This document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) technology and CNC machines. It begins with an introduction to CNC machines and their benefits over conventional machines, such as improved automation, consistency, accuracy, and flexibility. It then describes the typical parts of a CNC machine, including the controller, drives, motors (servo motors, spindle motors, stepper motors), and mechanical components. The document discusses the differences between conventional and CNC machines. It also categorizes different types of CNC machines and novel machining technologies. In conclusion, it states that CNC machines are preferable for mass production due to their accuracy and reliability, though the initial costs are higher than conventional machines.
IRJET- Analysis of File Conversion Program Used for CNC MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes a file conversion program used to optimize feed rates and reduce machining time for CNC machines. The program takes as input a tool path file generated from CAM software. It then calculates acceptable feed rates and other parameters required by the CNC machine. The output is a .kou file with the optimized parameters. The program aims to minimize machining time by avoiding having the cutting tool slow down to zero speed when changing directions or feed rates, and instead allows it to slow to an intermediate speed. This reduces unnecessary acceleration and deceleration time. The file conversion process and goals of optimizing feed rates and machining time are discussed.
This document provides details about a summer training project report on computer numerical control (CNC) machines completed by Amarkant Anchal at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited in Jhansi, India under the guidance of Mr. Sateesh Soni. The report includes sections on CNC construction details, coordinate systems, positioning of the machine origin, motion control systems, part programming, and advantages of CNC machines. It also provides acknowledgements, a preface, index, and several chapters discussing topics like numerical control and applications of CNC.
This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It discusses what NC and CNC are, the history of NC machines, the typical elements of a CNC system including the part program and control unit. It also describes different types of CNC machines such as lathes, mills, drills, and lasers. Advantages of CNC machines include precision, efficiency, and reducing waste, while disadvantages include higher costs.
This document provides an overview of CNC machines. It discusses that CNC machines use a computer to convert a design into numerical codes that control machine tools to precisely shape materials. The history of CNC machines is explored, from early numerically controlled machines to modern CNCs linked directly to computers. Key parts of CNC machines are described along with their advantages in automating production, improving quality and accuracy, and manufacturing complex designs. Applications and some safety considerations are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to computer numerical control (CNC) technology and metal cutting. It discusses the history of CNC development from the first numerically controlled machine in 1949 to modern CNC machines found in many industries today. The key components of a CNC system are described, including the part program, program input device, machine control unit, drive system, machine tool, and feedback system. Common CNC machine tools and their applications in industries like automotive and aerospace are also outlined.
Milling machines were developed in the early 19th century to manufacture gun parts for the American military. Early machines could only move in two dimensions but Joseph Brown later invented the universal milling machine which added a third dimension. After World War I, milling machines saw increased demand from the automobile industry. Engineers then started using numerical controls on milling machines in the 1950s and MIT developed one using 240 vacuum tubes, demonstrating numerical control could work. Improvements in computer-aided design and cheaper computer processing power led to the development of computer numerical control (CNC) machines which are now commonly used with a variety of cutting methods.
Cnc tooling for cnc machine(130670119596)Kushal Shah
we have seen what the NC machine is and its various
parts, it is easier to understand what the CNC machine is. CNC is
the short form for Computer Numerical control. We have seen that
the NC machine works as per the program of instructions fed into
the controller unit of the machine. The CNC machine comprises of
the mini computer or the microcomputer that acts as the controller
unit of the machine. While in the NC machine the program is fed
into the punch cards, in CNC machines the program of instructions
is fed directly into the computer via a small board similar to the
traditional keyboard.
IRJET- Analysis of File Conversion Program Used for CNC MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes a file conversion program used to optimize feed rates and reduce machining time for CNC machines. The program takes as input a tool path file generated from CAM software. It then calculates acceptable feed rates and other parameters required by the CNC machine. The output is a .kou file with the optimized parameters. The program aims to minimize machining time by avoiding having the cutting tool slow down to zero speed when changing directions or feed rates, and instead allows it to slow to an intermediate speed. This reduces unnecessary acceleration and deceleration time. The file conversion process and goals of optimizing feed rates and machining time are discussed.
