Ghiberti and Brunelleschi entered a competition in 1401 to design bronze doors for the Baptistery of St. John in Florence. Their submissions incorporated classical motifs indicating the emerging Renaissance influence. Ghiberti's panel depicted Isaac kneeling on an acanthus-decorated tomb in classical style, while Brunelleschi included a figure reminiscent of a Roman bronze, conveying more drama. Ghiberti was selected for the commission, creating the "Gates of Paradise" doors that influenced subsequent Renaissance art.
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art, which originated in 15th century Italy in Florence and saw a rebirth of classical Greco-Roman artistic styles and techniques. Key characteristics included a focus on classicism, realism, perspective, and the human figure. Major artists from this period included Brunelleschi, Donatello, Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Raphael. The Renaissance then spread to other parts of Europe, including the development of oil painting techniques in Flanders by artists such as the Van Eyck brothers and Hieronymus Bosch.
The document lists important artists and artworks from the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance. It includes paintings, sculptures, and frescoes by Massacio, Botticelli, Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Dürer, Bosch, Brueghel, Holbein, and Van Eyck that showcase major developments and themes during these periods such as religious subjects, classical influences, and realistic depictions of nature and people.
The document summarizes three eras of Renaissance art:
1) The Early Renaissance in Florence saw advances like Giotto's more realistic frescoes, Ghiberti's depth-illusion doors, and Brunelleschi's dome innovation. Donatello created the first large nude sculpture since antiquity.
2) The High Renaissance was centered in Rome, where Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel and Raphael became a favorite painter of the pope. Leonardo created the famous Last Supper fresco and Mona Lisa.
3) The Northern Renaissance spread ideas to Germany and Flanders through artists like Durer, Holbein, and van Eyck, blending Renaissance techniques
The document discusses art and architecture during the Italian Renaissance period. It notes that Italians greatly valued art and artists during this time. The three main art forms that developed were architecture, sculpture, and painting. Notable Renaissance artists mentioned include Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello, who sculpted the first bronze statue, Lorenzo Ghiberti who made bronze doors, Giotto di Bondone who painted frescoes of St. Francis of Assisi, and Masaccio. The three giants of the High Renaissance highlighted were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Michelangelo's famous works mentioned were David and Pietà.
Most famous paintings of the renaissanceLola García
The document discusses 10 of the most famous paintings from the Renaissance period. It provides context that the Renaissance was a time of rebirth and revival in many areas including art. It then briefly describes each of the 10 paintings, including details like the artist, year created, subject matter, and significance. Some of the most prominent paintings mentioned are the Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci, The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo, and The School of Athens by Raphael.
Renaissance art and architecture differed from the medieval period in several key ways:
1. Renaissance art placed a stronger emphasis on realism, classical influence from Greco-Roman styles, and depicting human emotion and form over religious dogma.
2. Perspective techniques developed, allowing artists to create the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface through techniques like linear perspective and proportion.
3. Individualism was expressed through techniques like portraiture that captured the subject's unique personality and likeness, rather than generic representations.
This document provides an overview of Renaissance art from the 13th to 17th centuries. It describes key developments like the invention of oil paints and linear perspective. Major artists discussed include Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, and northern European masters like Durer and Van Eyck. The text outlines the three periods of the Renaissance - Early, Italian, and Northern - and highlights influential works and artistic advancements during this time of rebirth and revival of classical ideas.
The document summarizes key aspects of Renaissance art in Europe between the 14th and early 16th centuries. It describes the transition from medieval to Renaissance styles with a focus on naturalism and individual artists. Patronage became important. Techniques like sfumato and chiaroscuro were developed. Major subjects included narratives, portraits and landscapes. Artists like Giotto, Donatello, Masaccio, Raphael and Michelangelo advanced techniques of perspective, composition and realism while depicting religious and classical themes.
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art, which originated in 15th century Italy in Florence and saw a rebirth of classical Greco-Roman artistic styles and techniques. Key characteristics included a focus on classicism, realism, perspective, and the human figure. Major artists from this period included Brunelleschi, Donatello, Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Raphael. The Renaissance then spread to other parts of Europe, including the development of oil painting techniques in Flanders by artists such as the Van Eyck brothers and Hieronymus Bosch.
The document lists important artists and artworks from the Italian Renaissance and Northern Renaissance. It includes paintings, sculptures, and frescoes by Massacio, Botticelli, Donatello, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Dürer, Bosch, Brueghel, Holbein, and Van Eyck that showcase major developments and themes during these periods such as religious subjects, classical influences, and realistic depictions of nature and people.
The document summarizes three eras of Renaissance art:
1) The Early Renaissance in Florence saw advances like Giotto's more realistic frescoes, Ghiberti's depth-illusion doors, and Brunelleschi's dome innovation. Donatello created the first large nude sculpture since antiquity.
2) The High Renaissance was centered in Rome, where Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel and Raphael became a favorite painter of the pope. Leonardo created the famous Last Supper fresco and Mona Lisa.
3) The Northern Renaissance spread ideas to Germany and Flanders through artists like Durer, Holbein, and van Eyck, blending Renaissance techniques
The document discusses art and architecture during the Italian Renaissance period. It notes that Italians greatly valued art and artists during this time. The three main art forms that developed were architecture, sculpture, and painting. Notable Renaissance artists mentioned include Filippo Brunelleschi, Donatello, who sculpted the first bronze statue, Lorenzo Ghiberti who made bronze doors, Giotto di Bondone who painted frescoes of St. Francis of Assisi, and Masaccio. The three giants of the High Renaissance highlighted were Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Michelangelo's famous works mentioned were David and Pietà.
Most famous paintings of the renaissanceLola García
The document discusses 10 of the most famous paintings from the Renaissance period. It provides context that the Renaissance was a time of rebirth and revival in many areas including art. It then briefly describes each of the 10 paintings, including details like the artist, year created, subject matter, and significance. Some of the most prominent paintings mentioned are the Mona Lisa by Leonardo Da Vinci, The Creation of Adam by Michelangelo, and The School of Athens by Raphael.
Renaissance art and architecture differed from the medieval period in several key ways:
1. Renaissance art placed a stronger emphasis on realism, classical influence from Greco-Roman styles, and depicting human emotion and form over religious dogma.
2. Perspective techniques developed, allowing artists to create the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface through techniques like linear perspective and proportion.
3. Individualism was expressed through techniques like portraiture that captured the subject's unique personality and likeness, rather than generic representations.
This document provides an overview of Renaissance art from the 13th to 17th centuries. It describes key developments like the invention of oil paints and linear perspective. Major artists discussed include Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli, and northern European masters like Durer and Van Eyck. The text outlines the three periods of the Renaissance - Early, Italian, and Northern - and highlights influential works and artistic advancements during this time of rebirth and revival of classical ideas.
