The document discusses the use of LIDAR technology for autonomous robots and vehicles. It provides an overview of how LIDAR works using light pulses or modulation to measure distances to objects with high accuracy. LIDAR allows robots and self-driving cars to continuously sense their surroundings in 360 degrees and use this depth information to safely navigate and avoid obstacles. The document also reviews different LIDAR imaging approaches and how LIDAR can be combined with robotics to enable autonomous navigation and mapping of environments.
Automatic Robot System In Industries Using Rf Module iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Real Time Implementation of Adaptive Beam former for Phased Array Radar over ...CSCJournals
Mechanical positioners, rotating antennas and large size of early generation radars limited the capability of the radar system to track laterally accelerating targets. Electronic Scanning Array (ESA) such as used in Phased Array Radar (PAR) overcomed these limitations by providing beam agility, good response time, variable scan rates and efficient use of energy. Early PAR systems used analog phase shifting schemes that caused variations and component failures resulting in overall degradation of radar performance. With the advent of new technology and high performance embedded systems, digital beamforming has become powerful enough to perform massive operations required for real time digital beamforming. MATLAB simulation of adaptive beamformer is presented in this paper. Real time implementation of adaptive beamformer over DSP kit (TMS320C6713) was also carried out and results were compared with MATLAB simulations. GUI was also made in MATLAB for viewing results of real time implementation via real time data exchange. Developed system can be used in digital beamforming PAR provided array signals is routed to DSP kit through FPGA interfaced to high speed ADC’s.
Indoor localization in sensor network with estimation of doa and rssi measure...eSAT Journals
Abstract Due to advancement in MEMS technology today wireless sensor network has gained a lot of importance. The wide range of its applications includes environmental and habitat monitoring, object localization, target tracking, security surveillance etc. Wireless sensor networks consist of tiny sensor devices called as motes. The constrained computation power, battery power, storage capacity and communication bandwidth of the tiny motes pose challenging problems in the design and deployment of such systems. In this paper we provide study and prototype implementation of architecture and algorithm for network of tiny wireless sensors for localization purpose. Key Words— sensor network; localization, RSSI; Angle-of-arrival (AoA); direction-of-arrival (DoA).
Transducers and sensors
Sensors in robotics
Tactile sensors
Proximity and range sensors
Miscellaneous sensors and sensor based system
Use of sensors in Robotics
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Technical Research and Applications about developing an ultrasonic peripatetic scanner using a Raspberry Pi to enable autonomous object detection for a test bench. Key points:
- An ultrasonic sensor is mounted on servo motors controlled by a Raspberry Pi to horizontally and vertically scan an area and measure distances to objects for an autonomous test bench.
- The Raspberry Pi provides wireless connectivity and processing power for the portable ultrasonic scanner. Python programs control the ultrasonic sensor and servo motors.
- Details are provided on setting up the Raspberry Pi, installing Raspbian OS, connecting an RTC for clock functions, enabling the I2C and SPI buses, and
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses radar echo signals and multipath fading. It begins with an abstract that introduces multipath propagation as a phenomenon where radar signals take multiple paths upon reflection, in addition to the direct line of sight path. This can cause interference and fading effects. The document then provides background on radar systems and the radar range equation. It presents an approach to process received radar signals to isolate the main line of sight echo and discard weaker multipath signals. This involves analyzing signal amplitudes and retaining the highest value signal. The system components for implementing this approach include a fast microcontroller, computer, and lab link cable for programming the microcontroller using BASIC language software.
Automatic Robot System In Industries Using Rf Module iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Real Time Implementation of Adaptive Beam former for Phased Array Radar over ...CSCJournals
Mechanical positioners, rotating antennas and large size of early generation radars limited the capability of the radar system to track laterally accelerating targets. Electronic Scanning Array (ESA) such as used in Phased Array Radar (PAR) overcomed these limitations by providing beam agility, good response time, variable scan rates and efficient use of energy. Early PAR systems used analog phase shifting schemes that caused variations and component failures resulting in overall degradation of radar performance. With the advent of new technology and high performance embedded systems, digital beamforming has become powerful enough to perform massive operations required for real time digital beamforming. MATLAB simulation of adaptive beamformer is presented in this paper. Real time implementation of adaptive beamformer over DSP kit (TMS320C6713) was also carried out and results were compared with MATLAB simulations. GUI was also made in MATLAB for viewing results of real time implementation via real time data exchange. Developed system can be used in digital beamforming PAR provided array signals is routed to DSP kit through FPGA interfaced to high speed ADC’s.