This document provides details about a summer training project report on computer numerical control (CNC) machines completed by Amarkant Anchal at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited in Jhansi, India under the guidance of Mr. Sateesh Soni. The report includes sections on CNC construction details, coordinate systems, positioning of the machine origin, motion control systems, part programming, and advantages of CNC machines. It also provides acknowledgements, a preface, index, and several chapters discussing topics like numerical control and applications of CNC.
This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It discusses what NC and CNC are, the history of NC machines, the typical elements of a CNC system including the part program and control unit. It also describes different types of CNC machines such as lathes, mills, drills, and lasers. Advantages of CNC machines include precision, efficiency, and reducing waste, while disadvantages include higher costs.
This document provides an overview of CNC machines. It discusses that CNC machines use a computer to convert a design into numerical codes that control machine tools to precisely shape materials. The history of CNC machines is explored, from early numerically controlled machines to modern CNCs linked directly to computers. Key parts of CNC machines are described along with their advantages in automating production, improving quality and accuracy, and manufacturing complex designs. Applications and some safety considerations are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to computer numerical control (CNC) technology and metal cutting. It discusses the history of CNC development from the first numerically controlled machine in 1949 to modern CNC machines found in many industries today. The key components of a CNC system are described, including the part program, program input device, machine control unit, drive system, machine tool, and feedback system. Common CNC machine tools and their applications in industries like automotive and aerospace are also outlined.
Milling machines were developed in the early 19th century to manufacture gun parts for the American military. Early machines could only move in two dimensions but Joseph Brown later invented the universal milling machine which added a third dimension. After World War I, milling machines saw increased demand from the automobile industry. Engineers then started using numerical controls on milling machines in the 1950s and MIT developed one using 240 vacuum tubes, demonstrating numerical control could work. Improvements in computer-aided design and cheaper computer processing power led to the development of computer numerical control (CNC) machines which are now commonly used with a variety of cutting methods.
Cnc tooling for cnc machine(130670119596)Kushal Shah
we have seen what the NC machine is and its various
parts, it is easier to understand what the CNC machine is. CNC is
the short form for Computer Numerical control. We have seen that
the NC machine works as per the program of instructions fed into
the controller unit of the machine. The CNC machine comprises of
the mini computer or the microcomputer that acts as the controller
unit of the machine. While in the NC machine the program is fed
into the punch cards, in CNC machines the program of instructions
is fed directly into the computer via a small board similar to the
traditional keyboard.
DESIGN AND CONTROL OF ATC FOR SHORTER TIME INTERVAL IN CNC MACHINESIAEME Publication
This project focuses on the design and control of Automatic Tool Change (ATC)system in CNC machineries to reduce the time interval during tool change process.
Here three methods are used in this project, whereas the first method is the set of
mathematical logics is used to find the shortest distance in Tool magazine during toolchange.The second method is the use of Rotary encoder in the Magazine motor, In the
present system the digital input (count sensor) is used to count the pocket movement in
the magazine using Cam movement(Fixed position) from one pocket to another pocket,but the time interval between pocket to pocket is more. Hence to reduce this time,rotary encoder is being used to read each pocket positions through high pulse input.The third method is the creating and interfacing the Tool change database in Auto mode during machining, the detailed analysis of these three methods is shown below.
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
The document discusses CNC programming and provides an example program for drilling holes. It begins with an overview of CNC programming fundamentals such as the structure of CNC programs and common G and M codes. It then presents a sample drilling program that rapid positions the tool, activates drilling and coolant functions, and uses a canned cycle to efficiently drill 35 holes in a specified pattern. The summary provides the high-level purpose and key elements like canned cycle use while keeping within the 3 sentence limit.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Yogendra Singh, a 3rd year B.Tech student of Mechanical Engineering at Uma Nath Singh Institute of Engineering & Technology. The report covers Computer Numeric Control (CNC) and programming, and includes sections on introduction, definitions, CNC operation principles, safety equipment, programming codes and examples. It also includes acknowledgments and certification that the student presented the seminar in partial fulfillment of his degree requirements.
Tool presetting involves measuring tools offline using a presetting device to determine the tool tip location relative to the spindle. This allows setting tools in advance to reduce unproductive time and increase accuracy. There are manual and automatic methods, with automatic being faster and more precise. Presetting devices measure length and diameter to calculate offsets that are input into the CNC to precisely position the tool. While modern CNCs have reduced the need for presetting, it remains important for high-precision or high-volume production to prevent scrapped parts.