The document summarizes key aspects of Renaissance art in Europe between the 14th and early 16th centuries. It describes the transition from medieval to Renaissance styles with a focus on naturalism and individual artists. Patronage became important. Techniques like sfumato and chiaroscuro were developed. Major subjects included narratives, portraits and landscapes. Artists like Giotto, Donatello, Masaccio, Raphael and Michelangelo advanced techniques of perspective, composition and realism while depicting religious and classical themes.
The Baroque style originated in Rome in the 17th century and later spread across Europe. It rejected some principles of the Renaissance like symmetry and proportion in favor of complex, dramatic forms intended to astonish viewers. Baroque art was often propagandistic, used by the Catholic Church and absolute monarchs to promote their authority. Key characteristics included dynamism, movement, and depicting strong emotions. Major Baroque artists included Bernini in Italy, Rubens in Flanders, Rembrandt in Holland, and Velazquez in Spain, each known for their realistic styles and masterful use of color, light, and composition.
Music and arts of the middle ages and the renaissanceSemper Jamoles
This document provides a timeline and overview of music and arts from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance period from 590-1543 CE. It discusses important developments like Gregorian chants under Pope Gregory I, the building of St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, Guido d'Arezzo's creation of musical notation, the flourishing of polyphony in Europe in 1150, Perotin composing the first four-voice musical work "Viderunt", the completion of Chartres Cathedral, Philippe de Vitry's treatise "Ars Nova" establishing a new musical style, the founding of an Academy of Troubadours in Toulouse in 1323, Guillaume de Machaut and Guill
This document provides an overview of art and patronage during the Italian Renaissance. Wealthy Italian families, such as the Medicis, and the Catholic Church were major patrons who sponsored works from many famous artists. Key developments included increased realism and use of perspective in works by Masaccio and Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo and Raphael also produced famous sculptures and frescoes during this period. Major artworks demonstrated the values of humanism and classicism that were prominent during the Renaissance.
The document compares art from the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. Art in the Middle Ages featured flat, hierarchical compositions and religious themes, while Renaissance art used techniques like perspective to make figures seem more realistic and three-dimensional. Renaissance art also depicted a wider range of subjects like daily life, used color blending more frequently, and was influenced by Italian and Northern styles.
The document discusses key artists of the Early and High Renaissance periods in Italy such as Giotto, Masaccio, Donatello, Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. It describes their innovations in techniques like linear perspective, use of light and shadow, and more realistic human figures. These artists helped establish principles of Renaissance art that focused on naturalism and three-dimensional representations of space.
The document summarizes key aspects of art in the High Renaissance period of the 16th century in Europe. It discusses the mastery of techniques like perspective, accurate human anatomy, and use of light/shadow by Renaissance artists. It profiles influential artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian and describes their major works, materials used, and how they embodied Renaissance ideals like humanism. Their works depicted religious subjects, classical mythology, and portraits in ways that advanced realism through composition and illusionistic techniques.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to give European History/Western Civilization students an introduction to Renaissance art and its key characteristics - especially its projection of humanist and classical themes.
For more instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
This document provides an overview of important works of medieval and Renaissance art, including sculptures, portraits, and religious paintings. It mentions effigies of kings from the 13th century, busts of historical figures from the 5th century BC and 15th century, Gothic sculptures at Chartres Cathedral, Michelangelo's David statue, and famous paintings by artists such as Botticelli, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and others depicting biblical, mythical and historical subjects. The document also references the first known use of linear perspective in the Trinity fresco by Masaccio and da Vinci's innovations with perspective in works like the Last Supper and Adoration of the Magi.
Italian Renaissance art flourished between the 14th and 17th centuries, centered in major city-states like Florence. Notable developments included a focus on classical works, secular topics, and the human form over religious doctrine. Patronage from wealthy families like the Medicis in Florence helped artists gain prestige. Architects drew from Greek and Roman styles to design grand cathedrals and palaces. Sculptors captured idealized human forms in marble works. Painters mastered techniques like perspective and used oils to depict religious scenes, portraits, and landscapes in vivid detail. Major artists included Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and the Venetian school of Titian, Tintoretto
Art History in Renaissance time. feautring Donatello, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botiicelli
This is made for our class reporting,but my professor changed his mind, so maybe it would be of help to others if I share it.
Art Appreciation Topic IV: Renaissance ArtThomas C.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the early 15th century and lasted until the early 17th century. Artists during this period strived for more naturalistic and realistic representations, moving away from symbolic medieval styles. The humanist philosophy of this period emphasized naturalism and the dignity of humanity. Major Italian Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli. Northern Renaissance art also emphasized naturalism through precise detail and mastery of oil painting. Mannerism developed after Raphael as a more complex and elongated style that spread throughout Europe.
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art history between 1400-1600 AD. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy and marked a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman artistic styles with a focus on individualism, linear perspective, and new painting techniques using oil paints. Famous Renaissance artists mentioned include Michelangelo, Donatello, Botticelli, Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci, and their influential works in sculpture, painting, and architecture that advanced realism and humanism through their artistic skills and knowledge of anatomy.
This document provides a brief history of art from classical to modern eras, discussing various artistic movements and influential artists. It then considers different perspectives on how to judge art and its relationship to morality. Some of the views discussed include Plato's view of art as an imitation of reality, Kant's notion of aesthetic judgment, and Tolstoy's view that art should convey understandings and feelings that direct arguments cannot. The document suggests that art can provide new perspectives and representations while being judged based on the artist's moral intentions, the content, and consequences of the work.
This document provides an overview of Renaissance art including key causes, intellectual principles, artists, and techniques. It discusses how the end of feudalism, rise of city-states in Italy, and the printing press contributed to the causes of the Renaissance. Some of the major artists mentioned are Botticelli, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bosch, along with some of their most famous works. The document also outlines techniques used in Renaissance art like realism, linear perspective, sfumato, and chiaroscuro.
The document discusses the Italian Early Renaissance, which occurred in Florence from 1400-1479. It was a period of rebirth fueled by a return to learning based on classical Greek and Roman texts. Artists such as Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Masaccio, and Donatello pioneered techniques like linear perspective and created highly realistic works that captured human emotion, moving art toward naturalism.
The document provides an overview of the Early Renaissance period in Italy from 1400-1490. It summarizes the rise of prominent city-states like Florence and key families that sponsored the arts, such as the Medicis. Major artists that emerged during this time are also profiled, including painters like Masaccio, Botticelli, and Ghirlandaio who pioneered techniques like linear perspective. Contemporary architects like Brunelleschi and Alberti are highlighted for their classical designs of buildings and structures. Leading sculptors of the era included Ghiberti, Donatello, and Verrocchio, who drew inspiration from Roman and Greek works.
