This document discusses a study that replaced cement and coarse aggregate in concrete with metakaolin and tile waste. Metakaolin is a pozzolanic material that can partially replace cement, reducing costs and carbon emissions while improving strength and durability. Tile waste was used to replace coarse aggregate. The objectives were to determine the optimum cement replacement with metakaolin, and to measure the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths of resulting concrete. Testing of materials showed metakaolin and tile waste have properties suitable for use in concrete as replacements.
IRJET- A Review on Effects of Addition of Metakaolin with Various Addictives ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the effects of adding metakaolin and other additives to masonry units like bricks and concrete. It discusses how metakaolin, a pozzolanic material produced from kaolinite clay, can improve strength properties when added to calcium-based materials like lime and cement. The addition of metakaolin helps reduce shrinkage cracking and increases strength through its reaction with calcium to form calcium silicate hydrates. The document also examines research on using additives like limestone powder and sawdust in masonry production and how metakaolin compares to other pozzolans like fly ash and used brick powder in improving mechanical properties. In summary, the addition of metakaolin and other waste materials
IRJET- Design of 300 Years Durable Concrete for Nuclear Confinement Zone ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a 300-year durable self-compacting concrete for use in nuclear confinement zones and tunnel formworks. The concrete mixture uses materials like cement, silica fume, Alccofine 1203, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and an admixture to achieve high durability and self-compaction properties. Silica fume and Alccofine help reduce carbonation and permeability through pozzolanic reactions and fine particle sizes. A water-binder ratio of 0.28 provides sufficient workability while ensuring complete hydration. This concrete is predicted to last 300 years based on durability modeling software.
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
IRJET- Utilization of Various Industrial Waste Materials as Filler in Aerated...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the utilization of various industrial waste materials as fillers in aerated concrete. Aerated concrete, or foam concrete, is a lightweight concrete made by mixing cement, sand, and an aerating agent that creates air pockets. Using industrial wastes as partial replacements for fine aggregates can further reduce the density of aerated concrete while providing strength benefits and reducing non-recyclable waste. The document discusses the production of aerated concrete and examines literature on using waste materials like quarry dust, rubber crumbs, and plastic granules in aerated concrete mixes. Strength testing shows these materials can improve compressive strength when used as partial substitutes for fine aggregates.
IRJET- An Evaluation on the Composition of Coal Fly Ash and its Co-Placement ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the composition of coal fly ash and its potential use when mixed with concrete. Coal fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants. It consists of fine glassy particles that are spherical in shape. The composition of fly ash depends on the type of coal burned, but generally contains silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide. Fly ash is classified as Class C or Class F depending on its calcium oxide content. When mixed with concrete, fly ash can improve workability, decrease water demand, reduce heat generation, increase strength over time, and improve durability. Using fly ash as a partial cement replacement in concrete can thus provide benefits while reducing environmental impacts.
IRJET- Using of Ferro-Chrome Slag as a Coarse Aggregate and Stone Dust as a F...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using ferrochrome slag as a coarse aggregate and stone dust as a fine aggregate in concrete. Ferrochrome slag is a waste material from ferrochrome production and stone dust comes from stone cutting plants. The study investigated the properties and performance of concrete when natural aggregates are partially or fully replaced. Concrete mixtures were designed and specimens were cast to test compressive strength, split tensile strength, and other properties at 7 and 28 days. The results were compared to conventional concrete to evaluate the use of these industrial byproducts in concrete.
IRJET- An Comparative Study on Soil Stabilisation using Lime and CementIRJET Journal
This study compared soil stabilization using lime and cement. Two types of soils - black cotton soil and red soil - were stabilized with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% proportions of lime and cement. Tests conducted included specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compression. The CBR and unconfined compression tests showed the soils stabilized with 10% lime or cement had the highest strength. Overall, the results indicated that both lime and cement can effectively stabilize soils and improve their engineering properties, but 10% was found to be the optimal proportion.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Flyash based Geopolymer Co...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a supplementary cementitious material. Five mixes were tested with varying percentages of GGBS replacement of fly ash (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%). The mixes were tested at 7 and 28 days for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that incorporating GGBS in geopolymer concrete can increase its strength properties while allowing curing at ambient temperatures. This research aims to develop sustainable "green concrete" as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete that can reduce CO2 emissions in the construction industry
IRJET- A Review on Effects of Addition of Metakaolin with Various Addictives ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the effects of adding metakaolin and other additives to masonry units like bricks and concrete. It discusses how metakaolin, a pozzolanic material produced from kaolinite clay, can improve strength properties when added to calcium-based materials like lime and cement. The addition of metakaolin helps reduce shrinkage cracking and increases strength through its reaction with calcium to form calcium silicate hydrates. The document also examines research on using additives like limestone powder and sawdust in masonry production and how metakaolin compares to other pozzolans like fly ash and used brick powder in improving mechanical properties. In summary, the addition of metakaolin and other waste materials
IRJET- Design of 300 Years Durable Concrete for Nuclear Confinement Zone ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a 300-year durable self-compacting concrete for use in nuclear confinement zones and tunnel formworks. The concrete mixture uses materials like cement, silica fume, Alccofine 1203, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and an admixture to achieve high durability and self-compaction properties. Silica fume and Alccofine help reduce carbonation and permeability through pozzolanic reactions and fine particle sizes. A water-binder ratio of 0.28 provides sufficient workability while ensuring complete hydration. This concrete is predicted to last 300 years based on durability modeling software.
