Early art movements in Europe

1. Interactive Art History
Lesson By ISM IB Art
Dzuigas Bumblys
Samantha Concepcion

2. Renaissance Art

3. Definition
Renaissance art includes painting sculptures architecture and music and took
place from the 14th to the 17th century in Europe and it took place to increase
awareness of nature, with a classical learning and a more individualistic view of
man.Nature humanistic learning and individualism were present in the late
medieval period while they became dominant in the 15th-16th century with
changes such as social and economic.

4. Proto- renaissance
- 13th - 14th century
- Giotto di Bondone
Bondone, Giotto di. “Lamentation Over The Dead Christ by Giotto Di
Bondone.” Fine Art America,
fineartamerica.com/featured/lamentation-over-the-dead-christ-giotto-di-b
ondone.html.

5. “Renaissance Art Movement - Characteristics.” Identify This Art - Your
Guide through the Art Movements,
www.identifythisart.com/art-movements-styles/pre-modern-art/renaissanc
e-art-movement/.

6. Timeline (Early Renaissance)
- Early Renaissance
- Departing from 2D icon art
- One point perspective
- Beyond traditional religious art (battle scenes, portraits, and depictions of ordinary people)
- Became a way to document the people and events of contemporary times, alongside the
historical.

7. Timeline (Early Renaissance)(2)
Expulsion from the Garden of Eden The Holy Trinity
“Early Renaissance Art and Architecture.” The Art
Story,
www.theartstory.org/movement/early-renaissance/.
“Early Renaissance Art and Architecture.” The Art
Story,
www.theartstory.org/movement/early-renaissance/.

8. Timeline (High Renaissance)
- Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, and architect Donato Bramante
- Cultural movement toward humanism, telling the artists to return to Classical Roman and
Greek philosophies
- The use of one point perspective
- Sfumato, and quadratura were created
- “The High Renaissance artists' key concerns were to present pieces of visual, symmetrical,
and compositional perfection.” (High Renaissance)
-

9. Timeline (High Renaissance)(2)
The Last Supper (Leonardo da Vinci) Virgin of the Rocks (Leonardo da Vinci)
“High Renaissance Art and Architecture.” The Art Story,
www.theartstory.org/movement/high-renaissance/.
“High Renaissance Art and Architecture.” The Art Story,
www.theartstory.org/movement/high-renaissance/.

10. Timeline (Late Renaissance(Mannerism ))
- Silver Age
- Mannerist artists took the principles established during the Renaissance to
new extremes, culminating in an aesthetic that put a stylized twist on
classicism.
- Maneerist artists were interested the perfectionism that was shown by High
Renaissance artist, they didnt replicate it.
- Exaggerates the principles to represent self- expression instead of pursuit of
idealism

11. Timeline (Late Renaissance)(2)
Characteristics :
- Exaggeration
- Rejected realistic proportions
- Oddly positioned bodies
- These twisted bodies showed movement and drama

12. Paintings
Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci)
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Mona Lisa.” Encyclopædia
Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,
www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting.
Sistine Chapel Ceiling and Creation of
Adam (Michelangelo,)
“The Creation of Adam.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Oct. 2019,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam.

13. Sculptures
Donatello, David, mid-fifteenth
century
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Renaissance
Art.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica,
Inc., 1 Nov. 2018, www.britannica.com/art/Renaissance-art.
“David (Michelangelo).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2019,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Michelangelo).
David (Michelangelo)
Hercules and the Centaur Nessus
“Renaissance Sculpture from Florence and Rome.” Italian Renaissance
Art.com, www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Renaissance-Sculpture.html.

14. Architecture
Brunelleschi, Dome for Florence Cathedral, 1420–35
(“Brunelleschi, Dome of the Cathedral of Florence.” Khan Academy, Khan Academy,
www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-archit
ecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-dome-of-the-cathedral-of-florence-1420-36.)
Brunelleschi, San Lorenzo, mid-fifteenth century
(“San Lorenzo, Florence.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Oct. 2019,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_Florence.)

