Processing & Properties of Floor and Wall Tiles

1. Processing and Properties of
Floor and Wall Tiles
Presented To: Prof. Debasish Sarkar
Presented By: Pranjal Daimary
Roll No.: 120CR0390
Seminar & Technical Writing 2023-24

2. INDEX
• Introduction
• Processing of
Tiles
• Floor Tiles
• Wall Tiles

3. Introduction
Tile is a thin object usually
square or rectangular in
shape. Tile is a
manufactured piece of hard-
wearing material such as
ceramic, stone, metal, baked
clay, or even glass, generally
used for covering roofs,
floors, walls, or other objects
such as tabletops, etc.

4. Processing of Tiles
• Preparation of Raw Materials
• Mixing
• Pressing
• Drying
• Racking & De-racking
• Decoration
• Glazing
• Firing

5. Flow Chart of Processing of Tiles
Reference:
Niro Granite: The Swiss quality Tile

6. Raw Materials
Sand Clay Feldspar
Talc Calcite Dolomite

7. Mixing
• All the raw materials
are charged in Ball Mill.
Water is used to mix and
grind properly and slip is
formed.
• Excess water is
removed from the slip by
Spray drying and
granules of powder is
formed.

8. Extrusion
• The dry powder is
mechanically placed into
Moulds of the required size.
• The Body of the tile is
pressed to that size in a
Hydraulic press.
• The pressure applied ranges
from 3500 to 7200 tons.

9. Drying
• The moisture content in
the body is reduced to the
required levels by placing
the tiles in dryers.
• Hear heat is applied by
convection from the hot
gases applied to the
surface of the tiles.

10. Racking & De-Racking
• Temporary storage
further process.
• Helps in removing
excess moisture, if
present.
• Also helps in the
products to get stable.

11. Decoration
• Tiles can be decorated
with various techniques
such as printing,
embossing, hand painting
to enhance their visual
appeal.

12. Glazing
• Glazing is the process of
applying a layer of liquid
glass to the surface of the
tiles. This layer adds colour,
texture, protection of the
tiles and enhance chemical
resistance.
• Ceramic tiles have a
single or multiple coats of
glaze applied.

13. Firing
• The dried tiles are fired in the
kiln. It is the most important part
of the process because it will
determine: Mechanical Strength,
Dimension, Stability, Chemical
Resistance, Ease of Maintenance,
Fire Resistance.
• Fired at temperature of
around1200°C in approximately
40 minutes process.

14. Floor Tiles
Floor tiles come in a vast array of materials:
Ceramic - A classic and versatile option,
known for its affordability and wide range of
designs.
Porcelain - Denser and more water-
resistant than ceramic, ideal for high-traffic
areas.
Stone - Natural beauty and unmatched
elegance, with materials like granite,
marble, and slate.
Vinyl - Budget-friendly and water-resistant,
offering realistic wood or stone looks.

15. Properties of
Floor Tiles
• Durability: Floor tiles are renowned for their resilience, withstanding
everyday wear and tear for years to come.
• Hardness: Measured on the Mohs scale, with higher numbers indicating
greater scratch resistance. Porcelain tiles rank high for durability.
• Water Resistance: Certain tiles, like porcelain and stone with sealants, excel
in moisture-prone areas like kitchens and bathrooms.
• Slip Resistance: Textured or matte finishes provide better traction,
especially important for high-traffic areas and wet environments.
• Heat Resistance: Some tiles, like porcelain and stone, are well-suited for
use with radiant heat flooring systems.

16. Wall Tiles
Wall tiles come in a vast array of materials, each
offering distinct properties:
Ceramic - A classic and versatile choice, known for its
affordability, durability, and wide range of designs.
Porcelain - Denser and even more water-resistant
than ceramic, ideal for high-moisture areas like
bathrooms.
Glass - Creates a bright and airy feel, with options for
clear glass, colored glass, or mosaic patterns.
Metal - Adds a touch of modern elegance, with options
like stainless steel, copper, or hammered finishes.
Natural Stone - Provides timeless beauty and a
luxurious feel, with materials like marble, granite, or
slate.

17. Properties of
Wall Tiles
• Durability: High-quality wall tiles are resistant to scratches, chips, and fading,
ensuring a long-lasting investment.
• Water Resistance: Non-porous tiles like ceramic, porcelain, and glass excel in
moisture-prone areas like bathrooms and kitchens.
• Easy Maintenance: Wall tiles are generally easy to clean with a damp cloth and mild
detergent, promoting good hygiene.
• Heat Resistance: Certain tiles, like porcelain and stone, can withstand heat, making
them suitable for areas around fireplaces or backsplashes.
• Fire Resistance: Some tiles, like ceramic and stone, are fire-resistant, adding an extra
layer of safety.