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
IRJET- Utilization of Various Industrial Waste Materials as Filler in Aerated...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the utilization of various industrial waste materials as fillers in aerated concrete. Aerated concrete, or foam concrete, is a lightweight concrete made by mixing cement, sand, and an aerating agent that creates air pockets. Using industrial wastes as partial replacements for fine aggregates can further reduce the density of aerated concrete while providing strength benefits and reducing non-recyclable waste. The document discusses the production of aerated concrete and examines literature on using waste materials like quarry dust, rubber crumbs, and plastic granules in aerated concrete mixes. Strength testing shows these materials can improve compressive strength when used as partial substitutes for fine aggregates.
IRJET- An Evaluation on the Composition of Coal Fly Ash and its Co-Placement ...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the composition of coal fly ash and its potential use when mixed with concrete. Coal fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants. It consists of fine glassy particles that are spherical in shape. The composition of fly ash depends on the type of coal burned, but generally contains silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, and iron oxide. Fly ash is classified as Class C or Class F depending on its calcium oxide content. When mixed with concrete, fly ash can improve workability, decrease water demand, reduce heat generation, increase strength over time, and improve durability. Using fly ash as a partial cement replacement in concrete can thus provide benefits while reducing environmental impacts.
IRJET- Using of Ferro-Chrome Slag as a Coarse Aggregate and Stone Dust as a F...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using ferrochrome slag as a coarse aggregate and stone dust as a fine aggregate in concrete. Ferrochrome slag is a waste material from ferrochrome production and stone dust comes from stone cutting plants. The study investigated the properties and performance of concrete when natural aggregates are partially or fully replaced. Concrete mixtures were designed and specimens were cast to test compressive strength, split tensile strength, and other properties at 7 and 28 days. The results were compared to conventional concrete to evaluate the use of these industrial byproducts in concrete.
IRJET- An Comparative Study on Soil Stabilisation using Lime and CementIRJET Journal
This study compared soil stabilization using lime and cement. Two types of soils - black cotton soil and red soil - were stabilized with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% proportions of lime and cement. Tests conducted included specific gravity, plastic limit, liquid limit, California bearing ratio (CBR), and unconfined compression. The CBR and unconfined compression tests showed the soils stabilized with 10% lime or cement had the highest strength. Overall, the results indicated that both lime and cement can effectively stabilize soils and improve their engineering properties, but 10% was found to be the optimal proportion.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Flyash based Geopolymer Co...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the flexural behavior of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as a supplementary cementitious material. Five mixes were tested with varying percentages of GGBS replacement of fly ash (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%). The mixes were tested at 7 and 28 days for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The results showed that incorporating GGBS in geopolymer concrete can increase its strength properties while allowing curing at ambient temperatures. This research aims to develop sustainable "green concrete" as an alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete that can reduce CO2 emissions in the construction industry
A study of correlation of field data and Simulation of cement raw mixes and estimation of potential kiln feed as well as formed clinker made using a computer program through fitting of results obtained with field data. This enables production control by controlling quality of clinker within required specifications
This document discusses metakaolin, which is produced by calcining kaolin clay between 650-800°C. It has pozzolanic properties and can partially replace cement in high strength concrete. Metakaolin increases the strength and durability of concrete by reacting with calcium hydroxide to produce additional calcium-silicate-hydrate gel. It improves the physical and chemical properties of concrete, leading to applications in infrastructure like bridges, dams, and buildings where high strength and durability are important.
The document discusses using fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants. There are two classes of fly ash - Class F contains less than 7% lime and requires a cementing agent, while Class C has self-cementing properties due to more than 20% lime. The document explores the physical, chemical and geotechnical properties of fly ash. It finds that replacing cement with fly ash in concrete can improve strength, durability and reduce costs and CO2 emissions compared to traditional concrete. Common uses of fly ash include concrete, bricks/blocks, road construction and mine filling.
This document describes research into formulating a sulphate resistant super sulphated cement using fluorogypsum, granulated blast furnace slag, and ordinary Portland cement. The cement was produced by grinding and blending fluorogypsum (83%), granulated blast furnace slag (10%), and OPC (7%) in a ball mill. The compressive strength and setting time of the cement were determined, as well as the chemical composition and hydration products. The addition of calcium chloride and superplasticizer increased compressive strength without affecting setting time. The maximum compressive strength of 47.8 MPa at 28 days was achieved using 0.75% calcium chloride and 2% superplasticizer. X-ray diffraction and scanning
The document discusses metakaolin, which is produced through calcination of the clay mineral kaolinite. Metakaolin can be produced via flash calcination using high temperatures for a few seconds, or through rotary kiln calcination at 750°C for 5 hours. Flash calcination results in rounded metakaolin particles while rotary kiln calcination produces a plate-like structure. Both types of metakaolin have similar pozzolanic reactivity and can be used to improve the strength and durability of cement, mortar and concrete through the formation of calcium silicate hydrates. The production of metakaolin has benefits for the environment due to the low calcination temperature and reduced CO2 emissions compared to
The document discusses the production and properties of metakaolin, which is produced by calcining kaolin clay. Kaolin clay consists of the aluminum silicate mineral kaolinite. Metakaolin is produced through either flash calcination at temperatures around 670°C for a few seconds, or rotary kiln calcination at 750°C for 2-5 hours, which results in amorphous metakaolin with different particle morphologies depending on the production method. Metakaolin has pozzolanic properties and reacts with calcium hydroxide in cement to form additional calcium silicate hydrates, improving the strength and durability of concrete.