15. Bibliography
Bondone, Giotto di. “Lamentation Over The Dead Christ by Giotto Di Bondone.” Fine Art America, fineartamerica.com/featured/lamentation-over-the-dead-christ-giotto-di-bondone.html.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Mona Lisa.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Renaissance Art.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1 Nov. 2018, www.britannica.com/art/Renaissance-art.
“Brunelleschi, Dome of the Cathedral of Florence.” Khan Academy, Khan Academy,
www.khanacademy.org/humanities/renaissance-reformation/early-renaissance1/sculpture-architecture-florence/v/brunelleschi-dome-of-the-cathedral-of-florence-1420-36.
“The Creation of Adam.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Oct. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Creation_of_Adam.
“David (Michelangelo).” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Sept. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(Michelangelo).
“Donatello's David.” Donatello's David, employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth213/donatello_david.html.
“Early Renaissance Art and Architecture.” The Art Story, www.theartstory.org/movement/early-renaissance/.
“High Renaissance Art and Architecture.” The Art Story, www.theartstory.org/movement/high-renaissance/.
“Renaissance Art Movement - Characteristics.” Identify This Art - Your Guide through the Art Movements, www.identifythisart.com/art-movements-styles/pre-modern-art/renaissance-art-movement/.
“San Lorenzo, Florence.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 5 Oct. 2019, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Lorenzo,_Florence.

16. 17th Century Baroque Art

17. Map and Timeline of Baroque Art
Early Baroque (ca. 1600-1625)
Notable Artists - Caravaggio (Realist)
High Baroque (ca. 1625-1675)
Notable Artists - Realists: Rembrandt, Velazquez.
Dynamicists: Peter Paul Rubens
Late Baroque (ca. 1675- 1725)
Notable Artists - Andrea Pozzo (Dynamicist)
Rococo (ca. 1725-1800)
Notable Artists - Boucher (Idealist)
Map of 17th Century Europe
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/ticket-to-ride-a-musical-journey-through-baro
que-europe-tickets-66960022229?aff=erelexpmlt

18. Definition of Baroque
Baroque:
“[...] having the characteristics of a style
of artistic expression prevalent especially
in the 17th century that is marked
generally by the use of complex forms,
bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition
of contrasting elements often conveying a
sense of drama, movement, and tension.”
(“Baroque”)
Pietro da Cortona, Trinofo della Divina Provvidenza,
1639. 24m x 14m. Fresco. Palazzo Barberini, Rome.
https://it.motor1.com/photo/3416158/trionfo-della-divina-p
rovvidenza/
Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-portrait in a Flat Cap,
Oil on Canvas, 1642, Royal Collection Trust
https://www.artsy.net/news/artsy-editorial-secret-e
nabled-rembrandts-impasto-style-uncovered

19. Definition of Baroque
Baroque:
“[...] having the characteristics of a style
of artistic expression prevalent especially
in the 17th century that is marked
generally by the use of complex forms,
bold ornamentation, and the juxtaposition
of contrasting elements often conveying a
sense of drama, movement, and tension.”
(“Baroque”)
1. Influenced by the religious
Counter Reformation to allow
greater access of religious stories
to the population through art.
Many church ceilings were
painted during this time.
(“Baroque Art and Architecture”)
Pietro da Cortona, Trinofo della Divina Provvidenza,
1639. 24m x 14m. Fresco. Palazzo Barberini, Rome.
https://it.motor1.com/photo/3416158/trionfo-della-divina-p
rovvidenza/
What
influenced the
Baroque
Movement?
Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-portrait in a Flat Cap,
Oil on Canvas, 1642, Royal Collection Trust
https://www.artsy.net/news/artsy-editorial-secret-e
nabled-rembrandts-impasto-style-uncovered

20. 2. Rise of the middle class who
were previously not able to afford
being a patron of the arts, but
now could. Celebrations of a
centralized state were seen in
the construction of expensive
palaces.
(“Baroque Art and Architecture”)
(top) Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter’s Square and Basilica, 1656-67
https://www.art.com/products/p47491603310-sa-i10634326/giovanni-lorenzo-bernini-aerial-view-of-st-peter-s-basilica-and-its-square-in-the-vatican-1656-16
67.htm
(bottom)Palace of Versailles, Hall of Mirrors, 1678-89, Versailles © Mister_Knight/Shutterstock.com,
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Palace-of-Versailles/106230
Characteristics:
● Variety of Texture
● Extensive details
● Ornamentation
● Wealth
Architecture