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art between 1400-1600 AD. It began in Italian city-states and reflected classical art from Rome and Greece. This era saw advances in literature, science, and architecture with famous authors like Shakespeare and poets like Walter Ralegh. Scientists made discoveries in fields like botany, zoology, and astronomy. Architecture featured classical columns and domes. Famous Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci, who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, Raphael, known for his Madonna paintings and Michelangelo, who spent years painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
The document provides an overview of classical, medieval, and Renaissance art, comparing their key characteristics and examples. It discusses disproportionate figures and lack of perspective in medieval art compared to ancient Greek and Roman works. It then outlines the transition to Renaissance art starting with Giotto in the late 13th century, who was one of the first since the Greeks to understand 3D space on a 2D surface. The document concludes with examples of major Renaissance artworks by artists such as Botticelli, Mantegna, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo.
In 15th century Italy, a new artistic culture emerged under the influence of humanism. In Florence, artists were influenced by ancient Greece and Rome as well as science and math, creating works that reflected these ideals. Donatello was a leading early Renaissance sculptor who created realistic works like the bronze David that broke from Gothic styles. Luca della Robbia pioneered glazed ceramic sculptures that brought bright color to religious works. Their contemporary, Brunelleschi, designed Neoclassical buildings like the Hospital of the Innocents in Florence.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the late Middle Ages and spread to the rest of Europe by the 16th century. It was characterized by a revival of interest in classical learning and values. Several Italian city-states, like Florence, Rome, Venice, and Milan, became centers of the Renaissance and saw cultural and artistic flourishing due to wealth accumulated through trade and banking. Renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael produced famous works that defined the era. The widespread use of the printing press also helped spread Renaissance ideas across Europe.
The Renaissance began in Italy between 1400-1600 and saw a revival of art, architecture, and learning that was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman forms and ideals. Key characteristics included more realistic and lifelike depictions of figures and use of perspective. Famous early Renaissance artists included Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo. The invention of the printing press in 1450 helped spread Renaissance ideas more widely. Renaissance architecture featured more symmetrical designs and classical orders of columns while painting placed more emphasis on realism, nature, and secular subjects over religious ones alone.
The Baroque style originated in Rome in the 17th century and later spread across Europe. It rejected some principles of the Renaissance like symmetry and proportion in favor of complex, dramatic forms intended to astonish viewers. Baroque art was often propagandistic, used by the Catholic Church and absolute monarchs to promote their authority. Key characteristics included dynamism, movement, and depicting strong emotions. Major Baroque artists included Bernini in Italy, Rubens in Flanders, Rembrandt in Holland, and Velazquez in Spain, each known for their realistic styles and masterful use of color, light, and composition.
Music and arts of the middle ages and the renaissanceSemper Jamoles
This document provides a timeline and overview of music and arts from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance period from 590-1543 CE. It discusses important developments like Gregorian chants under Pope Gregory I, the building of St. Mark's Basilica in Venice, Guido d'Arezzo's creation of musical notation, the flourishing of polyphony in Europe in 1150, Perotin composing the first four-voice musical work "Viderunt", the completion of Chartres Cathedral, Philippe de Vitry's treatise "Ars Nova" establishing a new musical style, the founding of an Academy of Troubadours in Toulouse in 1323, Guillaume de Machaut and Guill
This document provides an overview of art and patronage during the Italian Renaissance. Wealthy Italian families, such as the Medicis, and the Catholic Church were major patrons who sponsored works from many famous artists. Key developments included increased realism and use of perspective in works by Masaccio and Leonardo da Vinci. Michelangelo and Raphael also produced famous sculptures and frescoes during this period. Major artworks demonstrated the values of humanism and classicism that were prominent during the Renaissance.
The document compares art from the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods. Art in the Middle Ages featured flat, hierarchical compositions and religious themes, while Renaissance art used techniques like perspective to make figures seem more realistic and three-dimensional. Renaissance art also depicted a wider range of subjects like daily life, used color blending more frequently, and was influenced by Italian and Northern styles.
The document discusses key artists of the Early and High Renaissance periods in Italy such as Giotto, Masaccio, Donatello, Botticelli, da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo, and Titian. It describes their innovations in techniques like linear perspective, use of light and shadow, and more realistic human figures. These artists helped establish principles of Renaissance art that focused on naturalism and three-dimensional representations of space.
The document summarizes key aspects of art in the High Renaissance period of the 16th century in Europe. It discusses the mastery of techniques like perspective, accurate human anatomy, and use of light/shadow by Renaissance artists. It profiles influential artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Titian and describes their major works, materials used, and how they embodied Renaissance ideals like humanism. Their works depicted religious subjects, classical mythology, and portraits in ways that advanced realism through composition and illusionistic techniques.
This PowerPoint presentation was created to give European History/Western Civilization students an introduction to Renaissance art and its key characteristics - especially its projection of humanist and classical themes.
For more instructional materials, visit www.tomrichey.net!
This document provides an overview of important works of medieval and Renaissance art, including sculptures, portraits, and religious paintings. It mentions effigies of kings from the 13th century, busts of historical figures from the 5th century BC and 15th century, Gothic sculptures at Chartres Cathedral, Michelangelo's David statue, and famous paintings by artists such as Botticelli, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and others depicting biblical, mythical and historical subjects. The document also references the first known use of linear perspective in the Trinity fresco by Masaccio and da Vinci's innovations with perspective in works like the Last Supper and Adoration of the Magi.
Italian Renaissance art flourished between the 14th and 17th centuries, centered in major city-states like Florence. Notable developments included a focus on classical works, secular topics, and the human form over religious doctrine. Patronage from wealthy families like the Medicis in Florence helped artists gain prestige. Architects drew from Greek and Roman styles to design grand cathedrals and palaces. Sculptors captured idealized human forms in marble works. Painters mastered techniques like perspective and used oils to depict religious scenes, portraits, and landscapes in vivid detail. Major artists included Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and the Venetian school of Titian, Tintoretto
Art History in Renaissance time. feautring Donatello, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botiicelli
This is made for our class reporting,but my professor changed his mind, so maybe it would be of help to others if I share it.
Art Appreciation Topic IV: Renaissance ArtThomas C.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the early 15th century and lasted until the early 17th century. Artists during this period strived for more naturalistic and realistic representations, moving away from symbolic medieval styles. The humanist philosophy of this period emphasized naturalism and the dignity of humanity. Major Italian Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Botticelli. Northern Renaissance art also emphasized naturalism through precise detail and mastery of oil painting. Mannerism developed after Raphael as a more complex and elongated style that spread throughout Europe.
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art history between 1400-1600 AD. It discusses how the Renaissance began in Italy and marked a rebirth of classical Greek and Roman artistic styles with a focus on individualism, linear perspective, and new painting techniques using oil paints. Famous Renaissance artists mentioned include Michelangelo, Donatello, Botticelli, Raphael, Leonardo Da Vinci, and their influential works in sculpture, painting, and architecture that advanced realism and humanism through their artistic skills and knowledge of anatomy.
This document provides a brief history of art from classical to modern eras, discussing various artistic movements and influential artists. It then considers different perspectives on how to judge art and its relationship to morality. Some of the views discussed include Plato's view of art as an imitation of reality, Kant's notion of aesthetic judgment, and Tolstoy's view that art should convey understandings and feelings that direct arguments cannot. The document suggests that art can provide new perspectives and representations while being judged based on the artist's moral intentions, the content, and consequences of the work.