This document discusses the production and testing of alkali-activated metakaolin aggregates as a potential lightweight aggregate for concrete. The objectives are to study production techniques, curing methods, and physical and mechanical properties. Materials used include metakaolin, silica fume, and sodium hydroxide. Aggregates are produced via pelletization and curing in a hot air oven. Testing shows that higher sodium hydroxide molarity and water content increases strength properties like crushing strength and decreases properties like water absorption. The aggregates produced are found to have properties comparable to normal aggregates and their production is simpler and cheaper than other methods, making them suitable for use in concrete.
This document discusses the development and optimization of mix designs for low calcium fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete of grades G30 and G50, equivalent to conventional concrete grades of M30 and M50. The mix designs were developed based on parameters such as alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, sodium hydroxide molarity, curing method, temperature, and curing time. Specimens were cast and tested according to code procedures at 3, 7, and 28 days to evaluate compressive strength. An optimum mix design was selected for each grade based on a comparative study of the compressive strength results for the different parameters.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on rice husk ash (RHA). RHA is obtained by burning rice husks between 600-700°C for 2 hours. It is composed primarily of silicon dioxide and can be used to partially replace cement in concrete production. The addition of RHA increases strength and durability by reducing calcium hydroxide levels in concrete. It also reduces efflorescence and susceptibility to chemical and sulfate attacks. Using RHA in concrete can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production and provides an economic use for the agricultural waste product of rice husks. The seminar outlines the physical and chemical properties of RHA and reviews its advantages and disadvantages when used in concrete.
Effect of Silica Fume on High Strength High Volume Fly Ash ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents research on the effect of adding silica fume to high-volume fly ash concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can replace up to 30% of cement, reducing pollution. High-volume fly ash concrete uses over 50% fly ash replacement. The study produced concrete mixtures with 50-60% fly ash and varying percentages of silica fume, an ultrafine pozzolan. Specimens were tested for compression, splitting tension, and flexural strength at various ages. The optimum silica fume addition was found to be 10%, improving strength and durability over plain high-volume fly ash concrete.
experimental studies on high performance concrete using metakaolinIjripublishers Ijri
In this present experimental investigation an attempt is made to the strength and behavior of the meta kaolin, super
plasticiser and other chemicals on high performance concrete. Cement is replaced by 0%, 20% of Metakaolin by volume
of concrete, thus resulting in the increase in strength. Super-plasticizer is used to increase the workability of concrete,
increase the density and strength. It can permit the reduction in the water cement ratio up to 15%,.Dosage of superplasticizer
is 1.5% by weight of cement.
A Characteristic Study of Light Weight Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on producing light weight geopolymer concrete. Fly ash, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and aluminum powder were used to create geopolymer concrete mixes with different molarities (1M, 2M). Cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength and density. The results showed that mixes gained strength within 24 hours without water curing at ambient temperature. Compressive strength increased as molarity decreased, with the 1M solution producing strengths from 1.64-2 MPa and densities from 0.75-0.85 kg/m3. The study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete can be produced at ambient temperatures without heat curing.
This document provides the code of practice for the preparation and use of lime concrete according to Indian Standard IS 2541 from 1991. It outlines the appropriate materials for lime concrete including types of lime, cement, aggregates and water. It recommends mix proportions and provides guidance on workability, strength development, and laying of lime concrete for different applications such as foundations and floor finishes. The standard aims to guide the use of lime concrete based on existing knowledge and experience.
IRJET- Sulphuric Acid Durability Studies of Concrete with Portland Cement (CE...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the sulphuric acid durability of concrete with different cement types and partial cement replacements. Concrete cubes were made with Portland cement (CEM I), Portland composite cements (CEM II/A-M and CEM II/B-M), and with partial replacements of Portland cement with fly ash and GGBFS. Cubes were submerged in 5% sulphuric acid for 90 days. Results showed concrete with higher Portland cement content was most affected, while CEM II/B-M concrete was most durable. Partial replacements of 25% fly ash and 70% GGBFS showed higher durability against sulphuric acid attack compared to the reference mix.
Rehabilitation Of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete BeamIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on rehabilitating reinforced geopolymer concrete beams. Geopolymer concrete was produced using fly ash as a cement replacement along with alkaline liquids. Conventional reinforced concrete beams were first cast and tested to determine their load carrying capacity and flexural strength. Then, geopolymer concrete beams were cast with and without glass fiber wrapping on the soffit and sides. All beams were tested after 28 days of curing. The results showed that both conventional and geopolymer concrete beams with fiber wrapping had higher ultimate loads and moments than comparable beams without wrapping. Specifically, wrapping the soffit and sides led to the highest improvements in load carrying performance.
