Nixon pursued a policy of détente by relaxing tensions with major communist powers. His national security advisor Henry Kissinger played a key role in secret diplomatic outreach to China and the Soviet Union. This led to Nixon's historic 1972 visit to China, establishing diplomatic relations and further cooperation. Nixon also reached agreements with the Soviet Union, including the SALT I treaty that imposed the first limits on nuclear weapons.
http://www.tomrichey.net
Richard Nixon rose through the political ranks as a staunch anti-communist; however, the policy of his predecessors brought the world to the brink of nuclear war and brought the U.S. into an expensive and increasingly unpopular war.
Nixon embraced the policy of détente, a relaxing of tensions with the communist world. He negotiated the SALT I Treaty, established relations with Communist China, and established the Nixon Doctrine of assisting allies with money and weapons, but not with U.S. troops.
The Nixon Doctrine was applied in Vietnam with the Vietnamization of the war. Nixon declared “Peace with Honor” when the last U.S. troops left Vietnam, but Saigon fell to the communists just two years later.
Nixon employed the Madman Theory so that his adversaries would believe he was unpredictable.
http://www.tomrichey.net
Richard Nixon rose through the political ranks as a staunch anti-communist; however, the policy of his predecessors brought the world to the brink of nuclear war and brought the U.S. into an expensive and increasingly unpopular war.
Nixon embraced the policy of détente, a relaxing of tensions with the communist world. He negotiated the SALT I Treaty, established relations with Communist China, and established the Nixon Doctrine of assisting allies with money and weapons, but not with U.S. troops.
The Nixon Doctrine was applied in Vietnam with the Vietnamization of the war. Nixon declared “Peace with Honor” when the last U.S. troops left Vietnam, but Saigon fell to the communists just two years later.
Nixon employed the Madman Theory so that his adversaries would believe he was unpredictable.
US Foreign Policy: A Commemoration Through The YearsEling Price
This mini-project is a comprehensive presentation on US Foreign Policy first beginning in 1899 well unto the millennium era. The assignment is for Professor McFadden History 1023.52 ~ 15 SP. The due date deadline is Friday, May 1, 2015 11:59 pm. The following was prepared by Eling Price.
USA-North Korea Relations, What Would USA Do to Deal With Problem of North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons?, Policy And Politics International Perspective Paper, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2006
Background Information About USA-North Korea Relations :
North Korea has a centralized government under the rigid control of the communist Korean Workers' Party (KWP), to which all government officials belong. U.S.-North Korea relations developed primarily during the Korean War, but in recent years have been largely defined by the United States' suspicions regarding North Korea's nuclear programs, and North Korea's perception of an imminent U.S. attack. North Korea claims to possess nuclear weapons, and is widely believed to have a substantial arsenal of chemical weapons, deliverable by artillery against South Korea. Different presidents have dealt with North Korea in different ways. Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, the 42nd and 43rd presidents respectively also tried at the beginning of their tenure as president to ignore the brewing problems in North Korea. Their decisions in dealing with North Korea would help to define their early reputations as foreign policy makers. Many similarities can be seen, however, between how Clinton started dealing with North Korea and how Bush started out dealing with North Korea.
Wetoo is a crowd-funding platform supporting students during their academic journey.
Wetoo allows students to start a campaign and invite their friends and family to help and support their goals. Whether it is their birthday, a holiday, or any other significant life event, their friends and family will help them achieve their dreams.
www.wetoo.com.au
US Foreign Policy: A Commemoration Through The YearsEling Price
This mini-project is a comprehensive presentation on US Foreign Policy first beginning in 1899 well unto the millennium era. The assignment is for Professor McFadden History 1023.52 ~ 15 SP. The due date deadline is Friday, May 1, 2015 11:59 pm. The following was prepared by Eling Price.