This document provides an overview of Renaissance art including key causes, intellectual principles, artists, and techniques. It discusses how the end of feudalism, rise of city-states in Italy, and the printing press contributed to the causes of the Renaissance. Some of the major artists mentioned are Botticelli, da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Bosch, along with some of their most famous works. The document also outlines techniques used in Renaissance art like realism, linear perspective, sfumato, and chiaroscuro.
The document discusses the Italian Early Renaissance, which occurred in Florence from 1400-1479. It was a period of rebirth fueled by a return to learning based on classical Greek and Roman texts. Artists such as Lorenzo Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, Masaccio, and Donatello pioneered techniques like linear perspective and created highly realistic works that captured human emotion, moving art toward naturalism.
The document provides an overview of the Early Renaissance period in Italy from 1400-1490. It summarizes the rise of prominent city-states like Florence and key families that sponsored the arts, such as the Medicis. Major artists that emerged during this time are also profiled, including painters like Masaccio, Botticelli, and Ghirlandaio who pioneered techniques like linear perspective. Contemporary architects like Brunelleschi and Alberti are highlighted for their classical designs of buildings and structures. Leading sculptors of the era included Ghiberti, Donatello, and Verrocchio, who drew inspiration from Roman and Greek works.
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art between 1400-1600 AD. It began in Italian city-states and reflected classical art from Rome and Greece. This era saw advances in literature, science, and architecture with famous authors like Shakespeare and poets like Walter Ralegh. Scientists made discoveries in fields like botany, zoology, and astronomy. Architecture featured classical columns and domes. Famous Renaissance artists included Leonardo da Vinci, who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper, Raphael, known for his Madonna paintings and Michelangelo, who spent years painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
The document provides an overview of classical, medieval, and Renaissance art, comparing their key characteristics and examples. It discusses disproportionate figures and lack of perspective in medieval art compared to ancient Greek and Roman works. It then outlines the transition to Renaissance art starting with Giotto in the late 13th century, who was one of the first since the Greeks to understand 3D space on a 2D surface. The document concludes with examples of major Renaissance artworks by artists such as Botticelli, Mantegna, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo.
In 15th century Italy, a new artistic culture emerged under the influence of humanism. In Florence, artists were influenced by ancient Greece and Rome as well as science and math, creating works that reflected these ideals. Donatello was a leading early Renaissance sculptor who created realistic works like the bronze David that broke from Gothic styles. Luca della Robbia pioneered glazed ceramic sculptures that brought bright color to religious works. Their contemporary, Brunelleschi, designed Neoclassical buildings like the Hospital of the Innocents in Florence.
The Renaissance began in Italy in the late Middle Ages and spread to the rest of Europe by the 16th century. It was characterized by a revival of interest in classical learning and values. Several Italian city-states, like Florence, Rome, Venice, and Milan, became centers of the Renaissance and saw cultural and artistic flourishing due to wealth accumulated through trade and banking. Renowned artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael produced famous works that defined the era. The widespread use of the printing press also helped spread Renaissance ideas across Europe.
The Renaissance began in Italy between 1400-1600 and saw a revival of art, architecture, and learning that was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman forms and ideals. Key characteristics included more realistic and lifelike depictions of figures and use of perspective. Famous early Renaissance artists included Botticelli, Leonardo da Vinci, and Michelangelo. The invention of the printing press in 1450 helped spread Renaissance ideas more widely. Renaissance architecture featured more symmetrical designs and classical orders of columns while painting placed more emphasis on realism, nature, and secular subjects over religious ones alone.
This document provides an agenda and materials for a lesson on the science and literature of the Renaissance. It includes objectives to explain the political, artistic, intellectual, and religious impact of the Renaissance. It lists topics and videos to be covered, including Galileo's experiments, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and a video demonstrating Galileo's experiment dropping objects of different masses. Students will participate in a RAFTS writing activity from the perspective of different roles to explain scientific discoveries in Italy to an audience and how they might benefit France. An exit ticket asks students to analyze a quote from Machiavelli using evidence from the selection to discuss how it supports the concept of "the end justifies the means."
This document discusses science and technology during the Renaissance period. Key developments included advances in astronomy through Copernicus placing the sun at the center of the solar system and Kepler's laws of planetary motion. Medicine advanced through the work of Vesalius on anatomy and Harvey's description of blood circulation. Major scientific figures were Galileo, who made important astronomical observations with his telescope, Descartes, who pioneered analytical geometry, and Leonardo Da Vinci, who made contributions across many fields. The Renaissance saw many important technological inventions and was a period of growth in scientific thinking.
Francis Petrarch was an Italian scholar, poet, and humanist born in 1304 in Arezzo, Italy. He studied in Montpellier and Bologna where he took an interest in writing, Latin literature, and law. In 1341, he was invited to Rome where he was crowned as poet laureate, and he wrote hundreds of sonnets and poems, two of his most famous being "Trionfi" and "Canzoniere". He was inspired by his unrequited love for Laura, a woman he met in 1327, and sought to capture human emotion in his works. Petrarch died in 1374 in Arqua, leaving behind a significant influence on literature
The document summarizes key aspects of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in 3 pages. It describes 3 conditions in Italy that gave rise to the Renaissance: thriving cities, a wealthy merchant class, and the classical heritage of Greece and Rome. It then discusses the origins and spread of Martin Luther's Protestant teachings in Germany in the 1510s-1520s, sparking the larger Reformation movement, and how this religious revolt impacted England under King Henry VIII.
The document provides an overview of the European Renaissance period from approximately 1350-1600 AD. It began as a rebirth of interest in classical Greek and Roman art, literature, and philosophy after centuries of poverty and decline during the Middle Ages. This new humanist worldview valued individualism and embraced rational thought. In Italy, the Renaissance was centered in cities like Florence, Rome, and Venice, where new wealth, contact with Byzantine scholars, and ruins of ancient Rome inspired artistic and intellectual developments. Figures like Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo produced masterworks that reflected the period's emphasis on realism, anatomy, and classical ideals. Machiavelli also wrote The Prince during this time, which influenced modern
The Renaissance movement originated in Italy between the 14th and 17th centuries and emphasized rebirth of classical antiquity. Key artists included Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, Botticelli, Raphael, and Michelangelo. The Italian Renaissance was notable for reviving classical Greek/Roman styles, embracing humanism, developing techniques like linear perspective, and making artwork more realistic.
The English Renaissance spanned from 1485 to 1625 and was inspired by ancient Greek and Roman arts and scholarship. This period saw major figures like Dante, Petrarch, da Vinci, Luther, and Erasmus. In England, the Tudor dynasty ruled from 1485 to 1603 with monarchs like Henry VIII, Mary I, and Elizabeth I. Elizabeth I was one of England's ablest monarchs and presided over a flourishing of English literature and drama including works by Shakespeare, Spenser, Marlowe, and Raleigh. During this time, plays were categorized as either tragedies involving a hero's downfall or comedies with a humorous situation resolved happily.