Effect of Acidic Environment (HCL) on Concrete With Sugarcane Bagasse Ash As ...IJERA Editor
With increasing demand and consumption of cement, researchers and scientist are in search of developing
alternate binders that are eco friendly and contribute towards waste management. The utilization of industrial
and agricultural waste produced by industrial processes has been the focus on waste reduction. One of the agro
waste sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) which is a fibrous waste product obtained from sugar mills as byproduct is
taken for study area. This experimental and analytical study investigates the durability of M35 concrete mix
using Ordinary Portland Cement and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as partial replacement in Ordinary Portland
Cement. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash was obtained by burning of Sugarcane at 700 to 800 degree Centigrade in sugar
refining industry, Bagasse Ash obtained from burning was grounded until the particles passing the 90 micron
sieve. The disposal of this material is already causing environmental problems around the sugar factories. In this
project objective is to study the influence of partial replacement of Portland cement with sugarcane bagasse ash
in concrete subjected to different acidic Environments. The variable factors considered in this study were
concrete grade of M35 & curing periods of 28, 60, 90 days of the concrete specimens in 1%, 3%, and 5% of
hydrochloric acid in water for curing the specimens. Bagasse ash has been partially replaced in the ratio of 0%,
5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10% by weight.
This document summarizes David Riley's presentation on Anglian Water's efforts to reduce operational and capital carbon in line with regulatory targets. Key points:
- Anglian Water has exceeded its 7% reduction target for operational carbon and is on track to meet its 60% reduction target for capital carbon by 2020 compared to 2010 baselines.
- Innovation in areas like renewable energy, precast concrete, and cement-free concrete have significantly reduced embodied carbon in capital projects.
- PAS 2080 provides a framework for managing carbon across infrastructure projects and supply chains to reduce carbon and costs.
Recent growth of construction
industry has increased the demand of cement.
Increase of the cement utilization demands for
higher production efficiency and ultimately low
production cost. The efficiency of the cement
production depends greatly upon the efficiency of
a grinding mill which consumes 60-70% of the
total electricity consumption of the cement
plant[12]. A grinding mill (Ball Mill) is used to
grind the cement clinker into fine cement powder.
Grinding Aids are used to improve the grinding
efficiency and reduce power consumption. This
paper discusses the grinding aids mechanism and
improvement in grinding efficiency due to various
grinding aids viz .polyols, amines . This paper also
focus on the effects of grinding aids on the
mechanical properties of cement such as setting
time, specific surface, compressive strength at various stages.
IRJET- Establishment of Frame of Reference for Management and Reuse of Demoli...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on establishing a framework for managing and reusing demolition concrete waste. Concrete waste was collected from demolished structures and crushed to produce recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate in new concrete. Various replacement ratios of RCA were tested and the properties of the resulting concrete, including compressive strength and workability, were evaluated and compared to a control concrete without RCA. The results indicate that concrete with a portion of RCA can achieve satisfactory performance comparable to conventional concrete, providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse demolition waste in construction applications.
A Review on Utilization of Copper Slag and Silica Fume in Geotechnical Engine...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the utilization of copper slag and silica fume in geotechnical engineering applications. Copper slag and silica fume are industrial byproducts that can be used to improve soil properties. When mixed with soil, they act as stabilizing agents, improving strength, workability and other characteristics. Studies have shown that copper slag can replace up to 40% of cement in concrete and improve properties when mixed with soil at a ratio of 30% copper slag to 70% soil. Silica fume reduces cracking in compacted clay and increases soil strength. Both materials have pozzolanic properties that improve binding in soils and can be used in applications like subgrades, retaining walls and embankments.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AND FINE AGGREGATE WITH M...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the use of metakaolin and copper slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in self-curing concrete. Metakaolin was substituted for cement at rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% while copper slag replaced fine aggregate at rates of 40%, 50%, and 60%. A self-curing agent, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) at 1% of the mix, was used to provide internal curing without external water. The compressive and split tensile strengths of the mixes were tested and compared to conventional concrete. The results showed that the self-curing concrete with metakaolin and copper slag replacements achieved comparable or higher strengths than normal concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AND FINE AGGREGATE WITH M...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on using metakaolin and copper slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in self-curing concrete. Metakaolin was substituted for cement at rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% while copper slag replaced fine aggregate at rates of 40%, 50%, and 60%. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) was added at 1% as a self-curing agent. Tests were performed to evaluate the compressive strength and slump of the self-curing concrete mixtures and compare them to conventional concrete. The results showed that metakaolin and copper slag improved the compressive strength and workability of the self-curing concrete.
A study of correlation of field data and Simulation of cement raw mixes and estimation of potential kiln feed as well as formed clinker made using a computer program through fitting of results obtained with field data. This enables production control by controlling quality of clinker within required specifications
This document discusses metakaolin, which is produced by calcining kaolin clay between 650-800°C. It has pozzolanic properties and can partially replace cement in high strength concrete. Metakaolin increases the strength and durability of concrete by reacting with calcium hydroxide to produce additional calcium-silicate-hydrate gel. It improves the physical and chemical properties of concrete, leading to applications in infrastructure like bridges, dams, and buildings where high strength and durability are important.
The document discusses using fly ash as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion in power plants. There are two classes of fly ash - Class F contains less than 7% lime and requires a cementing agent, while Class C has self-cementing properties due to more than 20% lime. The document explores the physical, chemical and geotechnical properties of fly ash. It finds that replacing cement with fly ash in concrete can improve strength, durability and reduce costs and CO2 emissions compared to traditional concrete. Common uses of fly ash include concrete, bricks/blocks, road construction and mine filling.