USA-North Korea Relations, What Would USA Do to Deal With Problem of North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons?, Policy And Politics International Perspective Paper, H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 2006
Background Information About USA-North Korea Relations :
North Korea has a centralized government under the rigid control of the communist Korean Workers' Party (KWP), to which all government officials belong. U.S.-North Korea relations developed primarily during the Korean War, but in recent years have been largely defined by the United States' suspicions regarding North Korea's nuclear programs, and North Korea's perception of an imminent U.S. attack. North Korea claims to possess nuclear weapons, and is widely believed to have a substantial arsenal of chemical weapons, deliverable by artillery against South Korea. Different presidents have dealt with North Korea in different ways. Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, the 42nd and 43rd presidents respectively also tried at the beginning of their tenure as president to ignore the brewing problems in North Korea. Their decisions in dealing with North Korea would help to define their early reputations as foreign policy makers. Many similarities can be seen, however, between how Clinton started dealing with North Korea and how Bush started out dealing with North Korea.
Wetoo is a crowd-funding platform supporting students during their academic journey.
Wetoo allows students to start a campaign and invite their friends and family to help and support their goals. Whether it is their birthday, a holiday, or any other significant life event, their friends and family will help them achieve their dreams.
www.wetoo.com.au
OPS2016 ja ohjelmointi -koulutuksen materiaalia. Pääpaino perusasioiden hahmottamisessa ja alakoulun toiminnalliset ja leikkiin perustuvat harjoitukset sekä visuaalinen koodaus. Mukana Iida-Maria Peltomaa.
Introduction to BladeTec High Volume Low Speed HVLS Fan IndonesiaTawada Cleantech
Introduction for BladeTec High Volume Low Speed HVLS Fans by Tawada CleanTech based in Indonesia. Get to know more about HVLS fan for builders and contractors in Indonesia.
O acompanhante terapêutico (AT) é um recurso potente, frente a situação delicadas e complexas em Saúde Mental, promovendo reintegração do paciente pós internação psiquiátrica, bem como, uma forma de evitar a internação.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
4. +
25.1: Nixon’s Domestic Policy
1. How did Nixon’s personality affect his relationship with his
staff, and his presidency overall?
2.Why was the U.S. vulnerable to OPEC? How did the 1973 oil
embargo affect the U.S.?
3. Describe the first manned moon landing.
Complete chart on top of p. 826
5. +
25.1: Nixon’s Domestic Policy
(pp. 826-831)
Nixon Biography
Born to modest family in California
Lawyer
Member of Congress ‘47-53
Hard on communism, tough on Cold War
Eisenhower’s VP (they didn’t get along real
well)
Lost close election of ’60
Lost gubernatorial election in CA in ‘62
6. +
Nixon in Person
Reserved & remote
Lacked charm & humor
Not a “people person”
Few close friends
Found security w/ his family: wife Pat & two daughters
Enjoyed time away to his estates in FL & CA
Experienced politician
Willing to win at any cost
Anti-East coast, anti-establishment
Believed in strong executive branch
“Imperial presidency”
7. +
Nixon’s Staff
Nixon avoided his Cabinet
Instead relied on his White House staff
Staffers gave extreme loyalty
H R Haldeman (top left)—”I get done what he
wants done and I take the heat instead of him.”
John Ehrlichman (bottom left)—Nixon’s
personal lawyer
The two acted as Nixon’s “Berlin Wall”
Had to pass them before speaking w/ the
President
8. +
Nixon’s Staff
John Mitchell (top right)—
managed Nixon’s presidential
campaign—became Attorney
General
Spoke w/ Nixon multiple
times/day
Henry Kissinger (bottom right)
—former Harvard government
professor—national security
advisor and then Sec. of State
Shaped foreign policy
9. +
Domestic Policy
Vietnam War & domestic
policy were key issues of ‘68
election
In domestic policy, Nixon
broke from JFK & LBJ
As Nixon took office:
Inflation had doubled
between ‘65 & ‘68
Deficit was growing
Unemployment on the rise
1st
priority=halting inflation
Hoped to get gov’t spending
under control
Wanted to avoid price & wage
controls
*See inflation chart on p. 828
10. +
Domestic Policy
During 1st
term, Nixon
struggled to curb spending
Additionally, unemployment &
inflation continued to rise
Nixon was OK w/ deficit
spending; he thought it would
stimulate the economy
Keynesian approach
“I am now a Keynesian in
economics” (1971)
Tried a 90-day freeze on wages, prices, &
rents in ‘71
Tried a 60-day general price freeze in
‘73
Lifted both after pressure from business
world
Inflation soared
John Maynard Keynes,
British economist (1883-1946)
11. +
Oil Crisis
Factors leading U.S. toward
energy crisis in ’70s:
Growing
population=increased need
for energy
Environmental concerns w/
coal
Gas prices had been kept
low w/ gov’t regulations
Oil output in U.S. declined in
’72
When Nixon implemented
price freezes, oil refineries
let supplies run low
When freezes lifted, demand
could not be met
In ’73 Israel went to war w/
Egypt & Syria
U.S. supported its ally, Israel
Arab members of the
Organization of Petroleum
Exporting Countries (OPEC)
responded by banning all oil
trade to U.S.