21. 3. Expansion in the world, leading
to an expansion of the human
intellect and an interest in
nature.
(“Baroque Art and Architecture”)
Notice how small the figure is. It is
a reflection on how small man is
compared to the world around him.
Isaac Moucheron, Landscape, 1667-1744, Oil on
canvas, State M. Ciurlionis Art Museum, Kaunas
https://quest.eb.com/search/baroque-art/1/525_290900
9/Landscape
Landscape

22. Chiaroscuro
Characteristics:
● Sense of movement or twisting
● Strong light
● Emotion/Intent
creates dramatic tension in an
artwork through the treatment of
light and dark..(Baroque Art and
Architecture Movement Overview)
Tenebrism
Michelangelo Caravaggio, Boy with basket of fruit, Oil on
Canvas, 16th century.
https://quest.eb.com/search/Caravaggio/1/140_1643702/CARA
VAGGIO.---Boy-with-basket-of-fruit.-Oil-on-canvas-by
Caravaggio intensified this
by having a mostly dark
atmosphere and would then
a spotlight on one point of
interest through his use of
extreme light and dark.
(Baroque Art and Architecture Movement
Overview)
Artemisia Gentileschi, Self-Portrait as the Allegory
of Painting , Oil on Canvas, 1638-9
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/gentileschi-artem
isia/artworks/#pnt_6

23. Trompe L’Oeil
“a style of painting in which objects are
depicted with photographically realistic detail”
(“Trompe L’Oeil”))
Andrea Pozzo, Glory of Saint Ignatius, 1694. 17m x 35m. Fresco. Church of Saint Ignatius, Rome.
https://www.walksinrome.com/blog/stunning-frescoes-by-andrea-pozzo-church-of-sant-ignazio-rome

24. "Those who never dare to break the rules never surpass them."
Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini
Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, Marble, 1625, 243 cm tall,
Borghese Gallery and Museum
https://www.artble.com/artists/gian_lorenzo_bernini/sculpture/apollo_and_daphne
If it ain’t Baroque, just add:
● Sense of Movement
● Narrative - Mythological or Biblical
● Emphasis on light (chiaroscuro)
● High emotion
● Ornate details
(Baroque Art and Architecture Movement Overview)
http://www.disneycli
ps.com/images/ima
ges/1213.gif

25. Works Cited
● 17the Century Map of Europe: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/ticket-to-ride-a-musical-journey-through-baroque-europe-tickets-66960022229?aff=erelexpmlt
● Andrea Pozzo, Glory of Saint Ignatius, 1694. 17m x 35m. Fresco. Church of Saint Ignatius, Rome.
https://www.walksinrome.com/blog/stunning-frescoes-by-andrea-pozzo-church-of-sant-ignazio-rome
● Artemisia Gentileschi, Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting , Oil on Canvas, 1638-9
https://www.theartstory.org/artist/gentileschi-artemisia/artworks/#pnt_6
● “Baroque”, Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, 2019,
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/baroque?utm_campaign=sd&utm_medium=serp&utm_source=jsonld
● “Baroque Art and Architecture .” Britannica School, Britannica Digital Learning, 2019,
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Baroque-art-and-architecture/13445.
● “Baroque Art and Architecture Movement Overview.” The Art Story, The Art Story Foundation, 2019,
www.theartstory.org/movement/baroque-art-and-architecture/.
● “Chiaroscuro”, Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, 2019, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chiaroscuro.
● http://www.disneyclips.com/images/images/1213.gif
● Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Apollo and Daphne, Marble, 1625, 243 cm tall, Borghese Gallery and Museum
https://www.artble.com/artists/gian_lorenzo_bernini/sculpture/apollo_and_daphne
● Gian Lorenzo Bernini, St. Peter’s Square and Basilica, 1656-67
https://www.art.com/products/p47491603310-sa-i10634326/giovanni-lorenzo-bernini-aerial-view-of-st-peter-s-basilica-and-its-square-in-the-vatican-1656-1
667.htm
● Isaac Moucheron, Landscape, 1667-1744, Oil on canvas, State M. Ciurlionis Art Museum, Kaunas
https://quest.eb.com/search/baroque-art/1/525_2909009/Landscape
● Michelangelo Caravaggio, Boy with basket of fruit, Oil on Canvas, 16th century.
https://quest.eb.com/search/Caravaggio/1/140_1643702/CARAVAGGIO.---Boy-with-basket-of-fruit.-Oil-on-canvas-by
● Palace of Versailles, Hall of Mirrors, 1678-89, Versailles © Mister_Knight/Shutterstock.com,
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Palace-of-Versailles/106230
● Pietro da Cortona, Trinofo della Divina Provvidenza, 1639. 24m x 14m. Fresco. Palazzo Barberini, Rome.
https://it.motor1.com/photo/3416158/trionfo-della-divina-provvidenza/
● Rembrandt van Rijn, Self-portrait in a Flat Cap, Oil on Canvas, 1642, Royal Collection Trust
https://www.artsy.net/news/artsy-editorial-secret-enabled-rembrandts-impasto-style-uncovered
● “Trompe L’Oeil”, Merriam-Webster, Merriam-Webster, 2019, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/trompe%20l%27oeil