This document describes research into formulating a sulphate resistant super sulphated cement using fluorogypsum, granulated blast furnace slag, and ordinary Portland cement. The cement was produced by grinding and blending fluorogypsum (83%), granulated blast furnace slag (10%), and OPC (7%) in a ball mill. The compressive strength and setting time of the cement were determined, as well as the chemical composition and hydration products. The addition of calcium chloride and superplasticizer increased compressive strength without affecting setting time. The maximum compressive strength of 47.8 MPa at 28 days was achieved using 0.75% calcium chloride and 2% superplasticizer. X-ray diffraction and scanning
The document discusses metakaolin, which is produced through calcination of the clay mineral kaolinite. Metakaolin can be produced via flash calcination using high temperatures for a few seconds, or through rotary kiln calcination at 750°C for 5 hours. Flash calcination results in rounded metakaolin particles while rotary kiln calcination produces a plate-like structure. Both types of metakaolin have similar pozzolanic reactivity and can be used to improve the strength and durability of cement, mortar and concrete through the formation of calcium silicate hydrates. The production of metakaolin has benefits for the environment due to the low calcination temperature and reduced CO2 emissions compared to
The document discusses the production and properties of metakaolin, which is produced by calcining kaolin clay. Kaolin clay consists of the aluminum silicate mineral kaolinite. Metakaolin is produced through either flash calcination at temperatures around 670°C for a few seconds, or rotary kiln calcination at 750°C for 2-5 hours, which results in amorphous metakaolin with different particle morphologies depending on the production method. Metakaolin has pozzolanic properties and reacts with calcium hydroxide in cement to form additional calcium silicate hydrates, improving the strength and durability of concrete.
This document discusses the production and testing of alkali-activated metakaolin aggregates as a potential lightweight aggregate for concrete. The objectives are to study production techniques, curing methods, and physical and mechanical properties. Materials used include metakaolin, silica fume, and sodium hydroxide. Aggregates are produced via pelletization and curing in a hot air oven. Testing shows that higher sodium hydroxide molarity and water content increases strength properties like crushing strength and decreases properties like water absorption. The aggregates produced are found to have properties comparable to normal aggregates and their production is simpler and cheaper than other methods, making them suitable for use in concrete.
This document discusses the development and optimization of mix designs for low calcium fly ash and slag based geopolymer concrete of grades G30 and G50, equivalent to conventional concrete grades of M30 and M50. The mix designs were developed based on parameters such as alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio, sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio, sodium hydroxide molarity, curing method, temperature, and curing time. Specimens were cast and tested according to code procedures at 3, 7, and 28 days to evaluate compressive strength. An optimum mix design was selected for each grade based on a comparative study of the compressive strength results for the different parameters.
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on rice husk ash (RHA). RHA is obtained by burning rice husks between 600-700°C for 2 hours. It is composed primarily of silicon dioxide and can be used to partially replace cement in concrete production. The addition of RHA increases strength and durability by reducing calcium hydroxide levels in concrete. It also reduces efflorescence and susceptibility to chemical and sulfate attacks. Using RHA in concrete can help reduce carbon dioxide emissions from cement production and provides an economic use for the agricultural waste product of rice husks. The seminar outlines the physical and chemical properties of RHA and reviews its advantages and disadvantages when used in concrete.
Effect of Silica Fume on High Strength High Volume Fly Ash ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document presents research on the effect of adding silica fume to high-volume fly ash concrete. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can replace up to 30% of cement, reducing pollution. High-volume fly ash concrete uses over 50% fly ash replacement. The study produced concrete mixtures with 50-60% fly ash and varying percentages of silica fume, an ultrafine pozzolan. Specimens were tested for compression, splitting tension, and flexural strength at various ages. The optimum silica fume addition was found to be 10%, improving strength and durability over plain high-volume fly ash concrete.
experimental studies on high performance concrete using metakaolinIjripublishers Ijri
In this present experimental investigation an attempt is made to the strength and behavior of the meta kaolin, super
plasticiser and other chemicals on high performance concrete. Cement is replaced by 0%, 20% of Metakaolin by volume
of concrete, thus resulting in the increase in strength. Super-plasticizer is used to increase the workability of concrete,
increase the density and strength. It can permit the reduction in the water cement ratio up to 15%,.Dosage of superplasticizer
is 1.5% by weight of cement.
A Characteristic Study of Light Weight Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on producing light weight geopolymer concrete. Fly ash, sodium hydroxide, sodium silicate and aluminum powder were used to create geopolymer concrete mixes with different molarities (1M, 2M). Cubes were cast and tested for compressive strength and density. The results showed that mixes gained strength within 24 hours without water curing at ambient temperature. Compressive strength increased as molarity decreased, with the 1M solution producing strengths from 1.64-2 MPa and densities from 0.75-0.85 kg/m3. The study demonstrated that geopolymer concrete can be produced at ambient temperatures without heat curing.
This document provides the code of practice for the preparation and use of lime concrete according to Indian Standard IS 2541 from 1991. It outlines the appropriate materials for lime concrete including types of lime, cement, aggregates and water. It recommends mix proportions and provides guidance on workability, strength development, and laying of lime concrete for different applications such as foundations and floor finishes. The standard aims to guide the use of lime concrete based on existing knowledge and experience.