Embargo lasted from
10/1973 to 3/1974
OPEC quadrupled prices
$3/barrel to $12
Higher prices worsened
inflation
Consumers spent less & a
recession ensued
12.
13. +
Social Programs
Hoped to cut gov’t spending by cutting back or shutting
down social programs
According to Nixon, programs were wasteful & encouraged
“welfare cheaters”
Called for a new partnership between state & federal
governments=“New Federalism”
States would assume greater responsibility for well-being of
citizens
Congress passed a series of bills that granted fed. Funds to state
& local gov’ts
14. +
The “Southern Strategy”
Nixon felt he had little to gain by supporting civil rights
Very few African Americans voted for him in ‘60 & ‘68
Didn’t want to lose white southern voters
Promoted a slowdown in desegregation
Wanted to find the proper “southern strategy” to win over
white southern Democrats
Gained support from Strom Thurmond of S. Carolina
Cut funding to enforcement of fair housing laws
Attempted to end certain provisions of Voting Rights Act in
1970
Openly opposed busing to end segregation in public schools
15. +
Nixon’s Supreme Court
Warren Court of ‘53 to ‘69 had been criticized for
being too liberal & easy on criminals
During Nixon’s 1st
term, 4 of the 9 justices on SC
retired or died
Warren Burger, a conservative, replaced Earl
Warren in 69; served from ‘69 to ‘86
Easily approved by Senate
Appointed 3 other conservative justices:
Harry a. Blackmun; Lewis F. Powell, Jr.;William H.
Rehnquist
16. +
The First Moon Landing
Kennedy promised a man on
the moon by the end of the
‘60s
July 20, 1969—Neil Armstrong
accomplished that mission
“That’s one small step for man,
one giant leap for mankind.”
Watch on TV worldwide
Apollo 11 Crew=Armstrong,
Buzz Aldrin, and Michael
Colins
Aldrin joined Armstrong on 2
hour moon walk
18. +
Nixon’s Foreign Policy
Define: realpolitik, détente, SALT I, ping pong diplomacy
Complete bubble chart on p. 832
Answer following Qs:
What role did Henry Kissinger play in relaxing tensions between
the U.S. & major communist power?
How did Nixon reach an agreement w/ the Soviet Union on
limiting nuclear arms?
19. +
Setting the Scene
Nixon set the tone for a new
direction for foreign policy in
his 1st
inaugural address on
Jan. 20, 1969
He was able to ease Cold War
tensions
Aided by Kissinger he est.
ties w/ China & built better
relations w/ the Soviet Union
20. +
Henry Kissinger
Gained President’s confidence
Appointed Sec. of State in ’73
Helped end U.S. involvement in
Vietnam
Nobel Peace Prize in ‘73
Dominant figure in Nixon
Administration
Talked w/ Nixon daily
Not afraid of tough talk
He & Nixon were both suspicious &
secretive
*Read his bio in the sidebar on p. 833
21. +
Practical Politics
Realpolitik=German term meaning “practical politics”
Making decisions based on maintaining a country’s own
strengths rather than following moral principles
Applied to China & Soviet Union
How does this compare to the policy of containment?