Este documento resume la vida y obra del poeta italiano Dante Alighieri. Nació en Florencia en 1265 y murió en 1321. Su obra maestra fue La Divina Comedia, escrita entre 1304 y 1321, la cual es una epopeya alegórica dividida en Infierno, Purgatorio y Paraíso donde Dante realiza un viaje simbólico guiado por Virgilio y Beatriz. La Divina Comedia es considerada una de las obras literarias más importantes de la literatura italiana y mundial.
Dante Alighieri fue un poeta italiano conocido como el "Poeta Supremo". Su obra maestra La Divina Comedia es considerada una de las obras cumbre de la literatura universal. Dante vivió en Florencia donde tuvo una carrera política hasta que fue condenado al exilio de por vida en 1302. Murió en 1321 trabajando en su obra maestra.
The document provides an overview of the Italian Renaissance between 1350-1600. It describes the Renaissance as a period of cultural change and achievement that began in Italy and later spread to the rest of Europe. Some key points:
1) The Black Plague and political instability in the 14th century led to a recovery and rebirth of interest in classical antiquity which influenced politics, art, and humanism.
2) Italian city-states like Milan, Venice, and Florence prospered economically and played important political roles, lacking a strong central ruler.
3) Humanism emerged, based on the study of classical Greek and Roman works, which emphasized intellect, civic involvement, and the individual.
Characteristic of Renaissance Literaturevalajyotsna
This document provides information about a presentation on the characteristics of Renaissance Literature. It was presented by Vala Jyotsna T. for her M.A. Part 1 class. Some key characteristics discussed include the Renaissance originating in Italy and meaning rebirth or revival of Greek learning and art. The influence of the Renaissance spread to other parts of Europe in the 14th century. The Elizabethan age saw a rebirth of classical learning and literature in England. Some characteristics of Renaissance literature during this time included translations of Greek and Roman classics, a rise in patriotism, literary innovations by writers like Spenser and Marlowe, the influence of the Reformation, drama becoming a popular form of entertainment, and a spirit of adventure.
Dante Alighieri was an Italian poet born in 1265 in Florence, Italy. He is most famous for writing The Divine Comedy between 1307-1321, an allegorical poem about man's journey to God divided into Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. As a young man in Florence, Dante fell in love with Beatrice Portinari after meeting her in 1274, and she became his muse. Though she married another, Beatrice died in 1290 at age 24; Dante immortalized his love for her in his poems as representing divine love and virtues.
Gutenberg's printing press revolutionized the spread of knowledge in Europe. Before its invention, books were rare and expensive since they had to be copied by hand. Only the wealthy could afford books, and the Bible was the primary text available. Gutenberg invented the printing press in the 1400s, which allowed texts to be mass produced using movable metal type. His first printed book was the Gutenberg Bible. The printing press had a profound influence, making knowledge widely accessible for the first time. It helped launch the Protestant Reformation and the Scientific Revolution by distributing information to the masses.
During the Renaissance, art was commissioned by powerful groups and individuals to glorify themselves and promote particular religious doctrines. Subject matter became more secular over time, depicting myths and portraits that displayed wealth and physical uniqueness. Artists gained more social status and signed their works, seeing themselves as divine creators on par with God. The culture of the Renaissance mainly affected the educated elite and mercantile class.
1) The Scientific Revolution developed during the Renaissance as scientists began questioning traditional beliefs about the natural world that were based on Aristotle and the Bible.
2) Scientists like Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton challenged the geocentric model of the universe and developed the heliocentric model through observations and experiments.
3) Their work established the foundations of the modern scientific method of using experimentation and evidence rather than past authorities to understand the natural world.
The document summarizes key features of the Renaissance period between the 14th and 17th centuries in Europe. It began in Italy and comes from the French word for "rebirth." Major developments included the printing press which spread new ideas, humanism which emphasized human potential and secular concerns, the Renaissance Man with broad interests in science and arts, Christopher Columbus' discovery of the Americas in 1492, the Protestant Reformation which sought to reform the Catholic Church, and Copernicus' theory in 1543 that displaced Earth from the center of the universe.
Renaissance art developed in 15th century Italy and spread across Europe in the 15th-16th centuries. It was inspired by antiquity, rejecting Gothic styles, and focused on naturalism, ideal beauty, and humanism. Major art centers included Florence under the Medicis and Rome under the popes. Famous Renaissance artists like Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, and Titian produced influential works in sculpture, painting, and architecture that emphasized harmony, proportion, and perspective.
Michelangelo undertook painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel during the High Renaissance, depicting scenes from Genesis including God's creation of Earth and man. The frescoes combined Catholic and classical elements, showing the religious motivations of patron Pope Julius II while also representing the humanist interests of the period through figures and architecture. As a religious leader, Julius II would be interested in including tenets of the Catholic church, and other elements like pagan symbols represented the humanist values prominent during the Renaissance.
This document provides an overview of art in Italy during the 13th and 14th centuries, a transitional period between the medieval and Renaissance eras known as the Proto-Renaissance. It discusses how artists in Florence and Siena, such as Giotto, Duccio, and the Lorenzetti brothers, began moving away from Byzantine conventions towards more naturalistic depictions of space, light, and the human form. While figures were still rendered in a somewhat stylized manner, these artists incorporated elements of realism that would later be expanded on during the Renaissance. The document also notes how this period was marked by the Black Death pandemic and growth of city-states and republics in places like Florence and Sien
The Renaissance began in Italy in the late 13th century and lasted until the 16th century. It was characterized by a revival of classical learning and values. Key developments included an emphasis on realism and humanism in art and literature, influenced by a rediscovery of classical philosophy and science. Major artistic innovations included the development of linear perspective, foreshortening, and shading techniques like sfumato and chiaroscuro. Major artistic centers included Florence, Venice, Rome, and the Flemish cities during the 15th-16th centuries. Key periods were the Early Renaissance, Northern Renaissance, and High Renaissance, exemplified by the works of artists like Giotto, Botticelli, da Vinci, Michel
The document provides background information on two early Italian Renaissance artists, Cimabue and Giotto. It discusses Cimabue's role as a pioneer of naturalism in painting who began moving away from Byzantine styles. While few of Cimabue's works can be confirmed, tradition attributes several significant works to him. It then introduces Giotto as Cimabue's pupil who surpassed his master and is seen as the founder of Western painting, breaking from stylization through realistic depictions and a sense of space. Giotto had immense influence on later Florentine painting and inspired artists like Masaccio and Michelangelo.
The document discusses Duccio di Buoninsegna's Maestà altarpiece created for the cathedral in Siena in 1308. It describes how Siena used funds from defeating Florence at the Battle of Montaperti to construct governmental and religious buildings, including hiring Duccio to create the large polyptych altarpiece. The altarpiece consisted of 55 framed panels depicting scenes from the lives of Mary and Jesus. It came to be seen as a symbol of Siena's patron saint Mary and a way for the people to pray for the city's well-being.