IRJET- Sulphuric Acid Durability Studies of Concrete with Portland Cement (CE...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the sulphuric acid durability of concrete with different cement types and partial cement replacements. Concrete cubes were made with Portland cement (CEM I), Portland composite cements (CEM II/A-M and CEM II/B-M), and with partial replacements of Portland cement with fly ash and GGBFS. Cubes were submerged in 5% sulphuric acid for 90 days. Results showed concrete with higher Portland cement content was most affected, while CEM II/B-M concrete was most durable. Partial replacements of 25% fly ash and 70% GGBFS showed higher durability against sulphuric acid attack compared to the reference mix.
Rehabilitation Of Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete BeamIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on rehabilitating reinforced geopolymer concrete beams. Geopolymer concrete was produced using fly ash as a cement replacement along with alkaline liquids. Conventional reinforced concrete beams were first cast and tested to determine their load carrying capacity and flexural strength. Then, geopolymer concrete beams were cast with and without glass fiber wrapping on the soffit and sides. All beams were tested after 28 days of curing. The results showed that both conventional and geopolymer concrete beams with fiber wrapping had higher ultimate loads and moments than comparable beams without wrapping. Specifically, wrapping the soffit and sides led to the highest improvements in load carrying performance.
Effect of Acidic Environment (HCL) on Concrete With Sugarcane Bagasse Ash As ...IJERA Editor
With increasing demand and consumption of cement, researchers and scientist are in search of developing
alternate binders that are eco friendly and contribute towards waste management. The utilization of industrial
and agricultural waste produced by industrial processes has been the focus on waste reduction. One of the agro
waste sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) which is a fibrous waste product obtained from sugar mills as byproduct is
taken for study area. This experimental and analytical study investigates the durability of M35 concrete mix
using Ordinary Portland Cement and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as partial replacement in Ordinary Portland
Cement. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash was obtained by burning of Sugarcane at 700 to 800 degree Centigrade in sugar
refining industry, Bagasse Ash obtained from burning was grounded until the particles passing the 90 micron
sieve. The disposal of this material is already causing environmental problems around the sugar factories. In this
project objective is to study the influence of partial replacement of Portland cement with sugarcane bagasse ash
in concrete subjected to different acidic Environments. The variable factors considered in this study were
concrete grade of M35 & curing periods of 28, 60, 90 days of the concrete specimens in 1%, 3%, and 5% of
hydrochloric acid in water for curing the specimens. Bagasse ash has been partially replaced in the ratio of 0%,
5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, and 10% by weight.
This document summarizes David Riley's presentation on Anglian Water's efforts to reduce operational and capital carbon in line with regulatory targets. Key points:
- Anglian Water has exceeded its 7% reduction target for operational carbon and is on track to meet its 60% reduction target for capital carbon by 2020 compared to 2010 baselines.
- Innovation in areas like renewable energy, precast concrete, and cement-free concrete have significantly reduced embodied carbon in capital projects.
- PAS 2080 provides a framework for managing carbon across infrastructure projects and supply chains to reduce carbon and costs.
Recent growth of construction
industry has increased the demand of cement.
Increase of the cement utilization demands for
higher production efficiency and ultimately low
production cost. The efficiency of the cement
production depends greatly upon the efficiency of
a grinding mill which consumes 60-70% of the
total electricity consumption of the cement
plant[12]. A grinding mill (Ball Mill) is used to
grind the cement clinker into fine cement powder.
Grinding Aids are used to improve the grinding
efficiency and reduce power consumption. This
paper discusses the grinding aids mechanism and
improvement in grinding efficiency due to various
grinding aids viz .polyols, amines . This paper also
focus on the effects of grinding aids on the
mechanical properties of cement such as setting
time, specific surface, compressive strength at various stages.
IRJET- Establishment of Frame of Reference for Management and Reuse of Demoli...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on establishing a framework for managing and reusing demolition concrete waste. Concrete waste was collected from demolished structures and crushed to produce recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) as a partial replacement for natural coarse aggregate in new concrete. Various replacement ratios of RCA were tested and the properties of the resulting concrete, including compressive strength and workability, were evaluated and compared to a control concrete without RCA. The results indicate that concrete with a portion of RCA can achieve satisfactory performance comparable to conventional concrete, providing an environmentally friendly way to reuse demolition waste in construction applications.