26. Art Nouveau
History
Samantha Concepcion

27. Basic Timeline and Important Dates
● Timespan: 1890-1910
● The movement was prompted in order to diversify
from the mid-19th century art styles -history based
(Encyclopædia Britannica)
● Inspired by:
○ The Arts and Craft Movement-
○ Artist: William Morris
■ Wanted to pay closer attention to detail
and decorative style
○ Japanese woodblock prints- shows how art
spread between cultures (Goodbye- Art
Academy)
● International movement
○ Many artists incorporated it into their work
Mackmurdo, Arthur. Wren’s City Churches Cover. 1883.
http://www.designishistory.com/1850/art-nouveau/

28. Map of Art Nouveau
The style originated in London
○ Jugendstil in Germany
○ Sezessionstil in Austria
○ Modernismo in Spain
○ Stile Floreale (or Stile
Liberty) in Italy
(Columbia Electronic
Encyclopedia, 6th Edition)
http://ontheworldmap.com/europe/

29. What is Art Nouveau?
“Art Nouveau is characterized
by its use of a long, sinuous,
organic line and was
employed most often in
architecture, interior design,
jewelry and glass design,
posters, and illustration”
(Encyclopedia Britannica)
General Characteristics:
-Revolutionary and unique form of art at the time
-Inspired by nature- prominent figures in the
pieces
-Decorative style
-Muted colors
-Type of art was more open to personal style
My observation:
● Utilises unique shapes and patterns
● Floral designs
● Many pieces have female figures

30. Graphics and Illustrations
● William Morris
○ Highlighting beauty in
book covers
○ Dense black ink
○ Utilised the style a lot in
his decorative borders
● Aubrey Beardsley
○ Leading illustrator
○ Deep black ink
○ Incorporated curved
lines in the figure,
background, and border
● Decorative lettering
● Framing
● Revolutionized graphic design
○ Also in color
“How Sir Bedivere Cast the Sword Excalibur
into the Water, "Le Morte d'Arthur",
Beardsley, Aubrey (1894).”
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excalibur
“A page from The Works of
Geoffrey Chaucer (1896),
produced by the Kelmscott
Press.”
https://www.britannica.com/ar
t/graphic-design/William-Morri
s-and-the-private-press-move
ment#ref845042

31. Architecture and Interior Design
Materials used:
1. Steel and iron
2. Glass
3. Ceramics
4. Concrete
5. Wood- furniture
Characteristics:
1. Curvilinear- flow with lines
2. Use of whiplash
3. Asymmetrical
4. Decorative style- unique factor
compared to other buildings
a. Lots of ornamentation
5. Dramatic architecture
Gaudi, Antoni, Casa Batlló. 1877. Passeig de Gràcia, 43, Barcelona,
Spain.https://bcnshop.barcelonaturisme.com/shopv3/en/product/273
81/fast-track-entry-casa-batllo-and-la-pedrera.html
Gaudi, Antoni, Casa Milà
1906-1912. Passeig de Gràcia, 92,
Barcelona, Spain.
https://www.klook.com/activity/63
96-casa-mila-la-pedrera-ticket-bar
celona/
Desk, Hector Guimard, about 1895,
France. Museum no. W.15-1971. ©
Victoria and Albert Museum,
London.
https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the
-whiplash