Indoor localization in sensor network with estimation of doa and rssi measure...eSAT Journals
Abstract Due to advancement in MEMS technology today wireless sensor network has gained a lot of importance. The wide range of its applications includes environmental and habitat monitoring, object localization, target tracking, security surveillance etc. Wireless sensor networks consist of tiny sensor devices called as motes. The constrained computation power, battery power, storage capacity and communication bandwidth of the tiny motes pose challenging problems in the design and deployment of such systems. In this paper we provide study and prototype implementation of architecture and algorithm for network of tiny wireless sensors for localization purpose. Key Words— sensor network; localization, RSSI; Angle-of-arrival (AoA); direction-of-arrival (DoA).
Transducers and sensors
Sensors in robotics
Tactile sensors
Proximity and range sensors
Miscellaneous sensors and sensor based system
Use of sensors in Robotics
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Technical Research and Applications about developing an ultrasonic peripatetic scanner using a Raspberry Pi to enable autonomous object detection for a test bench. Key points:
- An ultrasonic sensor is mounted on servo motors controlled by a Raspberry Pi to horizontally and vertically scan an area and measure distances to objects for an autonomous test bench.
- The Raspberry Pi provides wireless connectivity and processing power for the portable ultrasonic scanner. Python programs control the ultrasonic sensor and servo motors.
- Details are provided on setting up the Raspberry Pi, installing Raspbian OS, connecting an RTC for clock functions, enabling the I2C and SPI buses, and
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses radar echo signals and multipath fading. It begins with an abstract that introduces multipath propagation as a phenomenon where radar signals take multiple paths upon reflection, in addition to the direct line of sight path. This can cause interference and fading effects. The document then provides background on radar systems and the radar range equation. It presents an approach to process received radar signals to isolate the main line of sight echo and discard weaker multipath signals. This involves analyzing signal amplitudes and retaining the highest value signal. The system components for implementing this approach include a fast microcontroller, computer, and lab link cable for programming the microcontroller using BASIC language software.
Due to the increasing number of private cars in today's society, there are a lot of
safety problems in car reversing. This paper proposes a research program of ultrasonic
ranging car reversing radar system with higher accuracy and better warning effect. According
to the principle of ultrasonic ranging, the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer is selected as
the core circuit, and the anti-interference error processing is adopted in the processing of the
single-chip microcomputer to solve the multiple measurement, the transmission time interval
and the dead zone measurement problem of the ultrasonic ranging. Car reversing radar
system based on ultrasonic ranging adopt transmitting and receiving circuit, will determine
the time difference in the single chip microcomputer. the results are sent to the digital display
circuit and voice broadcast circuit. Finally, it is verified by experiments that after ultrasonic
error measurement adopts error processing, under the complicated environmental conditions,
the accuracy of ranging is higher, the number of false alarms is reduced, and the device has
high reliability and practicability.
SIMULATIONS OF ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR SPATIAL BEAMFORMINGijiert bestjournal
The main aim of this paper is to simulate different types of Adaptive Algorithms for Spatial Beam forming,which is achieved by combinin g elements of a phased array in such a way that signals at particular angles experi ence constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. Here,s imulations are done on different types of Adaptive Algorithms in MATLAB and Simulink to de termine the desired signal from clutter/noise by updating its weight value for bett er execution speed and computational complexity and the characteristics of individual al gorithms are compared and their area of applications. Adaptive filter is a filter that s elf-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimization algorithm driven by an error sig nal. The adaptive beamforming algorithms are used to update the weight vectors pe riodically to track the signal source in time varying environment by adaptively modifying the system�s antenna pattern so that nulls are generated in the directions of the i nterference sources.
Mimo broadcast-scheduling-for-weighted-sum-rate-maximizationCemal Ardil
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a scheduling algorithm for a MIMO broadcast system with multiple antennas at the transmitter and multiple users with antennas. The algorithm employs antenna selection at the receiver to select users for communication. It aims to address the issue that when user channels are not identically distributed (non-IID), some users may get more communication opportunities than others. The document proposes applying weights to the non-IID user channels so that each user has an equal opportunity to communicate on average. It investigates the effect of these weights on the overall weighted sum-rate achieved by the system.