A Review on Utilization of Copper Slag and Silica Fume in Geotechnical Engine...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the utilization of copper slag and silica fume in geotechnical engineering applications. Copper slag and silica fume are industrial byproducts that can be used to improve soil properties. When mixed with soil, they act as stabilizing agents, improving strength, workability and other characteristics. Studies have shown that copper slag can replace up to 40% of cement in concrete and improve properties when mixed with soil at a ratio of 30% copper slag to 70% soil. Silica fume reduces cracking in compacted clay and increases soil strength. Both materials have pozzolanic properties that improve binding in soils and can be used in applications like subgrades, retaining walls and embankments.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AND FINE AGGREGATE WITH M...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the use of metakaolin and copper slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in self-curing concrete. Metakaolin was substituted for cement at rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% while copper slag replaced fine aggregate at rates of 40%, 50%, and 60%. A self-curing agent, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) at 1% of the mix, was used to provide internal curing without external water. The compressive and split tensile strengths of the mixes were tested and compared to conventional concrete. The results showed that the self-curing concrete with metakaolin and copper slag replacements achieved comparable or higher strengths than normal concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT AND FINE AGGREGATE WITH M...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on using metakaolin and copper slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate respectively in self-curing concrete. Metakaolin was substituted for cement at rates of 10%, 15%, and 20% while copper slag replaced fine aggregate at rates of 40%, 50%, and 60%. Polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) was added at 1% as a self-curing agent. Tests were performed to evaluate the compressive strength and slump of the self-curing concrete mixtures and compare them to conventional concrete. The results showed that metakaolin and copper slag improved the compressive strength and workability of the self-curing concrete.
The demand and use of concrete have led to a lot of research in improving its
strength, durability, life cycle, temperature effect and many more. Improving the
strength and durability of concrete is very paramount in the construction of basic
infrastructure in a bid to make it sustainable. The choice of metakaolin as a
supplementary material in improving the mechanical strength and durability of
concrete is espoused in this review. This was done in a bid to reduce the cost of
cement being one of the most expensive component of concrete production and to also
improve sustainability in the construction industry. The review revealed that the use of
metakaolin in the production of concrete showed an improved mechanical strength.
Literatures revealed that up to 10%-20% increase in mechanical strength is recorded
with the use of metakaolin in concrete production. Additionally, the durability
properties of concrete with metakaolin also improved. However, the review revealed
that incorporating metakaolin in concrete production reduced the workability of
concrete and increased the heat of hydration. The result of this review showed that the
use of metakaolin reduced the cost of producing concrete. Based on the uniqueness of
the material, it is recommended for use in countries where it is abundant in a bid to
promote sustainability in concrete technology, improve mechanical strength and
reduce cost.
Effect of Nano-Silica and Metakaolin on Properties of Recycled Coarse Aggrega...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a study on the effect of nano-silica and metakaolin on the properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Concrete samples were produced with partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate at levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% with recycled coarse aggregate. Cement was also partially replaced with metakaolin at 10%, 15% and 20% and with nano-silica at 1%, 2% and 3%. Test results showed that compressive strength was highest (29.35% more than normal concrete) when cement was replaced with 15% metakaolin and 2% nano-silica, and coarse aggregate was replaced at 50% with recycled aggregate. The strength characteristics improved significantly at these optimum replacement levels of
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATE CON...IRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental investigation on the properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete. Concrete samples were produced by replacing natural coarse aggregate with recycled coarse aggregate at rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Cement was also partially replaced with silica fume and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) at rates of 10% and 20%. Compressive strength, rebound hammer, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests were performed to evaluate the effect on mechanical properties. The results showed that using recycled coarse aggregate and supplementary cementitious materials like silica fume and GGBS can produce concrete with comparable strength and durability to conventional concrete while providing environmental and sustainability benefits.
IRJET- Strength and Durability Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacemen...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability properties of concrete with partial replacement of cement with metakaoline and marble dust. The study found that replacing 10% of cement with 10% metakaoline and 10% marble dust resulted in the highest compressive strength and split tensile strength of concrete cubes and cylinders at 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. This mix also exhibited good workability. Therefore, the partial replacement of cement with metakaoline and marble dust improves the strength and durability of concrete while also providing an eco-friendly and sustainable use of industrial wastes.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on using Metakaolin and Marble Dust in Conc...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental investigation on using metakaolin and marble dust in concrete as a partial replacement for cement. Metakaolin is a calcined clay that is easily available in parts of India. Marble dust is a byproduct of marble cutting and manufacturing industries. The study aims to assess the utility of using these industrial wastes (metakaolin and marble dust) as cement replacements in concrete. Various percentages of cement were replaced with combinations of metakaolin and marble dust. The compressive strength and other properties of the concrete mixtures were then tested at 7 and 28 days to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of this partial cement replacement approach.
IRJET- An Experimental Study on Compressive Stength of Composite Fiber Re...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the compressive strength of fiber reinforced composite concrete with metakaolin as an admixture. Various percentages of metakaolin (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) and fiber contents (0.5% and 1% steel and polypropylene fibers) were used to make cubes, cylinders, and beams to determine the strength. The results showed that partial replacement of cement with metakaolin and addition of fibers improved the compressive strength of concrete compared to normal concrete without additives. The optimum dosage of metakaolin and fibers was found to be 15% metakaolin and 1% fibers for achieving maximum strength in M60 grade concrete.
An Experimental Investigation of Concrete of Partial Replacement of Cement by...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study investigating the effects of partially replacing cement with metakaolin in concrete mixtures. Metakaolin is an industrial byproduct that is produced by calcining kaolin clay. Three concrete mixtures (M20, M25, M30) were tested with metakaolin replacing cement at levels of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Compressive and split tensile strengths were tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that both compressive and tensile strengths generally increased as the level of metakaolin replacement increased up to 15%, with the highest strengths achieved with 15% metakaolin replacement.