Renaissance Art and Mannerism by Stephen GomezStephen Gomez
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KCC Art 211 Ch 16 Renaissance, Mannerism, BaroqueKelly Parker
This document provides an overview of key figures and developments during the Italian Renaissance and Baroque periods in Europe. It summarizes the artistic innovations of early Renaissance artists like Giotto, Brunelleschi, Masaccio, Piero della Francesca, and Donatello. It also discusses the patronage of the Medici family in Florence and their support of artists including Michelangelo, da Vinci, and Raphael. Key points about da Vinci's paintings, drawings, and notebooks are summarized at the end.
The document discusses names from the Renaissance period and how they have become ingrained in modern culture. It notes that while names like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Donatello are well known, they only scratch the surface of the many artists from this time period. The Renaissance saw a shift from religious-focused art to a more human perspective as sciences grew and knowledge of anatomy expanded. This helped shape new artistic trends.
The document summarizes changes in art during the Renaissance period. It discusses how art shifted from focusing solely on religious subjects to including depictions of classical gods, heroes, and the natural world. Artists developed techniques like perspective to make their works more realistic. Renaissance art originated in Italy and was inspired by classical Greek and Roman models. It spread across Europe in the 16th century, taking on regional styles in places like Flanders, France, Germany, and Spain. Key artists and their works from each period and region are mentioned.
The presentation talks about Art during the Renaissance Period. It includes background of Art during this time, the famous artists and some of their works.
This is made for my Humanities Class.
The document provides an overview of major periods and developments in Italian Renaissance art from the 14th to 16th centuries. It begins with precursors like Giotto in the 14th century who moved away from stiff Byzantine styles towards more realistic figures and emotions. Major 15th century Early Renaissance artists mentioned include Brunelleschi, Donatello, Masaccio and Botticelli who revived classical ideals. The High Renaissance of the late 15th-early 16th centuries saw masters like Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael and Titian mastering techniques like perspective and human form. Mannerism in the mid-late 16th century featured elongated figures and asymmetrical compositions by artists such as Pontormo,
Creative Industries 1: updated 6 renaissance 1- humanism or early renaissanceElisa Raho
The document summarizes developments in art and architecture during the Early Renaissance period in Italy. It discusses how humanism fostered new interest in antiquity and individualism, leading to artistic innovations like Lorenzo Ghiberti winning a competition to design the "Gates of Paradise" doors and Filippo Brunelleschi's dome for Florence Cathedral. Key artists mentioned include Masaccio, who pioneered 3D realism and linear perspective, Donatello, and Fra Angelico. Architecture developed classical proportions and orders under Brunelleschi and Alberti.
Physical Description Of The Piazza Del Campo In Siena, ItalyAmy Moore
The document provides a physical description of the Piazza del Campo in Siena, Italy. It describes the piazza as being located at the center of Siena and influenced by Gothic, Romanesque, and Renaissance architectural styles. The piazza demonstrated advances in medieval piazza design by incorporating different materials and design elements while maintaining the original style. It acted as a precedent for art, architecture, and town planning.
The prayer requests guidance and blessings for students, teachers, and the school administrator. It thanks God for continuous blessings and asks for strength, talent, and wisdom to accomplish tasks for the day. It is said in Jesus' name and concludes with "Amen."
The document provides an overview of Renaissance art from the 14th to 17th centuries in Europe. It discusses key characteristics of Renaissance art including a focus on nature, humanism, and individualism. It outlines the major time periods of Renaissance art - Proto-Renaissance, Early Renaissance, High Renaissance, Late Renaissance/Mannerism. It provides examples of major works of painting, sculpture, and architecture from each period and artists like da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Brunelleschi. Baroque art of the 17th century is then briefly defined as using complex forms, bold ornamentation, and conveying drama/movement. Influences and characteristics of Baroque art are also summarized.
Here are the identifications of the artworks with the corresponding artist:
1. Mona Lisa - Leonardo da Vinci
2. The Last Supper - Leonardo da Vinci
3. The Vitruvian Man - Leonardo da Vinci
4. The Adoration of Magi - Leonardo da Vinci
5. Virgin of the Rocks - Leonardo da Vinci
6. The Sistine Madonna - Raphael
7. The School of Athens - Raphael
8. The Transfiguration - Raphael
9. David - Donatello
10. Statue of St. George - Donatello
11. Equestrian Monument of G
Here are the identifications of the artworks with the corresponding artist:
1. Mona Lisa - Leonardo da Vinci
2. The Last Supper - Leonardo da Vinci
3. The Vitruvian Man - Leonardo da Vinci
4. The Adoration of Magi - Leonardo da Vinci
5. Virgin of the Rocks - Leonardo da Vinci
6. The Sistine Madonna - Raphael
7. The School of Athens - Raphael
8. The Transfiguration - Raphael
9. David - Donatello
10. Statue of St. George - Donatello
11. Equestrian Monument of G
The document provides information about arts of the Renaissance period from 1400-1600. It discusses three famous Renaissance artists - Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Raphael - and some of their most famous works. Michelangelo's works discussed include the Pieta, David, Bacchus, Dying Slave, Dawn, and Dusk sculptures. Leonardo da Vinci's works mentioned are The Last Supper mural, Mona Lisa painting, Vitruvian Man drawing, and Virgin of the Rocks painting. Raphael's works highlighted are The Sistine Madonna painting and The School of Athens fresco. The document also briefly covers the early Renaissance sculptor Donatello and some of
The 14th century in Italy saw the beginnings of major changes that would define the Renaissance period. In cities like Florence and Siena, there was a shift away from Byzantine styles towards more naturalistic and observation-based representations influenced by classical examples. Artists like Cimabue and Giotto led this movement with more three-dimensional figural styles. In Siena, painters such as Duccio and Lorenzetti also advanced realism through emotional expression and convincing spatial illusions in their works. This period established many principles that would underpin Renaissance humanism, education, and the study of antiquity.
Similar to ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART presentation (20)
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1. PRESENTATION OF
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE ART
COURSE TITLE
HISTORY OF ART AND DESIGN
Module code: HAD-111
SUBMITTED TO : Ms. Shamshed Chowdhury
Lecturer Department of AMMT & FDT
Submission Date :- 15/102015
2. SUBMITTED BY :
24TH BATCH ,GROUP “H”
Name ID
Ashraful Amin Shakil 151051048
Koushik Sarker 151051049
SH Sahim Hasan 151051053
Kawsar Omi 151051046
Rassel 151051039
5. MASACCIO, THE TRIBUTE MONEY FOR THE BRANCACCI, A FRESCO CYCLE THAT HAD
GREAT INFLUENCE UPON SUBSEQUENT ARTISTS
Influences :
Domenico Ghirlandaio, The Birth of the Virgin Mary, shows the introduction of patron's families into religious cycles.