32. Stained glass lamp by Louis Comfort Tiffany.
https://artnouveau.club/american-art-nouvea
u-icons/
Klimt, Gustav. The Kiss. 1907-1908. Österreichische
Galerie Belvedere, Vienna.
https://www.legendarte.com/en/gustav-klimt/the-kis
s-klimt.html
Alphonse Mucha, Le Zodiaque, 1896. © Mucha
Trust 2018.
https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-al
phonse-muchas-iconic-posters-define-art-nou
veau
Key Examples of Art Nouveau

33. Detailed, inspired by
nature, organic lines
Curved lines that make
up the border
Whiplash technique
used in the hair,
shows movement
Ornamentation and use of
shapes and color in a
unique and bold way.
Embodies self expression
Take a Look

34. Whiplash
● Decorative motif- “Metaphor for
artistic freedom”- Victoria and
Albert Museum
● S curve
● Movement
● Major change in style that pushed
art into the modern era
Alphonse Mucha, papier à cigarette (Job), 1896. © Mucha Trust
2018.https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-alphonse-muchas-ic
onic-posters-define-art-nouveau

35. Organic Line
● Imitates movement and
style of nature
○ How nature grows
○ How nature moves in the
wind
● Free flowing
● Defines Art Nouveau
● Inspired by roots, vines,
insects, etc.
Alphonse Mucha, Les Saisons: l’hiver ,
1896. © Mucha Trust 2018
https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editoria
l-alphonse-muchas-iconic-posters-define-a
rt-nouveau

36. “Access Britannica School.” Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2019,
https://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/Art-Nouveau/9664.
“Art Nouveau .” EbscoHost, Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 2019, 2019,
http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=3&sid=61fe202e-c39a-4dd6-b6af-062ed08cdc1a@sdc-v-sessmgr02&bdata
=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ==#db=khh&AN=134495840&anchor=AN0134495840-2.
Hansen, Phil, director. Art Nouveau - Overview - Goodbye-Art Academy. Youtube , Philinthecircle, 16 Mar. 2014,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4luPnObQYo.
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Art Nouveau.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 30 Aug.
2019, https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Nouveau.

37. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “Art Nouveau.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 30 Aug.
2019, https://www.britannica.com/art/Art-Nouveau#targetText=The distinguishing ornamental characteristic of,powerfully
rhythmic and whiplike force.
Dervile, Frank. “New Materials Used by Art Nouveau Artists.” New Materials Used by Art Nouveau Artists, 2012,
http://www.art-nouveau-around-the-world.org/en/material.htm.
Flask, Dominic. “ ART NOUVEAU .” Design Is History, http://www.designishistory.com/1850/art-nouveau/.
“Gustav Klimt - The Kiss. Print on Canvas.” Legendarte Srl, Legendarte Srl ,
https://www.legendarte.com/en/gustav-klimt/the-kiss-klimt.html.
Meggs, Philip B. “Graphic Design.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.,
https://www.britannica.com/art/graphic-design/William-Morris-and-the-private-press-movement#ref845042.

38. “Organic Lines:” Organic Lines, http://ac.aua.am/art100/4-8.htm#targetText=Organic Lines:,no straight lines in
nature.&targetText=The lines are organic, not geometric.
Pound, Cath. “How Alphonse Mucha's Iconic Posters Came to Define Art Nouveau.” Artsy, Artsy, 13 Nov. 2018,
https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-alphonse-muchas-iconic-posters-define-art-nouveau.
“V&A · The Whiplash.” Victoria and Albert Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/the-whiplash.
Xavi. “Tiffany Lamps, the Icons of American Art Nouveau.” Art Nouveau Club, Art Nouveau Club, 29 June 2019,
https://artnouveau.club/american-art-nouveau-icons/.