This document discusses cyclostationary feature detection for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using various modulation schemes. It presents the block diagrams for cyclostationary feature detection without and with modulation. It simulates the detection using BPSK, QPSK, and 8-PSK modulation and analyzes the output cyclic spectral correlation function. The main results are that BPSK produces one primary and one secondary peak, QPSK produces one primary and two secondary peaks, and 8-PSK produces one primary and four secondary peaks in the output, allowing identification of the modulation scheme used.
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. An OTDR is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer. It injects a series of optical pulses into the fiber under test and extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along the fiber. The scattered or reflected light that is gathered back is used to characterize the optical fiber. This is equivalent to the way that an electronic time-domain meter measures reflections caused by changes in the impedance of the cable under test. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of time, and plotted as a function of fiber length.
PSO-GSA Tuned Dynamic Allocation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks for IOTIRJET Journal
This document proposes using a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to optimize dynamic channel allocation in wireless video sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). It aims to minimize total path loss by assigning the optimal channel bandwidth to paths between active sensor nodes from a total assigned bandwidth. The proposed approach involves: 1) randomly placing sensor nodes and selecting the best path for each node to a sink node, 2) using PSO-GSA to tune the bandwidth allocation to paths to minimize power consumption, and 3) comparing results to genetic algorithm and GSA optimizations. Simulation results show the hybrid approach achieves lower effective power compared to the other algorithms.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Nd at s best practices for single mode tier i ii testing 01-2011Dean Murray
The document discusses selecting and operating Optical Time Domain Reflectometers (OTDRs) for fiber optic cable testing. It compares OTDRs to Optical Loss Test Sets (OLTS) and describes how OTDRs can provide additional information about individual connections, splices and fiber sections compared to OLTS. It reviews different OTDR models from Noyes including the M200, M700, OFL280 and C850 and how to set them up and perform basic OTDR operations and testing.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Passive Multi-Static Radar SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents a new algorithm for passive multi-static radar detection called Range-Doppler Transformation. The algorithm relies on large networks of inexpensive radar receivers to detect targets. It transforms target detections in the Range-Doppler domain at each receiver into ellipses in the spatial domain. These ellipses are intersected and the point of highest consensus is identified as the target location. The algorithm is more accurate, robust to synchronization errors, and has better time complexity than current passive radar detection methods. It was tested in simulations with medium success at locating targets within error bounds of the simulation.
CE6404 ANNA UNIVERSITY Unit iii total station surveyingDr Gopikrishnan T
This document discusses total station surveying, which uses total stations to measure angles and distances to determine coordinates and elevations of points on the ground. It describes the working principles of total stations, including electro-optical and electronic systems, and discusses potential sources of errors in measurements from each system. Methods of total station surveying include trilateration and traversing.
This document discusses energy detection for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using Simulink. It begins with an introduction to cognitive radio and its ability to opportunistically access unused spectrum bands. It then discusses spectrum sensing techniques, focusing on energy detection. Energy detection calculates the energy of the received signal and compares it to a threshold to determine if a primary user is present. The document presents a Simulink model for energy detection and shows output results for scenarios with different numbers of users and threshold values. It concludes that energy detection provides a simple method for cognitive radios to perform spectrum sensing without prior knowledge of primary user signals.
This document summarizes a target tracking radar system that uses sequential lobing technique to measure a single target's angle. It does this by switching the radar beam between different positions to gain improved angular information about the target's position. The radar system is then able to determine and track the target's azimuth and elevation angles. It consists of major hardware components including a transmitter, receiver, antenna, ranging, and positioning systems. Together, these allow the radar to detect target echoes, determine the target's range and angular position, and keep the antenna aimed at the target for continuous tracking.
All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using M...University of Malaya (UM)
The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
The document describes an active cancellation algorithm for radar cross section reduction. The algorithm uses hardware components like receiving and transmitting antennas along with software like MATLAB and C programs. It works by receiving an incoming radar signal, analyzing its parameters, searching databases to find matching echo data, generating a cancellation signal to transmit, and establishing scattering fields to synthesize an empty pattern for the radar receiver. Testing showed the algorithm improved visibility reduction by 25% over conventional methods.
