and theories that have been developed from the time of the ancient Greeks to the present day. Students will learn that the American Founding Fathers designed a viable representative government by first dedicating themselves to careful study of the political philosophy of Europeans, with particular attention given to British political thinkers from the 16th and 17th century. The founding fathers focused primarily on the natural rights of man, which in turn varied according to the individual philosopher studied. Over the course of their study, the founding fathers openly discussed their opinions with one another so as to properly bring forth differing views in order to prudently construct a government that would protect individual liberty, as well as determine what was required of government to protect civil liberties. The class is taught from the perspective of industry professionals with knowledge of how classical and modern political continues to influence American government. Students will learn of multiple career options relating to the field of political science.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Overview on Edible Vaccine: Pros & Cons with Mechanism
Ronald Reagan
1.
2. Born in Tampico, IL in
1911
Eureka College
• Economics, sociology,
football
Sports announcer
• U. of Iowa football
• Chicago Cubs
Hollywood career
begins in 1937
• Appeared in 53 films over
2 decades
• “The Gipper” in Knute
Rockne, All American
First wife—Jane
Wyman, an actress
• 2 children
2nd wife—Nancy Davis,
an actress
• 2 more children
Served as SAG
President from 1947-
1952, 1959
• Fervent anti-communist;
testified before HUAC
3.
4. An admirer of FDR, a
Democrat
Shifted to the right
during the ’50s, after
marrying Nancy
Formally switched to
GOP in ‘62
Campaigned for
Goldwater in ‘64
5. Won election in 1966
Conservative, tough
on war protesters @
Cal-Berkeley, pro-life
Re-elected in 1970
Advocated against
the welfare state
Less gov’t regulation
of the economy
6. Reagan challenged
incumbent Ford in bid
to be GOP candidate
Ford narrowly beat
Reagan for
Republican nod
Ford loses to Carter
that November
7. Carter’s approval rating
was low
• Iranian hostage crisis
• Weak economy
Reagan chose primary
opponent George H.W.
Bush as running mate
Promised lower taxes,
less gov’t interference &
strong national defense
Reagan wins 50.7% of
the popular vote to
Carter’s 41%
Reagan wins 44 states
& 489 electoral votes
Oldest man elected
ever, 69 y.o.
8.
9.
10. Inaugural address—
”Government is not the
solution to our
problems; government
is the problem.”
Assassination attempt
March 30, 1981
John Hinckley, Jr.
Near Washington Hilton
Hotel
Shot in chest & right
arm
Hinckley was obsessed
w/ Jodie Foster
Found not guilty,
insanity
11. Reagan joked in
operating room, “I hop
you are all
Republicans”
Released after two
weeks
Helped his approval
rating
• Up to 73%
13. Air Traffic Controllers’ Strike, summer of
‘81
• PATCO, union of federal air traffic controllers
• Sought better working conditions, including better
pay & a 32-hour workweek
• Reagan: If they “do not report for work w/in 48 hrs.
they have forfeited their jobs & will be terminated.”
11K+ were fired by Reagan
14. Supply-side economics
& free-market fiscal
policy
Hoped to stimulate the
economy w/ tax cuts
• Economic Recovery Tax
Act of 1981
Top bracket of income taxes
reduced from 70% to 50%
“Peace through
strength”
• Defense spending
increases 40% between
‘81 & ‘85
15. Inflation during Carter’s
Presidency=12.5%;
Reagan=4.4%
Unemployment rate in
‘81=7.5%; ‘89=5.4%
• 10.8% in ’82
GDP grew rapidly
Critics labeled policies
“trickle-down
economics”
• Gap between rich & poor
continued to grow
• Minorities/poor felt
Reagan was indifferent to
their plight
• Froze minimum wage @
$3.35
• Cut gov’t spending in
many areas, including:
Medicaid, Food Stamps,
& the EPA
16. Reversal of détente
Massive
military/defense build-
up
June 8, 1982, in front of
British Parliament, “the
forward march of
freedom & democracy
will leave Marxism-
Leninism on the ash-
heap of history.”
Calls the Soviet Union
an “evil empire”
Reagan Doctrine:
support for anti-
Communist revolutions
around the world
1983, Strategic Defense
Initiative (SDI), “Star
Wars”
• Potential missile defense
system
17.
18. U.S. forces in Grenada,
1983
• U.S. victory w/in weeks—
constitutional gov’t
• 19 American casualties
U.S. forces in Lebanon,
1983
• Peace-keeping mission
• Beirut barracks
bombed—241 American
servicemen killed
• Marines withdrawn
1984 Summer Olympics
in Los Angeles
• USSR boycotts
• Americans dominate
19. Reagan proclaims it is
“morning again in
America”
Democrats choose
former VP Walter
Mondale
Mondale chooses
Geraldine Ferraro as
his VP candidate
• 1st female on major party
ticket
Some questioned
Reagan’s age (73)
He seemed confused &
forgetful at times
• Rumors of Alzheimer’s
swirled
Reagan, “I will not make
age an issue of this
campaign. I am not
going to exploit…my
opponent’s youth &
inexperience.”
20.
21.
22. Challenger explosion, Jan. of ‘86
• 7 killed, including teacher Christa McAuliffe
• Many saw it live on TV
Reagan had announced a “war on drugs”
in 1982
• Passed a drug enforcement bill in ’86; budgeted
$1.7 billion
• 1st Lady Nancy founded the “Just Say No” drug
awareness campaign
23. Iran-Contra Affair, 1986
• Scandal that shook Reagan administration
• Proceeds from secretive arms sales to Iran were used
to fund Contras in Nicaragua, even though funding this
group had been made illegal by Congress
Contras were fighting the Cuban-supported Sandinistas
• Reagan proclaimed he knew nothing of the plot
An investigation found no evidence linking Reagan to the
plan
• Lost some of America’s trust; popularity fell
24. Heavy military spending, collectivized farming
& planned manufacturing had put a burden on
Soviet spending
• Soviet economy was stagnant under Gorbachev
Reagan had 4 summits w/ Gorbachev
between ‘85 & ’88
• INF & START I
• Is the Soviet Union still an “evil empire”? “No!”
• “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”—1987
Wall torn down in November of ’89
• Cold War declared over in December of ’89
• Soviet Union collapsed in 1991
25.
26.
27. Appointees
• Sandra Day O’Connor,
1981
1st female on SC
• Antonin Scalia, 1986
Still in office
• William Rehnquist raised
to Chief Justice, 1986
• Anthony Kennedy, 1988
Still in office
SC became more
conservative
28. Revival of patriotism
Resistance to civil
rights & women’s
movement grew
• ERA rejected in ‘82
Fight for homosexual
rights increasingly
polarized
• Backlash as AIDs
spread
Farm crisis
• Falling prices,
oversupply
• Bankruptcies,
foreclosures, debt
• Gov’t spending on ag.
increases greatly, $20
billion/year
• Farm Aid concerts,
est.1985
1987 @ Memorial Stadium
29. Economy shifts away
from manufacturing
• Downsizing
• Hits Northeast & Upper
Midwest
• “Rust Belt”
Wealth inequality
• Nation’s richest 400
tripled their wealth during
the Reagan years
S & L Scandal
• Deregulation
• Savings & loans banks
took advantage of new
laws, made huge fortunes
for themselves
• Risky investments
Entitlements continue to
grow as America ages
• Reagan tried, but could
not restrain these
programs