22. +
Kissinger Continued
Ability to use media to shape public
opinion
One of the most popular public
figures of the ‘70s; became a
celebrity
Appeared on 21 Time magazine
covers
Gallup poll in ‘73 made him the
most-admired American
23. +
Relaxing Tensions
Détente=relaxation in tensions
Nixon’s willingness to hold talks w/ China & Soviet Union
shocked many
Nixon had been bitter opponent of Communism in 50s
Bypassing Congress, and sometimes his own advisors, Nixon
& Kissinger reversed the direction of postwar American
foreign policy
Foreign affairs were more complex than a simple standoff
between the U.S. & communism
24. +
Relaxing Tensions
China & the Soviet Union were once allies but had
become enemies
The Communist Party of China denounced the Soviet
variety of Communism
Different interpretations of Marxism
Disagreements between Mao Zedong & Nikita Khrushchev
25. +
A New Approach to China
Since Communist takeover in ‘49, the U.S. had not recognized
the Chinese government
Politically, the U.S. acted as if China did not exist
Instead the U.S. dealt w/ the government of Taiwan
Nixon looked for a way to better relations w/ Communist
China; esp. since China’s relations w/ the Soviet Union had
soured
26. +
A New Approach to China
Nixon’s foreign policy report to Congress in 1970:
“The Chinese are a great and vital people who should not
remain isolated from the international community….U.S.
policy is not likely soon to have much impact on China’s
behavior, let alone its ideological outlook. But it is certainly
in our interest, and in the interest of peace and stability in
Asia and the world, that we take what steps we can toward
improved practical relations with Peking (Beijing).”
27. +
A New Approach to China
Moves designed to improve relations w/ China:
1.Feb. 1970—American & Chinese ambassadors met in Warsaw,
Poland
2. Oct. 1970—Nixon was the first American President to refer to
China by its proper name, the People’s Republic of China
3. March 1971—U.S. gov’t lifted restrictions on travel to China
4. April 1971—An American table-tennis team accepted an
invitation to visit the mainland; “ping-pong diplomacy”
5. June 1971—U.S. ended its 21 year embargo on trade w/ China
6. July 1971—Nixon announced that he planned to travel to
China
28.
29. Kissinger (left) plays ping pong in 2001, marking the 30th
anniversary of “ping pong diplomacy”
30. +
A New Approach to China
Other nations were also officially recognizing the People’s
Republic of China
In October of ’71,Taiwan lost its seat in the United Nations to
the People’s Republic of China
Nixon realized that he could use Chinese friendship in his
dealings w/ the Soviets
Nixon also knew his trip to China would boost his public
support at home
He also thought the trip/friendly relations wouldn’t harm his
political career b/c of his reputation as a strong anti-
Communist
31. +
Nixon Goes to China
Feb. 1972
Met w/ Mao Zedong
Spoke w/ premier Zhou Enlai about international problems
Went to Great Wall & other tourist sites
TV cameras chronicled it all
Basis for diplomatic ties had been established
Most members of Congress & most Americans supported the
trip & Nixon’s efforts in China
32.
33. +
Nixon Goes to the Soviet Union
In ’72, after trip to China,
Nixon went to Moscow
Received a warm welcome
Met w/ Premier Leonid I.
Brezhnev
Several decisions made:
Space exploration, eased
trade limits, & a weapons
pact
34. +
Balancing the Superpowers
Limited Test Ban Treaty of ‘63
had ended above-ground
bomb testing
Arms race continued
Nixon hoped to end nuclear
threat & move away from arms
race
Both U.S. & S.U. had more than
enough weapons to destroy
one another
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
(SALT I)—started in 1969
In ’72, a treaty to limit nuclear
weapons
5 year agreement to freeze
ICBMs & submarine missiles at
‘72 levels
Also included an agreement
restricting missile defense
systems
35. +
Balancing the Superpowers
SALT I was a triumph for the
Nixon administration
Eased concerns of nuclear war
But did not reduce # of
weapons each nation
possessed
Paved the way for future talks
Nixon— “Perhaps for the first time,
the evolving strategic balance allows
a Soviet-American agreement which
yields no unilateral advantages.The
fact that we have begun to discuss
strategic arms with the USSR is in
itself important. Agreement in such a
vital area could create a new
commitment to stability, and
influence attitudes toward other
issues.”