This document discusses the design of smart antennas for RFID systems. It begins with an introduction to RFID technology, including the components of an RFID system (tags and readers). It then covers basic antenna concepts and different types of antennas. Smart antennas are introduced as antennas with multiple elements that can adaptively process signals. The benefits of using smart antennas for RFID readers are provided, such as improved capacity and interference rejection. Finally, the document outlines the design process for RFID antennas, including designing patch antennas for readers and PIFA antennas for tags using simulation software. It also discusses evaluating the RFID system performance using a evaluation kit.
ATI's Radar Systems Analysis & Design using MATLAB Technical Training Short C...Jim Jenkins
This course provides a comprehensive description of radar systems analyses and design. A design case study is introduced and as the material coverage progresses throughout the course, and new theory is presented, requirements for this design case study are changed and / or updated, and the design level of complexity is also increased. This design process is supported with a comprehensive set of MATLAB-7 code developed for this purpose. By the end, a comprehensive design case study is accomplished. This will serve as a valuable tool to radar engineers in helping them understand radar systems design process. Each student will receive the instructor’s textbook MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design as well as course notes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A robust doa–based smart antenna processor for gsm base stationsmarwaeng
This document summarizes a robust smart antenna processor for GSM base stations that uses direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. It estimates DOAs in the uplink using multiple algorithms, including unitary ESPRIT and Capon's beamformer. It then tracks DOAs separately for uplink and downlink to form antenna patterns that suppress interference. By adapting weights within each GSM frame, it provides up to a 35dB improvement in signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio and outperforms conventional beamformers that place sharp nulls.
Implementation of Doppler Radar Based Vehicle Speed Detection Systemijtsrd
Nowadays, vehicular accidents have been increasing from day to day. Most of them are the cause of over speeding. This thesis describes the Arduino based vehicle speed detection system using Doppler radar. The primary goal of this system is to design of the vehicle speed detector using Doppler radar which is used to reduce the amount of accidents caused by over speeding. In this system, continuous wave CW Doppler radar which is a special case that only provides a velocity output is used as a sensor and the microcontroller is used to calculate the speed of the vehicle. Moreover, the amplifier is used to amplify the voltage level to drive the microcontroller as the sensor output is in micro volts. It is also included LCD display to indicate the speed level. A Doppler radar that can determine the frequency shift that occurs in electromagnetic waves due to the motion of scatters toward or away from the observer through measurement of the phase change that occurs in electromagnetic waves during a series of pulses. The Doppler frequency is negative for objects receding from the radar. The Doppler frequency is positive for objects approaching the radar. This system can be acceptable in real time applications because it is independent of temperature, humidity, noise airflow, dust, light, etc. The results of design are tested and follow through realization. Each of the implementation is evaluated and these evaluations lead to the conclusion that the design is able to achieve high accuracy of the speed. The major components of the design are Doppler radar HB100 , Arduino Uno, LCD display and LM324. C programming language is developed in this system. The results of this work can improve the performance of automobile safety system. May Zin Tun | Kay Thwe Zin "Implementation of Doppler Radar-Based Vehicle Speed Detection System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26653.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26653/implementation-of-doppler-radar-based-vehicle-speed-detection-system/may-zin-tun
This document discusses adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems which help drivers maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. [1] ACC uses sensors like radar or lidar to detect the speed and distance of nearby vehicles and controls braking/acceleration accordingly. [2] More advanced systems allow vehicles to communicate with each other via technologies like Bluetooth to coordinate speeds and braking, forming "platoons" of vehicles with minimized spacing between them for improved traffic flow. [3] While ACC helps relieve driver workload, challenges remain around high costs and ensuring drivers remain attentive with such assistive systems.
Due to the increasing number of private cars in today's society, there are a lot of
safety problems in car reversing. This paper proposes a research program of ultrasonic
ranging car reversing radar system with higher accuracy and better warning effect. According
to the principle of ultrasonic ranging, the AT89C51 single-chip microcomputer is selected as
the core circuit, and the anti-interference error processing is adopted in the processing of the
single-chip microcomputer to solve the multiple measurement, the transmission time interval
and the dead zone measurement problem of the ultrasonic ranging. Car reversing radar
system based on ultrasonic ranging adopt transmitting and receiving circuit, will determine
the time difference in the single chip microcomputer. the results are sent to the digital display
circuit and voice broadcast circuit. Finally, it is verified by experiments that after ultrasonic
error measurement adopts error processing, under the complicated environmental conditions,
the accuracy of ranging is higher, the number of false alarms is reduced, and the device has
high reliability and practicability.