CNC machines are computerized machines that are controlled by coded instructions to perform machining processes like cutting, drilling, and shaping. There are different types of CNC machines for various operations like lathes, mills, routers, lasers, and plasma cutting. CNC machines work by using G and M codes input through programming software to control tool movements and machine functions. The main advantages of CNC machines are high precision, repeatability, flexibility, and increased productivity compared to conventional machines. However, they also have higher initial costs and require skilled operators and maintenance.
The document provides information about a training on CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines conducted by the Mechanical Engineering department at GEETANJALI INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES. It discusses the basics of CNC, including the classification of CNC machines, basic elements, programming and process. The training covered topics such as designing software, wheel balancing, CNC lathe machine operation, engine assembly and disassembly, welding and soft skills.
This document discusses CNC (computer numerical control) machining. It covers basic components of a CNC system including the machine control unit and describes part programming methods. It discusses sequential controllers and manual part programming. It also covers tool path generation for rough and finish machining of complex surfaces and quality aspects of CNC machining. References for further reading on the topic are provided at the end.
The document provides an overview of CNC (computer numerical control) machines, including their history, components, operation, programming, and advantages. It was presented by Diksha Gangwar at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. BHEL is a large manufacturer of power generation equipment, including gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, and boilers. The document defines CNC machines, describes their typical components like controllers and automated tool changers, and explains how they work through open and closed loop control systems. It also covers CNC programming basics using G and M codes and highlights the advantages of CNC like increased productivity and consistency as well as challenges like costs and maintenance.
The document discusses computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines and their advantages over traditional machines. It notes that CNC machines were initially applied to basic metal cutting machines like lathes and milling machines. Later, multi-operation CNC machines were developed that could perform multiple machining operations like milling, drilling, and tapping in a single setup. The document outlines the main components of a CNC system, including the numerical control unit and programmable logic controller. It describes the different operating modes of CNC machines and how a programmable logic controller interfaces the CNC system to the machine.
This presentation summarizes the key characteristics of CNC machines. It describes how CNC machines are automated machine tools controlled by programmed commands stored on a computer. The history of CNC is outlined from its origins in the 1950s to become widely used today. The main types of CNC machines are identified as turning centers, milling centers, vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers, drilling machines, EDM machines, and laser cutting machines. Programming codes like G-codes and M-codes are discussed as well as how CNC machines work through precise positioning coordinates.
CNC machines operate based on coded instructions to control machine tools. A CNC system includes a part program, program input device, machine control unit, drive system, machine tool, and feedback system. CNC machines can move tools in either a point-to-point or continuous path manner and use either open or closed loop control systems. Common types of CNC machines include vertical turning lathes, roll turning and center lathes, and deep hole boring machines. CNC machines are used for various manufacturing applications such as cutting, drilling, milling, welding, boring, and more.
Numerical control (NC) is a form of programmable automation that uses coded alphanumeric data to control the mechanical actions of machine tools. This data represents positions of the workhead and workpart and other instructions. Early NC used punched paper tape to store programs, but later computer numerical control (CNC) added memory and allowed programs to be written at a computer terminal. CNC equipment consists of a machine control unit that stores and executes part programs to control processing equipment like machine tools. Part programs contain instructions for tool positions, speeds, and other functions to transform a workpiece.
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
This document introduces CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines. It explains that CNC machines use a computer to control cutting and shaping of materials according to a digital design. This allows mass production of identical parts in industries like automotive and aerospace. The document lists advantages like increased production rates and quality/accuracy compared to manual machining. It also notes some disadvantages like higher costs but lower skill requirements for operators. A variety of industries that use CNC machines are provided.
This document provides information about a CNC Train Master Lathe model CNC T-100(S). It includes specifications of the lathe such as dimensions, spindle speeds, feeds, and details of the mechanical components. It also describes the features and operation of the Siemens 802C CNC system including jogging, reference point approach, programming methods, and tool setting. The document is intended to train operators and engineers on CNC turning operations using this lathe.