Main article: Renaissance
Main article: Renaissance architecture
The influences upon the development of Renaissance painting Literature, Architecturin Italy are those that also affected
Philosophy, e, Theology, Science, Government and other aspects of society. The following is a summary of points dealt with
more fully in the main articles that are cited above.
6. Philosophy
A number of Classical texts, that had been lost to Western European scholars for
centuries, became available. These included Philosophy, Poetry, Drama, Science, a
thesis on the Arts and Early Christian Theology. The resulting interest in Humanist
philosophy meant that man's relationship with humanity, the universe and with God
was no longer the exclusive province of the Church.
Science and technology
Simultaneous with gaining access to the Classical texts, Europe gained access to
advanced mathematics which had its provenance in the works of Byzantine and
Islamic scholars.
Society
The establishment of the Medici Bank and the subsequent trade it generated
brought unprecedented wealth to a single Italian city, Florence. Cosimo de' Medici
set a new standard for patronage of the arts, not associated with the church or
monarchy. The serendipitous presence within the region of Florence of certain
individuals of artistic genius, most notably Giotto, Masaccio, Brunelleschi, Piero
della Francesca, Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, formed an ethos that
supported and encouraged many lesser artists to achieve work of extraordinary
quality.
7. Paolo Uccello, The Battle of San Romano, demonstrates the preoccupation with the development
of linear perspective, in a secular subject
8. Themes
“
Sandro Botticelli, Primavera, showing a Classical allegory for a private patron
Much painting of the Renaissance period was commissioned by or for the Catholic Church.
These works were often of large scale and were frequently cycles painted in fresco of the
Life of Christ, the Life of the Virgin or the life of a saint, particularly St. Francis of Assisi.
There were also many allegorical paintings on the theme of Salvation and the role of the
Church in attaining it. Churches also commissioned altarpieces, which were painted in
tempera on panal and later in oil on canvas. Apart from large altarpieces, small devotional
pictures were produced in very large numbers, both for churches and for private individuals,
the most common theme being the Madonna and Child.
10. Traditions of 13th-century Tuscan painting
The art of the region of Tuscany in the late 13th century was dominated by two
masters of the Byzantine style, Cimabue of Florence and Duccio of Siena. Their
commissions were mostly religious paintings, several of them being very large
altarpieces showing the Madonna and Child. These two painters, with their contIn
these tempera paintings many of the details were rigidly fixed by the subject matter,
the precise position of the hands of the Madonna and Christ Child, for example,
being dictated by the nature of the blessing that the painting invoked upon the
viewer. The angle of the Virgin's head and shoulders, the folds in her veil, and the
lines with which her features were defined had all been repeated in countless such
paintings. Cimabue and Duccio took steps in the direction of greater naturalism, as
did their contemporary, Pietro Cavallini of Rome.[2]emporaries, Guido of Siena,
Coppo di Marcovaldo and the mysterious painter upon whose style the school may
have been based, the so-called Master of St Bernardino, all worked in a manner that
was highly formalised and dependent upon the ancient tradition of icon painting.
12. GIOTTO, (1266–1337), BY TRADITION A SHEPHERD BOY FROM THE HILLS NORTH
OF FLORENCE, BECAME CIMABUE'S APPRENTICE AND EMERGED AS THE MOST
OUTSTANDING PAINTER OF HIS TIME.GIOTTO, POSSIBLY INFLUENCED BY
PIETRO CAVALLINI AND OTHER ROMAN PAINTERS, DID NOT BASE THE FIGURES
HE PAINTED UPON ANY PAINTERLY TRADITION, BUT UPON THE OBSERVATION
OF LIFE. UNLIKE THOSE OF HIS BYZANTINE CONTEMPORARIES, GIOTTO'S
FIGURES ARE SOLIDLY THREE-DIMENSIONAL; THEY STAND SQUARELY ON THE
GROUND, HAVE DISCERNIBLE ANATOMY AND ARE CLOTHED IN GARMENTS
WITH WEIGHT AND STRUCTURE. BUT MORE THAN ANYTHING, WHAT SET
GIOTTO'S FIGURES APART FROM THOSE OF HIS CONTEMPORARIES ARE THEIR
EMOTIONS. IN THE FACES OF GIOTTO'S FIGURES ARE JOY, RAGE, DESPAIR,
SHAME, SPITE AND LOVE. THE CYCLE OF FRESCOES OF THE LIFE OF CHRIST
AND THE LIFE OF THE VIRGIN THAT HE PAINTED IN THE SCROVEGNI CHAPEL IN
PADUA SET A NEW STANDARD FOR NARRATIVE PICTURES. HIS OGNISSANTI
MADONNA HANGS IN THE UFFIZI GALLERY, FLORENCE, IN THE SAME ROOM AS
CIMABUE'S SANTA TRINITA MADONNA AND DUCCIO'S RUCCELLAI MADONNA
WHERE THE STYLISTIC COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE THREE CAN EASILY BE
MADE. ONE OF THE FEATURES APPARENT IN GIOTTO'S WORK IS HIS
OBSERVATION OF NATURALISTIC PERSPECTIVE. HE IS REGARDED AS THE
HERALD OF THE RENAISSANCE.
14. Giotto's contemporaries
Giotto had a number of contemporaries who were either trained and
influenced by him, or whose observation of nature had led them in a
similar direction. Although several of Giotto's pupils assimilated the
direction that his work had taken, none was to become as successful
as he. Taddeo Gaddi achieved the first large painting of a night
scene in an Annunciation to the Shepherds in the Baroncelli Chapel
of the Church of Santa Croce, Florence.
The paintings in the Upper Church of the Basilica of St. Francis,
Assisi, are examples of naturalistic painting of the period, often
ascribed to Giotto himself, but more probably the work of artists
surrounding Pietro Cavallini.A late painting by Cimabue in the
Lower Church at Assisi, of the Madonna and St. Francis, also
clearly shows greater naturalism than his panel paintings and the
remains of his earlier frescoes in the upper church.
15. .
Simone Martini: The Annunciation, 1333, Uffizi, is International Gothic in style.
International Gothic
16. During the later 14th century, International Gothic was the style that dominated
Tuscan painting. It can be seen to an extent in the work of Pietro and Ambrogio
Lorenzetti, which is marked by a formalized sweetness and grace in the figures, and
Late Gothic gracefulness in the draperies. The style is fully developed in the works of
Simone Martini and Gentile da Fabriano, which have an elegance and a richness of
detail, and an idealised quality not compatible with the starker realities of Giotto's
paintings.
In the early 15th century, bridging the gap between International Gothic and the
Renaissance are the paintings of Fra Angelico, many of which, being altarpieces in
tempera, show the Gothic love of elaboration, gold leaf and brilliant colour. It is in his
frescoes at his convent of Sant' Marco that Fra Angelico shows himself the artistic
disciple of Giotto. These devotional paintings, which adorn the cells and corridors
inhabited by the friars, represent episodes from the life of Jesus, many of them being
scenes of the Crucifixion. They are starkly simple, restrained in colour and intense in
mood as the artist sought to make spiritual revelations a visual reality.