IRJET- Investigation on Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses an investigation into geopolymer concrete as an alternative to traditional cement concrete. It provides background on geopolymer concrete, including that it uses an alkaline activator and fly ash as its binding material instead of cement. The document then details the materials and mix proportions used to create geopolymer concrete specimens for the study. Specifically, it used a mix ratio of fly ash to fine and coarse aggregates of 1:1.54:3.43. The specimens were cast and cured by exposure to daylight instead of heat curing. The compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete specimens was then tested at various ages and found to reach the target strength of M25 grade concrete within 14 days of daylight curing.
IRJET- Experimental Study on Effect on Compressive Strength of Interlocki...IRJET Journal
This study experimentally investigated the effect on compressive strength of interlocking tiles by replacing cement and aggregate with bagasse ash, lime, and demolished concrete. Tiles were produced with varying proportions of bagasse ash (20-50%) and lime as cement replacements. Testing found that replacing 30% cement with 30% bagasse ash and 70% lime produced the highest strength at 72.28% of standard tiles. This reduced cement consumption and cost while providing adequate strength, providing an eco-friendly and economical building material alternative.
IRJET- Experimental Study of Concrete with Copper Slag for Partial Replac...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the use of copper slag as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Copper slag is an industrial waste produced during copper smelting and refining. The study aims to utilize this waste material in concrete without compromising strength and durability. Concrete cubes of M20 grade were produced by replacing fine aggregate with 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% copper slag. The compressive strength of the cubes was then tested and compared to conventional concrete without slag to determine the effect of copper slag replacement on strength.
Study on Rheological & Mechanical Properties of SCM using Mineral Admixture a...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the rheological and mechanical properties of self-compacting mortar (SCM) using mineral admixtures as a partial replacement for cement. Ternary and quaternary SCM mixes were developed with different percentages of fly ash, metakaolin, and silica fume replacing cement. Fresh properties were evaluated using mini slump and mini V-funnel tests. Hardened properties of compressive and flexural strength were determined after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The results showed that ternary mixes with 20% fly ash and 10% metakaolin (M1.2) and 10% metakaolin and 5% silica fume, as
IRJET - Experimental Studies on Behaviour of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
The document summarizes an experimental study on the behavior of geopolymer concrete. Fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used to fully replace Ordinary Portland cement in producing geopolymer concrete mixtures. Testing showed that geopolymer concrete made from fly ash and GGBS had higher compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths compared to OPC concrete. Using a superplasticizer further increased the strengths. The study concluded that geopolymer concrete is a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to OPC concrete that merits use in construction.
IRJET- Studies on the Mechanical Strength Properties of the Metakaolin ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the mechanical strength properties of concrete with metakaolin additions. The study tested concrete mixtures with varying replacements of cement with flyash and a constant 5% replacement with metakaolin. Tests were conducted to measure the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of the hardened concrete mixtures. The results showed that replacing up to 10% of cement with flyash and 5% with metakaolin improved the mechanical strengths compared to normal concrete. However, strengths decreased with flyash replacements over 10%. Therefore, the study concluded that a 10% flyash and 5% metakaolin replacement provided the optimum mechanical properties for the concrete.
IRJET- Impact on Compressive Strength of Concrete by Partial Replacement ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the impact of partially replacing cement with lime powder in concrete. Concrete cubes were created with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of cement with lime powder. The cubes were tested for compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days. Test results found that compressive strength initially increased with lime content, with the highest strength achieved with 30% replacement. This suggests that partial replacement of cement with lime powder can improve the compressive strength of concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON CONCRETE USING BASALT FIBER AS ADDITIVE AND PARTIAL R...IRJET Journal
The document summarizes an experimental study on using basalt fiber and Alccofine (a micro fine material) as additives to partially replace cement in concrete. Tests were conducted to determine the workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength of concrete mixtures containing 2% basalt fiber and 5-25% replacement of cement with Alccofine. Results showed that workability increased with the additions. Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths generally increased up to 10-15% cement replacement by Alccofine compared to conventional concrete, but decreased with 25% replacement. The study concluded that basalt fiber and Alccofine up to 15% can be used
IRJET- Strength and Durability Study on Concrete using Silica Fume and Ir...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of a study on the use of silica fume and iron slag as partial replacements for cement and fine aggregate in concrete. The study investigated the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixes containing 15% silica fume and varying amounts of iron slag (30%, 40%, 50%, 60%) replacement at curing periods of 7, 14, and 28 days. The results showed that the mix with 15% silica fume and 50% iron slag replacement achieved the highest compressive strength and split tensile strength compared to the other mixes and conventional concrete. Therefore, the optimal mix was determined to be a partial replacement with 15% silica fume and 50
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION USING PEG-400, A SELF-CURING AGENT AND MARBLE DUST...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study that investigated using marble dust powder and PEG-400 (a self-curing agent) to partially replace cement in concrete. Two test mixtures were created with different replacement rates of marble dust powder and PEG-400. The workability, compressive strength, and split tensile strength of the concrete mixtures were evaluated at various curing periods. The results showed that replacing up to 5% of cement with marble dust powder and 0.5% PEG-400 improved compressive strength. Replacing 10% of cement with marble dust powder and 1% PEG-400 increased split tensile strength. Incorporating marble dust powder and PEG-400 together had synergistic effects on
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STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
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A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
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Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
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Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
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This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
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3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
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React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
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A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
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Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
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Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
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Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
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efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio