The document summarizes the expansion of suffrage and voting rights in the United States over time. It discusses how voting was initially only granted to white male property owners but has expanded to include all races, both sexes above age 18. The document also outlines the various stages of this expansion, from eliminating property and religious requirements, to amendments granting rights to Black men, women, those over 18, and residents of Washington D.C. Finally, it discusses ongoing debates around voter registration requirements and voter identification laws.
Paris, Septembre 2015 - Mairie du 18ème arrondissement
Ce compte-rendu reprend le déroulé du meetup #2 sur la végétalisation à Paris. Y sont également présentés les résultats du budget participatif lien avec la végétalisation et les retours des groupes de travail.
Pourquoi votre agence ou votre projet avec votre client s’est-il planté ?Thomas BART
Dans une entreprise, il arrive parfois que la greffe d’un recrutement ne prenne pas. Souvent, on attribue l’échec à la personnalité (ou aux compétences) du recruté. On oublie souvent dans cette circonstance qu’il y a des éléments exogènes et endogènes à l’entreprise qui expliquent que la greffe ne pouvait prendre.
Il en va de même pour la gestion d’un projet. Qui n’a pas assisté au lancement d’un projet en grande pompe dans son entreprise ? Et parfois il arrive que ces projets soient des montagnes qui accouchent d’une souris, si ce n’est pire.
La différence entre un projet qui réussit et un projet qui rate est parfois ténue. Il ne faut pas grand chose pour que la pièce tombe d’un côté ou de l’autre.
>DESCRIPTION:
Google Self-driving Cars are developed by Google [X] as part of its project to develop technology for mainly electric cars.
A Self-driving car (driver-less car, unmanned car, autonomous car, robotic car) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human supervision or input. These modern cars are incorporated with finest features which allow them to operate autonomously.
Autonomous and unmanned technology is emerging gradually but continually, with new opportunities for its employment likely to follow in almost every industry which are involve in vehicle manufacturing like Ford, BMW, Audi etc.
Despite of the fact that this technology is emerging but autonomous and unmanned vehicles involve a transfer of control from direct human input to automated or self-control. This has implications for the determination of liability in the event of an incident, and will be a key factor in the pricing and risk transfer.
>MISSION:
According to Jennifer Haroon (Head of Business Operations - Google[X]):
“Our mission is to improve people’s life by transforming ability, and when we talk about transforming ability, one of the main part of that is “Safety”
>HISTORY:
The vision behind the Google Autonomous Cars was began as early as the 1939 New York World’s Fair where visitors were presented a vision of automated cars.
Another concept behind the “Google Driver-less Car” is the advertise from 1950’s showing a family on route trip.
>BEGINNING:
Numerous major companies and research organizations have developed working prototype autonomous vehicles, including Mercedes-Benz, General Motors, Continental Automotive Systems, IAV, Autoliv Inc., Bosch, Nissan, Renault, Toyota, Audi, Volvo, Tesla Motors, Peugeot, AKKA Technologies, Vislab from University of Parma, Oxford University and Google.
The reason behind the popularity of “Google Autonomous Vehicle” is because in May 2014, Google presented a new concept for their driver-less car that had neither a steering wheel nor pedals, and unveiled a fully functioning prototype in December of that year that they planned to test on San Francisco Bay Area roads beginning in 2015.
>TECHNOLOGY:
Google's robotic cars have about $150,000 in equipment. The software installed in Google's cars is named Google Chauffeur as well as including Lasers, Cameras, Radars, and Computing System that makes it into a “Self Driving Vehicle”
>SURVEY:
Expert members of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) have determined that driver-less vehicles will be the most viable form of intelligent transportation. They estimate that up to 75% of all vehicles will be autonomous by 2040.
Persuasive Essay Voting
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
3. Expansion of the Electorate
At first suffrage was only granted to white male
property owners
1 in 15 adult white males
Today the electorate is 230 million +
Restrictions have been taken away & federal government has
taken control of suffrage laws
4. Extending the Suffrage
Stage 1=States eliminated religious requirements &
property-owning requirements
Stage 2=15th
Amendment (1870) allowed African
American males to vote
Still difficult for many blacks to vote for various reasons—poll
taxes, literacy tests, violence
Stage 3=19th
Amendment (1920) allowed women to
vote nationally
5.
6.
7. Extending the Suffrage
Stage 4=Civil rights movement, 1960s
Civil rights acts
Voting Rights Act of 1965
23rd
Amendment (1961) allowed voters of Washington, DC to
vote in presidential elections
24th
Amendment (1964) eliminated poll taxes
8.
9.
10. Extending the Suffrage
Stage 5=26th
Amendment (1971), no state can set the
minimum age for voting at more than 18 years
Vietnam War era
11.
12.
13. The Powers to Set Voting Qualifications
Constitution does not give the federal government
power to set voting qualifications
Constitution does set 5 restrictions
1. If allowed to vote in state elections, you can vote in national
elections as well
2. Cannot be denied vote based on race or color
3. Cannot be denied vote based on gender
4. No state cannot require a payment of a tax in order to vote
5. No state can deny a person the age of 18 or older the right to
vote
16. Universal Requirements
1. Citizenship—foreign-born resident who are not yet
citizens are denied the right to vote
2. Residence—one must be a legal resident of the
state in which he/she wishes to cast a ballot
Various lengths of residency, some states require 30 days,
some less, some none at all
Nearly every state prohibits transients from voting
3. Age—no state can set the minimum age for voting
in any election at more than 18
18-20 y.o.’s historically have low voter turnout
17. Registration
Process of voter identification, meant to prevent
fraudulent voting
Gives election officials a list of qualified voters
Also used to identify voters with a party & provide
eligibility to take part in closed primaries
18. Registration
Requirements:
Typically a voter must provide: name, age, place or birth,
present address, length of residence
Logged by a local official
Registered until he/she moves, dies, convicted of a felony,
moved to a mental institution
Purging of voter lists done every 2-4 years
19. Registration
Controversies:
Some argue that registration requirements should be dropped;
argue that it hurts voter turnout
Others argue that it prevents fraud
Where is the line where it is so easy to vote that fraud is
encouraged, and it is so difficult that legitimate voting is
discouraged?
The U.S. is the only democratic country in which each person
decides whether or not to vote
“Motor Voter Act” effective in 1995
Citizens can register to vote when renewing a driver’s license
20. Registration
Voter ID laws
Require people to prove identity when registering to vote
Usually sponsored by Republican-controlled states
Intended to prevent fraud, but opponents say they are
designed to prevent certain groups from voting
Elderly, disabled, poor, & minority groups
What about voter ID laws?
Fair or unfair?
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-
fix/wp/2013/03/26/the-countrys-voter-id-laws-in-1-map/
21. Literacy Tests
Today no state has voter qualifications based on
literacy
Aimed at limiting certain groups from voting:
Irish Americans, African Americans
Grandfather clauses
SC banned literacy tests as voter requirement in
1970
Oregon v. Mitchell
*See “Can You Answer These?” on p. 162*
22. Tax Payments
Property ownership was once a common voter
requirement
Some state required voters to pay a special tax or a
poll tax
Still in use in AL, MS, TX, & VA in 1966 despite the 24th
Amendment
Taxing requirements are now gone
23. Persons Denied the Vote
People in mental institutions and/or people who are
found to be mentally incompetent
People convicted of serious crimes
In many states convicted felons can regain the right to vote
Some states do not allow people dishonorably
discharged from the military to vote
27. Nonvoting
Only 61% of eligible voters voted in 2008 election;
roughly 57% in 2012
Typically rates are much lower in off-year elections
“Nonvoting voters”
For example: vote for president, but not for members of
Congress
“Ballot fatigue,” voters exhaust patience/knowledge
as they work down the ballot
28. Why People Do Not Vote
“Cannot voters”—resident aliens, ill/physically
disabled, traveling suddenly/unexpectedly, mentally
disabled, prisoners
29. Why People Do Not Vote
Actual Nonvoters—Many are convinced their vote
makes no difference
Many in this group lack political efficacy
Political efficacy—one’s own influence or effectiveness on politics
Cumbersome procedures, long lines, bad weather, etc.
“Time-zone fallout”—discourages voting on West Coast
Lack of interest, indifference
30. Voters Nonvoters
High income
Educated
Long-time residents
Sense of party
identification
Area where there is
competition between
parties
Younger
Less education
Lower pay
Rural locales
Men, more so than
women
Voters vs. Nonvoters
31.
32. Voting Behavior
What we know about voter behavior comes from 3
sources:
1. Results of previous elections
2. The field of survey research
Gallup Organization & Pew Research
3. Political Socialization
The process by which people gain their political attitudes &
opinions
33. Voting Behavior
Sociological factors that influence voters:
1. Income & occupation
Lower=Democrat
Higher=Republican
Professionals w/ higher incomes tend to vote for GOP
candidates
Manual laborers tend to vote for Democrats
34. Voting Behavior
Education
College graduates vote for Republicans in higher percentages
than high school grads
Gender
Women tend to favor Democrats—5-10%
Men often give GOP same edge
“Gender gap”
Topics men & women tend to vote differently on:
Abortion, health care, social welfare programs, military
involvement
35. Voting Behavior
Age
Younger voters prefer Democrats
Older voters prefer Republicans
In ‘08 Obama won 66% of the 30 & under vote
Religion
Protestants prefer the GOP
Catholics & Jews vote for Democrats
‘08 election supported these trends
55% of voters that went to church once/week voted for McCain in
‘08
36. Voting Behavior
Race/Ethnicity
African Americans tend to vote for Democrats
Had voted for Republicans from 1860s to 1930s
Why the shift?
Latinos typically favor Democrats
37. Voting Behavior
Geography
Post-Civil War the South had voted for Democrats
Now the South is controlled by the GOP
States that have most consistently been Republican:
Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,
Wyoming
‘64 was the last time AK, ID, KS, NE, ND, OK, SD, UT, WY voted
for a Democratic presidential candidate (LBJ)
Democrats have controlled New England over past two decades
Voters in small cities & rural areas tend to vote Republican
Urban residents prefer Democrats
38. Presidential Elections—1980-2012
What trends do you see?
Which states always vote the same?
Which states tend to go back & forth?
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?
year=1980
39. Voter Behavior
Family/Groups
Typically 9 out of 10 married couples have the same political
leanings
As many as 2 out of 3 voters follow the political attachments of
their parents
A person’s group associations reinforce the opinions he/she
already has
40. Voting Behavior
Psychological Factors (perception of politics):
Party Identification
Some times little or no regard to issues or candidates
Single-most significant & lasting indicator of voter behavior
Straight-ticket voting
Split-ticket voting his been on the rise since the ‘60s
Today there are large number of people who call themselves
“independents”
1/3 to ¼ of all voters
Important in close elections
Typical independent today=young, above average education,
above average income
41. Voting Behavior
Psychological Factors:
Candidates & Issues
Personality, character, appearance, style past record, ability
Important issues recent elections: recession, Iraq &
Afghanistan Wars, immigration, health care