SIMULATIONS OF ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS FOR SPATIAL BEAMFORMINGijiert bestjournal
The main aim of this paper is to simulate different types of Adaptive Algorithms for Spatial Beam forming,which is achieved by combinin g elements of a phased array in such a way that signals at particular angles experi ence constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. Here,s imulations are done on different types of Adaptive Algorithms in MATLAB and Simulink to de termine the desired signal from clutter/noise by updating its weight value for bett er execution speed and computational complexity and the characteristics of individual al gorithms are compared and their area of applications. Adaptive filter is a filter that s elf-adjusts its transfer function according to an optimization algorithm driven by an error sig nal. The adaptive beamforming algorithms are used to update the weight vectors pe riodically to track the signal source in time varying environment by adaptively modifying the system�s antenna pattern so that nulls are generated in the directions of the i nterference sources.
Mimo broadcast-scheduling-for-weighted-sum-rate-maximizationCemal Ardil
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a scheduling algorithm for a MIMO broadcast system with multiple antennas at the transmitter and multiple users with antennas. The algorithm employs antenna selection at the receiver to select users for communication. It aims to address the issue that when user channels are not identically distributed (non-IID), some users may get more communication opportunities than others. The document proposes applying weights to the non-IID user channels so that each user has an equal opportunity to communicate on average. It investigates the effect of these weights on the overall weighted sum-rate achieved by the system.
This document discusses cyclostationary feature detection for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using various modulation schemes. It presents the block diagrams for cyclostationary feature detection without and with modulation. It simulates the detection using BPSK, QPSK, and 8-PSK modulation and analyzes the output cyclic spectral correlation function. The main results are that BPSK produces one primary and one secondary peak, QPSK produces one primary and two secondary peaks, and 8-PSK produces one primary and four secondary peaks in the output, allowing identification of the modulation scheme used.
An optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) is an optoelectronic instrument used to characterize an optical fiber. An OTDR is the optical equivalent of an electronic time domain reflectometer. It injects a series of optical pulses into the fiber under test and extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along the fiber. The scattered or reflected light that is gathered back is used to characterize the optical fiber. This is equivalent to the way that an electronic time-domain meter measures reflections caused by changes in the impedance of the cable under test. The strength of the return pulses is measured and integrated as a function of time, and plotted as a function of fiber length.
PSO-GSA Tuned Dynamic Allocation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks for IOTIRJET Journal
This document proposes using a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to optimize dynamic channel allocation in wireless video sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). It aims to minimize total path loss by assigning the optimal channel bandwidth to paths between active sensor nodes from a total assigned bandwidth. The proposed approach involves: 1) randomly placing sensor nodes and selecting the best path for each node to a sink node, 2) using PSO-GSA to tune the bandwidth allocation to paths to minimize power consumption, and 3) comparing results to genetic algorithm and GSA optimizations. Simulation results show the hybrid approach achieves lower effective power compared to the other algorithms.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
Nd at s best practices for single mode tier i ii testing 01-2011Dean Murray
The document discusses selecting and operating Optical Time Domain Reflectometers (OTDRs) for fiber optic cable testing. It compares OTDRs to Optical Loss Test Sets (OLTS) and describes how OTDRs can provide additional information about individual connections, splices and fiber sections compared to OLTS. It reviews different OTDR models from Noyes including the M200, M700, OFL280 and C850 and how to set them up and perform basic OTDR operations and testing.
IRJET- Design and Analysis of Passive Multi-Static Radar SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents a new algorithm for passive multi-static radar detection called Range-Doppler Transformation. The algorithm relies on large networks of inexpensive radar receivers to detect targets. It transforms target detections in the Range-Doppler domain at each receiver into ellipses in the spatial domain. These ellipses are intersected and the point of highest consensus is identified as the target location. The algorithm is more accurate, robust to synchronization errors, and has better time complexity than current passive radar detection methods. It was tested in simulations with medium success at locating targets within error bounds of the simulation.
CE6404 ANNA UNIVERSITY Unit iii total station surveyingDr Gopikrishnan T
This document discusses total station surveying, which uses total stations to measure angles and distances to determine coordinates and elevations of points on the ground. It describes the working principles of total stations, including electro-optical and electronic systems, and discusses potential sources of errors in measurements from each system. Methods of total station surveying include trilateration and traversing.