This document provides an overview of numerical control and computer numerical control systems. It discusses the need for NC/CNC, the advantages and disadvantages, classifications of NC machines, and components of NC systems such as driving devices, feedback devices, dimensioning systems, and interpolation methods. Key points covered include the history of NC development, the difference between open-loop and closed-loop control, and explanations of incremental and absolute positioning systems.
This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It discusses what NC and CNC are, the history of NC machines, the typical elements of a CNC system including the part program and control unit. It also describes different types of CNC machines such as lathes, mills, drills, and lasers. Advantages of CNC machines include precision, efficiency, and reducing waste, while disadvantages include higher costs.
This document provides information about CNC milling. It begins with objectives of understanding CNC machine development, NC programming, and producing products using CNC milling. It then introduces non-traditional machining processes and numerical control. The document describes the evolution of CNC systems and milling machines. It includes diagrams of CNC milling apparatus and components. The procedure, results, sample calculation, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations are also summarized. The key points are understanding CNC milling principles and NC programming to produce products through CNC machining.
This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It defines NC and CNC, describes the history and typical elements of a CNC system, and discusses different types of CNC machines and their applications. The key components of a CNC system are the part program, program input device, machine control unit, drive system, machine tool, and feedback system. Common types of CNC machines include lathes, mills, drills, boring machines, and grinders, which are used across industries like automotive, aerospace, and machinery manufacturing. Advantages of CNC include precision, reduced waste, and the ability to operate machines continuously.
IRJET-Automation of Boring Machine using PLC and HMIIRJET Journal
The document describes automating a boring machine using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and human-machine interface (HMI). Key points:
1) The existing manual boring machine produces parts with low quality and accuracy. Automating it using a PLC, servo drives, and HMI can reduce manual work and improve productivity and accuracy.
2) The automation system uses a PLC to control servo motors and other outputs based on inputs like switches. An HMI allows operators to input commands and view outputs.
3) Simulation results show the automated machine doubled production rate compared to the manual machine, reduced waste, and increased batch completion per hour. The automation was successfully implemented and improved the boring process
DESIGN AND CONTROL OF ATC FOR SHORTER TIME INTERVAL IN CNC MACHINESIAEME Publication
This project focuses on the design and control of Automatic Tool Change (ATC)system in CNC machineries to reduce the time interval during tool change process.
Here three methods are used in this project, whereas the first method is the set of
mathematical logics is used to find the shortest distance in Tool magazine during toolchange.The second method is the use of Rotary encoder in the Magazine motor, In the
present system the digital input (count sensor) is used to count the pocket movement in
the magazine using Cam movement(Fixed position) from one pocket to another pocket,but the time interval between pocket to pocket is more. Hence to reduce this time,rotary encoder is being used to read each pocket positions through high pulse input.The third method is the creating and interfacing the Tool change database in Auto mode during machining, the detailed analysis of these three methods is shown below.
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
The document discusses CNC programming and provides an example program for drilling holes. It begins with an overview of CNC programming fundamentals such as the structure of CNC programs and common G and M codes. It then presents a sample drilling program that rapid positions the tool, activates drilling and coolant functions, and uses a canned cycle to efficiently drill 35 holes in a specified pattern. The summary provides the high-level purpose and key elements like canned cycle use while keeping within the 3 sentence limit.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Yogendra Singh, a 3rd year B.Tech student of Mechanical Engineering at Uma Nath Singh Institute of Engineering & Technology. The report covers Computer Numeric Control (CNC) and programming, and includes sections on introduction, definitions, CNC operation principles, safety equipment, programming codes and examples. It also includes acknowledgments and certification that the student presented the seminar in partial fulfillment of his degree requirements.
Tool presetting involves measuring tools offline using a presetting device to determine the tool tip location relative to the spindle. This allows setting tools in advance to reduce unproductive time and increase accuracy. There are manual and automatic methods, with automatic being faster and more precise. Presetting devices measure length and diameter to calculate offsets that are input into the CNC to precisely position the tool. While modern CNCs have reduced the need for presetting, it remains important for high-precision or high-volume production to prevent scrapped parts.