17. Ghiberti: competition entry for the Baptistry
Doors
Ghiberti: The Gates of Paradise
Early Renaissance painting
18. FLORENCE, 1401
THE EARLIEST TRULY RENAISSANCE IMAGES IN FLORENCE DATE FROM THE FIRST YEAR OF THE
CENTURY KNOWN IN ITALIAN AS QUATTROCENTO, SYNONYMOUS WITH THE EARLY RENAISSANCE. AT
THAT DATE A COMPETITION WAS HELD TO FIND AN ARTIST TO CREATE A PAIR OF BRONZE DOORS FOR
THE BAPTISTRY OF ST. JOHN, THE OLDEST REMAINING CHURCH IN THE CITY. THE BAPTISTRY IS A
LARGE OCTAGONAL BUILDING IN THE ROMANESQUE STYLE, WHOSE ORIGINS HAD BEEN FORGOTTEN
AND WHICH WAS POPULARLY BELIEVED TO DATE FROM ROMAN TIMES. THE INTERIOR OF ITS DOME
IS DECORATED WITH AN ENORMOUS MOSAIC FIGURE OF CHRIST IN MAJESTY THOUGHT TO HAVE
BEEN DESIGNED BY COPPO DI MARCOVALDO. IT HAS THREE LARGE PORTALS, THE CENTRAL ONE
BEING FILLED AT THAT TIME BY A SET OF DOORS CREATED BYANDREA PISANO EIGHTY YEARS
EARLIER.
PISANO'S DOORS WERE DIVIDED INTO 28 QUATREFOIL COMPARTMENTS, CONTAINING NARRATIVES
SCENES FROM THE LIFE OF JOHN THE BAPTIST. THE COMPETITORS, OF WHICH THERE WERE SEVEN
YOUNG ARTISTS, WERE EACH TO DESIGN A BRONZE PANEL OF SIMILAR SHAPE AND SIZE,
REPRESENTING THE SACRIFICE OF ISAAC.
TWO OF THE PANELS HAVE SURVIVED, THAT BY LORENZO GHIBERTI AND THAT BY BRUNELLESCHI.
EACH PANEL SHOWS SOME STRONGLY CLASSICISING MOTIFS INDICATING THE DIRECTION THAT ART
AND PHILOSOPHY WERE MOVING, AT THAT TIME. GHIBERTI HAS USED THE NAKED FIGURE OF ISAAC
TO CREATE A SMALL SCULPTURE IN THE CLASSICAL STYLE. HE KNEELS ON A TOMB DECORATED
WITH ACANTHUS SCROLLS THAT ARE ALSO A REFERENCE TO THE ART OF ANCIENT ROME. IN
BRUNELLESCHI'S PANEL, ONE OF THE ADDITIONAL FIGURES INCLUDED IN THE SCENE IS
REMINISCENT OF A WELL-KNOWN ROMAN BRONZE FIGURE OF A BOY PULLING A THORN FROM HIS
FOOT. BRUNELLESCHI'S CREATION IS CHALLENGING IN ITS DYNAMIC INTENSITY. LESS ELEGANT
THAN GHIBERTI'S, IT IS MORE ABOUT HUMAN DRAMAAND IMPENDING TRAGEDY.
19. Brancacci Chapel
Main article: Brancacci Chapel
In 1426 two artists commenced painting a fresco cycle of the Life of St. Peter in the chapel
of the Brancacci family, at the Carmelite Church in Florence. They both were called by the
name of Tommaso and were nicknamed Masaccio and Masolino, Slovenly Tom and Little
Tom.
Development of linear perspective
Paolo Uccello: The Presentation of the Virgin shows his experiments with perspective and light.
22. Andrea Mantegna in Padua and Mantua
One of the most influential painters of northern Italy was Andrea Mantegna of Padua, who had
the good fortune to be in his teen years at the time in which the great Florentine sculptor
Donatello was working there. Donatello created the enormous equestrian bronze, the first since
the Roman Empire, of the condotiero Gattemelata, still visible on its plinth in the square outside
the Basilica of Sant'Antonio. He also worked on the high altar and created a series of bronze
panels in which he achieved a remarkable illusion of depth, with perspective in the architectural
settings and apparent roundness of the human form all in very shallow relief.
Cosmè Tura in Ferrara
While Mantegna was working for the Gonzagas in Mantua, a very different painter was being
employed to design an even more ambitious scheme for the Este family of Ferrara. Cosmè Tura's
painting is highly distinctive, both strangely Gothic yet Classicising at the same time. Tura poses
Classical figures as if they were saints, surrounds them with luminous symbolic motifs of surreal
perfection and clothes them in garments that appear to be crafted out of intricately folded and
enamelled copper.
23.
24. Antonello da Messina:
In 1442 Alfonso V of Aragon became ruler of Naples, bringing with him a collection of
Flemish paintings and setting up a Humanist Academy. The painter Antonello da Messina
seems to have had access to the King's collection, which may have included the works of
Jan van Eyck. He seems to have been exposed to Flemish painting at a date earlier than the
Florentines, to have quickly seen the potential of oils as a medium and then painted in
nothing else. He carried the technique north to Venice with him, where it was soon adopted
by Giovanni Bellini and became the favoured medium of the maritime republic where the
art of fresco had never been a great success.
25. Raphael
With Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, Raphael's name is synonymous with the High
Renaissance, although he was younger than Michelangelo by 18 years and Leonardo by almost
30. It cannot be said of him that he greatly advanced the state of painting as his two famous
contemporaries did. Rather, his work was the culmination of all the devolopments of the High
Renaissance .
Raphael had the good luck to be born the son of a painter, so his career path, unlike that of
Michelangelo who was the son of minor nobility, was decided without a quarrel. Some years
after his father's death he worked in the Umbrian workshop of Perugino, an excellent painter
and a superb technician. His first signed and dated painting, executed at the age of 21, is the
Betrothal of the Virgin, which immediately reveals its origins in Perugino's Christ giving the
Keys to Peter.Raphael was a carefree character who unashamedly drew on the skills of the
renowned painters whose lifespans encompassed his. In his works the individual qualities of
numerous different painters are drawn together. The rounded forms and luminous colours of
Perugino, the lifelike portraiture of Ghirlandaio, the realism and lighting of Leonardo and the
powerful draughtsmanship of Michelangelo became unified in the paintings of Raphael. In his
short life he executed a number of large altarpieces, an impressive Classical fresco of the sea
nymph, Galatea, outstanding portraits with two popes and a famous writer among them, and,
while Michelangelo was painting the Sistine Chapel ceiling, a series of wall frescoes in the
Vatican chambers nearby, of which the School of Athens is uniquely significant.
26. Raphael: The School of Athens, commissioned by Pope Julius II to decorate a suite now known as
the Raphael Rooms in the Vatican