This document discusses energy detection for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio using Simulink. It begins with an introduction to cognitive radio and its ability to opportunistically access unused spectrum bands. It then discusses spectrum sensing techniques, focusing on energy detection. Energy detection calculates the energy of the received signal and compares it to a threshold to determine if a primary user is present. The document presents a Simulink model for energy detection and shows output results for scenarios with different numbers of users and threshold values. It concludes that energy detection provides a simple method for cognitive radios to perform spectrum sensing without prior knowledge of primary user signals.
This document summarizes a target tracking radar system that uses sequential lobing technique to measure a single target's angle. It does this by switching the radar beam between different positions to gain improved angular information about the target's position. The radar system is then able to determine and track the target's azimuth and elevation angles. It consists of major hardware components including a transmitter, receiver, antenna, ranging, and positioning systems. Together, these allow the radar to detect target echoes, determine the target's range and angular position, and keep the antenna aimed at the target for continuous tracking.
All-Optical OFDM Generation for IEEE802.11a Based on Soliton Carriers Using M...University of Malaya (UM)
The optical carrier generation is the basic building block to implement all-optical
orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. One method to optically
generate single and multicarriers is to use the microring resonator (MRR). The MRRs can be
used as filter devices, where generation of high-frequency (GHz) soliton signals as single
and multicarriers can be performed using suitable system parameters. Here, the optical
soliton in a nonlinear fiber MRR system is analyzed, using a modified add/drop system
known as a Panda ring resonator connected to an add/drop system. In order to set up a
transmission system, i.e., IEEE802.11a, first, 64 uniform optical carriers were generated and
separated by a splitter and modulated; afterward, the spectra of the modulated optical
subcarriers are overlapped, which results one optical OFDM channel band. The quadrature
amplitude modulation (QAM) and 16-QAM are used for modulating the subcarriers. The
generated OFDM signal is multiplexed with a single-carrier soliton and transmitted through
the single-mode fiber (SMF). After photodetection, the radio frequency (RF) signal was
propagated. On the receiver side, the RF signal was optically modulated and processed.
The results show the generation of 64 multicarriers evenly spaced in the range from 54.09 to
55.01 GHz, where demodulation of these signals is performed, and the performance of the
system is analyzed.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
The document describes an active cancellation algorithm for radar cross section reduction. The algorithm uses hardware components like receiving and transmitting antennas along with software like MATLAB and C programs. It works by receiving an incoming radar signal, analyzing its parameters, searching databases to find matching echo data, generating a cancellation signal to transmit, and establishing scattering fields to synthesize an empty pattern for the radar receiver. Testing showed the algorithm improved visibility reduction by 25% over conventional methods.
This document discusses the design of smart antennas for RFID systems. It begins with an introduction to RFID technology, including the components of an RFID system (tags and readers). It then covers basic antenna concepts and different types of antennas. Smart antennas are introduced as antennas with multiple elements that can adaptively process signals. The benefits of using smart antennas for RFID readers are provided, such as improved capacity and interference rejection. Finally, the document outlines the design process for RFID antennas, including designing patch antennas for readers and PIFA antennas for tags using simulation software. It also discusses evaluating the RFID system performance using a evaluation kit.
ATI's Radar Systems Analysis & Design using MATLAB Technical Training Short C...Jim Jenkins
This course provides a comprehensive description of radar systems analyses and design. A design case study is introduced and as the material coverage progresses throughout the course, and new theory is presented, requirements for this design case study are changed and / or updated, and the design level of complexity is also increased. This design process is supported with a comprehensive set of MATLAB-7 code developed for this purpose. By the end, a comprehensive design case study is accomplished. This will serve as a valuable tool to radar engineers in helping them understand radar systems design process. Each student will receive the instructor’s textbook MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design as well as course notes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A robust doa–based smart antenna processor for gsm base stationsmarwaeng
This document summarizes a robust smart antenna processor for GSM base stations that uses direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. It estimates DOAs in the uplink using multiple algorithms, including unitary ESPRIT and Capon's beamformer. It then tracks DOAs separately for uplink and downlink to form antenna patterns that suppress interference. By adapting weights within each GSM frame, it provides up to a 35dB improvement in signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio and outperforms conventional beamformers that place sharp nulls.