CNC machines are computerized machines that are controlled by coded instructions to perform machining processes like cutting, drilling, and shaping. There are different types of CNC machines for various operations like lathes, mills, routers, lasers, and plasma cutting. CNC machines work by using G and M codes input through programming software to control tool movements and machine functions. The main advantages of CNC machines are high precision, repeatability, flexibility, and increased productivity compared to conventional machines. However, they also have higher initial costs and require skilled operators and maintenance.
The document provides information about a training on CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines conducted by the Mechanical Engineering department at GEETANJALI INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES. It discusses the basics of CNC, including the classification of CNC machines, basic elements, programming and process. The training covered topics such as designing software, wheel balancing, CNC lathe machine operation, engine assembly and disassembly, welding and soft skills.
This document discusses CNC (computer numerical control) machining. It covers basic components of a CNC system including the machine control unit and describes part programming methods. It discusses sequential controllers and manual part programming. It also covers tool path generation for rough and finish machining of complex surfaces and quality aspects of CNC machining. References for further reading on the topic are provided at the end.
The document provides an overview of CNC (computer numerical control) machines, including their history, components, operation, programming, and advantages. It was presented by Diksha Gangwar at Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) in Haridwar, India. BHEL is a large manufacturer of power generation equipment, including gas turbines, steam turbines, generators, and boilers. The document defines CNC machines, describes their typical components like controllers and automated tool changers, and explains how they work through open and closed loop control systems. It also covers CNC programming basics using G and M codes and highlights the advantages of CNC like increased productivity and consistency as well as challenges like costs and maintenance.
The document discusses computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines and their advantages over traditional machines. It notes that CNC machines were initially applied to basic metal cutting machines like lathes and milling machines. Later, multi-operation CNC machines were developed that could perform multiple machining operations like milling, drilling, and tapping in a single setup. The document outlines the main components of a CNC system, including the numerical control unit and programmable logic controller. It describes the different operating modes of CNC machines and how a programmable logic controller interfaces the CNC system to the machine.
This presentation summarizes the key characteristics of CNC machines. It describes how CNC machines are automated machine tools controlled by programmed commands stored on a computer. The history of CNC is outlined from its origins in the 1950s to become widely used today. The main types of CNC machines are identified as turning centers, milling centers, vertical machining centers, horizontal machining centers, drilling machines, EDM machines, and laser cutting machines. Programming codes like G-codes and M-codes are discussed as well as how CNC machines work through precise positioning coordinates.
CNC machines operate based on coded instructions to control machine tools. A CNC system includes a part program, program input device, machine control unit, drive system, machine tool, and feedback system. CNC machines can move tools in either a point-to-point or continuous path manner and use either open or closed loop control systems. Common types of CNC machines include vertical turning lathes, roll turning and center lathes, and deep hole boring machines. CNC machines are used for various manufacturing applications such as cutting, drilling, milling, welding, boring, and more.
Numerical control (NC) is a form of programmable automation that uses coded alphanumeric data to control the mechanical actions of machine tools. This data represents positions of the workhead and workpart and other instructions. Early NC used punched paper tape to store programs, but later computer numerical control (CNC) added memory and allowed programs to be written at a computer terminal. CNC equipment consists of a machine control unit that stores and executes part programs to control processing equipment like machine tools. Part programs contain instructions for tool positions, speeds, and other functions to transform a workpiece.
This describes the mechanism of Computer Numerical Control along with its types, control system, motion system, Programming of CNC, G codes, Part programming, adaptive control machining etc.
This document introduces CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machines. It explains that CNC machines use a computer to control cutting and shaping of materials according to a digital design. This allows mass production of identical parts in industries like automotive and aerospace. The document lists advantages like increased production rates and quality/accuracy compared to manual machining. It also notes some disadvantages like higher costs but lower skill requirements for operators. A variety of industries that use CNC machines are provided.
This document provides information about a CNC Train Master Lathe model CNC T-100(S). It includes specifications of the lathe such as dimensions, spindle speeds, feeds, and details of the mechanical components. It also describes the features and operation of the Siemens 802C CNC system including jogging, reference point approach, programming methods, and tool setting. The document is intended to train operators and engineers on CNC turning operations using this lathe.