Implementation of Doppler Radar Based Vehicle Speed Detection Systemijtsrd
Nowadays, vehicular accidents have been increasing from day to day. Most of them are the cause of over speeding. This thesis describes the Arduino based vehicle speed detection system using Doppler radar. The primary goal of this system is to design of the vehicle speed detector using Doppler radar which is used to reduce the amount of accidents caused by over speeding. In this system, continuous wave CW Doppler radar which is a special case that only provides a velocity output is used as a sensor and the microcontroller is used to calculate the speed of the vehicle. Moreover, the amplifier is used to amplify the voltage level to drive the microcontroller as the sensor output is in micro volts. It is also included LCD display to indicate the speed level. A Doppler radar that can determine the frequency shift that occurs in electromagnetic waves due to the motion of scatters toward or away from the observer through measurement of the phase change that occurs in electromagnetic waves during a series of pulses. The Doppler frequency is negative for objects receding from the radar. The Doppler frequency is positive for objects approaching the radar. This system can be acceptable in real time applications because it is independent of temperature, humidity, noise airflow, dust, light, etc. The results of design are tested and follow through realization. Each of the implementation is evaluated and these evaluations lead to the conclusion that the design is able to achieve high accuracy of the speed. The major components of the design are Doppler radar HB100 , Arduino Uno, LCD display and LM324. C programming language is developed in this system. The results of this work can improve the performance of automobile safety system. May Zin Tun | Kay Thwe Zin "Implementation of Doppler Radar-Based Vehicle Speed Detection System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26653.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26653/implementation-of-doppler-radar-based-vehicle-speed-detection-system/may-zin-tun
This document discusses adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems which help drivers maintain a safe distance from vehicles ahead. [1] ACC uses sensors like radar or lidar to detect the speed and distance of nearby vehicles and controls braking/acceleration accordingly. [2] More advanced systems allow vehicles to communicate with each other via technologies like Bluetooth to coordinate speeds and braking, forming "platoons" of vehicles with minimized spacing between them for improved traffic flow. [3] While ACC helps relieve driver workload, challenges remain around high costs and ensuring drivers remain attentive with such assistive systems.
This document describes the development of an automatic luggage follower robot. The robot is intended to follow its owner through busy airports while hauling their luggage. It uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect the position of the owner and determine its own path to follow them. Additional ultrasonic sensors detect obstacles to prevent collisions. A PIC microcontroller controls the sensors, GPS, GSM module, and DC motors. The GPS tracks the luggage's location, and GSM allows the owner to locate lost luggage by messaging the robot. This design aims to reduce the effort of transporting luggage for travelers.
IRJET - A Real-Time Pothole Detection Approach for a Safety Transportation Sy...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a real-time pothole detection system to improve transportation safety. The system uses an accelerometer sensor to detect potholes by measuring deviations in road surface acceleration. An onboard GPS module provides the location of detected potholes. This location data, along with light and noise readings from an LDR and microphone, is uploaded to the cloud and plotted on Google Maps. The goal is to reduce accidents caused by unexpected potholes by making drivers aware of their locations.
IRJET- Pothole and Hump Recognition using Lidar SensorIRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses a LiDAR sensor to detect potholes and humps on roads and provide this information to drivers and authorities. The system mounts a LiDAR sensor on a vehicle to scan the road surface. It calculates the distance, depth, and height of any potholes or humps detected using laser pulses and time-of-flight measurements. This data is processed by a microcontroller and alerts the driver with a buzzer if issues are found. The locations of potholes and humps are also sent via GSM and GPS modules to municipal authorities to facilitate repairs. The system aims to help avoid accidents and vehicle damage from unexpected road conditions.
This document discusses adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems, which automatically regulate a vehicle's speed to maintain a safe following distance behind other vehicles. It describes how the first ACC systems used lidar sensors to detect distance and speed, while most current systems use 77GHz radar sensors. ACC works by sensors detecting the distance and speed of vehicles ahead, then controllers adjust braking and throttling to keep a safe distance. More advanced versions like stop-and-go cruise control can regulate speed down to zero km/h in heavy traffic.