This document provides an overview of numerical control and computer numerical control systems. It discusses the need for NC/CNC, the advantages and disadvantages, classifications of NC machines, and components of NC systems such as driving devices, feedback devices, dimensioning systems, and interpolation methods. Key points covered include the history of NC development, the difference between open-loop and closed-loop control, and explanations of incremental and absolute positioning systems.
This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It discusses what NC and CNC are, the history of NC machines, the typical elements of a CNC system including the part program and control unit. It also describes different types of CNC machines such as lathes, mills, drills, and lasers. Advantages of CNC machines include precision, efficiency, and reducing waste, while disadvantages include higher costs.
This document provides information about CNC milling. It begins with objectives of understanding CNC machine development, NC programming, and producing products using CNC milling. It then introduces non-traditional machining processes and numerical control. The document describes the evolution of CNC systems and milling machines. It includes diagrams of CNC milling apparatus and components. The procedure, results, sample calculation, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations are also summarized. The key points are understanding CNC milling principles and NC programming to produce products through CNC machining.
This document provides an overview of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It defines NC and CNC, describes the history and typical elements of a CNC system, and discusses different types of CNC machines and their applications. The key components of a CNC system are the part program, program input device, machine control unit, drive system, machine tool, and feedback system. Common types of CNC machines include lathes, mills, drills, boring machines, and grinders, which are used across industries like automotive, aerospace, and machinery manufacturing. Advantages of CNC include precision, reduced waste, and the ability to operate machines continuously.
IRJET-Automation of Boring Machine using PLC and HMIIRJET Journal
The document describes automating a boring machine using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and human-machine interface (HMI). Key points:
1) The existing manual boring machine produces parts with low quality and accuracy. Automating it using a PLC, servo drives, and HMI can reduce manual work and improve productivity and accuracy.
2) The automation system uses a PLC to control servo motors and other outputs based on inputs like switches. An HMI allows operators to input commands and view outputs.
3) Simulation results show the automated machine doubled production rate compared to the manual machine, reduced waste, and increased batch completion per hour. The automation was successfully implemented and improved the boring process
This document discusses the design and use of electronic pens for computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It begins with an introduction to electronic pens, which can digitally capture handwritten notes. It then outlines the objectives and methodology of designing an automatic mini CNC machine controlled by an electronic pen. The document provides a block diagram of typical CNC system components like input devices, control units, driving systems, machine tools, and feedback devices. It also discusses applications of CNC machines and electronic pens in collecting field data and digitizing handwritten information.
IRJET- Automatic Mini CNC Machine for PCB Drawing using ArduinoIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and implementation of a low-cost automatic mini CNC machine for PCB drawing using an Arduino microcontroller. The CNC machine uses stepper motors controlled by motor drivers to move a PCB engraving pen along the X, Y, and Z axes according to G-code instructions from a computer. The Arduino converts the G-code to control signals for the motors. The goal is to create an accurate yet inexpensive CNC machine for PCB drawing. Block diagrams, specifications for the electronic components, software flowcharts, and the mechanical setup are provided.
CNC PART PROGRAMMING AND COST ANALYSIS ON VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE (VTC)IJMER
This document discusses CNC part programming and cost analysis on a vertical machining centre (VMC). It provides an overview of numerical control systems and their basic elements. It also describes various CNC programming codes and canned cycles that are used for machining operations like drilling, boring, tapping, etc. Finally, it presents examples of part programs using different canned cycles for operations on a VMC and discusses calling boring cycles in a subroutine.
IRJET-Hob Grinding Machine Automation using PLC&HMIIRJET Journal
This document describes automating a hob grinding machine using a programmable logic controller (PLC) and human machine interface (HMI). The existing machine operates manually with low quality and accuracy. The proposed automated system uses sensors and a PLC/HMI to control motors, solenoids and other components for improved productivity, quality and reduced manual work. The control panel was designed with components like the PLC, HMI, relays and switches to interface with the grinding machine. The automation is expected to increase production accuracy while decreasing maintenance costs and downtime compared to the existing system.
This document provides information about the Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing course for the 7th semester Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering program. It includes the course code, credits, teaching hours, assessment details, course objectives, outcomes, module topics, textbooks and reference books. The document discusses topics like computer numerical control, robot technology, manual and computer-assisted programming, G and M codes, and coordinate systems in detail. It provides information on various aspects of the CAD/CAM course to give students an overview of the key concepts and topics that will be covered.
This document discusses 2.5D axis and virtual CNC software. It provides examples of commonly used 2.5D axis software like Solidcam, Cambam, and Hypermill, which allow for simplified 2.5D machining operations like profiling and pocketing. Virtual CNC software like SSCNC and VR CNC Milling enables simulation and testing of CNC programs without physical machining, reducing costs and risks of errors. The advantages of these software include simplified programming and simulation of errors, while disadvantages include high costs and need for training.
IRJET- Design and Development of Portable 3-Axis CNC Router MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a portable 3-axis CNC router machine. The machine was designed to reduce cost and complexity compared to bulkier engraving machines. It can be used for engraving, cutting, drilling, and milling of materials like wood, acrylic, and PCBs. The design of the machine involved modeling in Creo software and considering factors like required forces, motor torques, and material selections. Tests showed the machine could carve designs in wood and acrylic with 99.9% accuracy and 100% depth accuracy within a 280x170x65mm work area.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Automatic PVC Pipe Feed and Cutting MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of an automatic PVC pipe feeding and cutting machine. The machine aims to automate the pipe cutting process for improved productivity compared to manual cutting. It uses a DC motor and sensors to automatically feed the PVC pipe into a chuck where it is cut to the specified length by a hacksaw blade. The machine cuts multiple pipes in a batch automatically without human involvement in measuring or loading/unloading the pipes. This reduces labor costs and improves accuracy of cutting uniform lengths of pipe needed for mass production.
The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It describes how CNC machines evolved from early numerical control machines run by punched cards to modern CNC machines with onboard computers. The document also covers CNC part programs, basic CNC machine components, motion control types, advantages like precision and disadvantages like higher costs compared to manual machines.
IRJET- Vertical Milling Center Machines Status Monitoring System for Industri...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system for remotely monitoring the status of a vertical milling center machine using GSM technology. The system collects input data from sensors on the machine about its operating status and sends that data via SMS to authorized users. This allows users to monitor the machine's operation without being physically present. The system uses an Arduino board connected to a GSM module to collect input data, format status messages, and send SMS updates. The inputs monitored include power status, operating mode, spindle status, coolant levels, and any faults. The system provides real-time monitoring of the machine to improve efficiency, quality control, and maintenance.
IRJET- Project Didactic of a Mini CNC Milling MachineIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and construction of a mini CNC milling machine prototype. Key aspects include:
- The machine has 3 axes (X, Y, Z) controlled by stepper motors and an Arduino/CNC shield.
- Design was done in SolidWorks and the machine can mill wood, copper and iron plates.
- Universal G-Code Sender software is used to send G-Code instructions to the Arduino/shield to control motor movement.
- Testing showed the prototype operated correctly at different programmed speeds and could be used to make simple circuits or designs for student projects. Areas for improvement included enhancing accuracy.
IRJET- A Sequential Control for Full Size Converter Wind Turbine Generating S...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and construction of a mini CNC milling machine prototype. Key aspects include:
- The prototype was built with 3 axes controlled by stepper motors and a CNC Shield/Arduino control board.
- Programming is done using Universal G-Code Sender to send instructions to the control board for machining operations like engraving copper tracks for electronic circuits.
- Solidworks was used to design the mechanical structure, which includes wood bases and plates for the X, Y, and Z axes along with other components like screws and bearings.
- Assembly and calibration of the axes is described to ensure smooth movement without friction. Control is provided by an Arduino UNO board
This document summarizes the design of an automated numerical control (NC) drilling machine. The machine uses a microcontroller to control drilling depth based on numeric input from a 12-key keypad. When a depth is entered and start is pressed, the drill motor activates and drills to the programmed depth. The microcontroller continuously monitors the keypad and stores input in its memory. The automated machine aims to improve drilling accuracy, productivity, and reduce bit wear by controlling drilling depth precisely according to programmed values for repeated mass production tasks.
Contents:
1. History
2. Introduction to CNC Milling
3. Elements of CNC Machine
4. How CNC Works
5. CNC Programming
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of CNC
7. Applications of CNC
Similar to IRJET - Study on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) Technology (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network