Robust automotive radar interference mitigation using multiplicative-adaptive...IJECEIAES
Radar is one of the sensors that have significant attention to be implemented in an autonomous vehicle since its robustness under many possible environmental conditions such as fog, rain, and poor light. However, the implementation risks interference because of transmitting and/or receiving radar signals from/to other vehicles. This interference will increase the floor noise that can mask the target signal. This paper proposes multiplicative-adaptive filtering and Hilbert transform to mitigate the interference effect and maintain the target signal detectability. The method exploited the trade-off between the step-size and sidelobe effect on the least mean square-based adaptive filtering to improve the target detection accuracy, especially in the long-range case. The numerical analysis on the millimeter-wave frequency modulated continuous wave radar with multiple interferers concluded that the proposed method could maintain and enhance the target signal even if the target range is relatively far from the victim radar.
This document discusses the working of autonomous vehicles. It describes how autonomous vehicles use various sensors like radar, lidar, ultrasonic sensors, wheel speed sensors, GPS, and cameras to perceive their surroundings and navigate without human input. It also discusses the processors used to make sense of the large amounts of data collected by the sensors and control the vehicle. The sensors work together to build a 3D map of the vehicle's environment to allow it to detect objects and obstacles and safely drive itself.
Optimisation of Distance Measurement in Autonomous Vehicle using Ultrasonic a...IRJET Journal
1) The document describes an experiment to optimize distance measurement in autonomous vehicles using ultrasonic and LIDAR sensors.
2) The experiment tested the indoor operating ranges and measurement error rates of the sensors under different object shapes, angles, and distances.
3) The results showed that the ultrasonic sensor had minimum measurement error for cylinder shapes at 0 degrees and 500mm distance, while the LIDAR sensor performed best for cuboid shapes at 0 degrees and 250mm distance.
This document summarizes a seminar report on cruise control devices presented by Aditya Kumar for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It discusses the principles and components of adaptive cruise control systems, which use sensors like LIDAR and radar to detect the distance and speed of preceding vehicles and control throttle and braking accordingly. Stop-and-go cruise control is described for congested traffic, while cooperative adaptive cruise control involves vehicles communicating with each other. The report provides details on LIDAR and pulse-Doppler radar operation and antenna schemes used in sensors. It concludes by addressing advantages and challenges of adaptive cruise control technologies.
This document describes a digital down converter (DDC) implemented on a Xilinx FPGA Virtex-5 device. The DDC allows a received intermediate frequency (IF) signal to be down converted to baseband. It uses a direct digital synthesizer to generate sine and cosine signals to mix with the input samples in a mixer, producing in-phase and quadrature signals. These pass through a low-pass filter to reject images and yield a complex baseband representation of the original signal. Implementing the filter as a multi-stage FIR filter approach optimizes the DDC with respect to hardware complexity, speed and power dissipation compared to a single-stage FIR filter. The DDC is controlled by commands received over
This document provides a comparative study of various road traffic management systems. It discusses different existing methods for monitoring and tracking vehicular traffic such as GPS, laser tracking, video cameras, infrared, RFID, time of arrival, angle of arrival, time difference of arrival, observed time difference of arrival, and enhanced observed time difference of arrival. Each method has advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, cost, environmental factors, and ability to track multiple vehicles. The document concludes that utilizing mobile network signals is a more cost-effective approach for traffic management since mobile infrastructure already exists everywhere and mobile signals can be used to continuously track vehicle movements.
IRJET - High Frequency Landmine Detection RobotIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed high frequency landmine detection robot. The robot uses various sensors and modules like an inductive proximity sensor to detect mines, a GPS module to locate the position of detected mines, a GSM module to send the location via SMS, and a camera to capture images of the mine location. The robot is controlled remotely using hand gestures and sends detected mine locations and images to help minimize risk to soldiers. It provides an automated way to scan areas for landmines from a safe distance.
A Review on Identification of RADAR Range for the Target by using C BandIRJET Journal
This document discusses using C band radar to identify the range of targets. It begins by describing C band radar technology and how it uses electromagnetic waves in the 4-8 GHz range to determine target properties like range, speed, and direction. It then discusses how the design combines RF transmission and reception components with digital signal processing. The document outlines the methodology, which includes calculating radar cross section (RCS) of targets at different frequencies, calculating received power based on RCS, and using power levels to determine maximum detection range. It describes applying digital beamforming and MIMO to the design for improved accuracy and coverage. The goal is to use this approach to quantify detection ranges for targets like small aircraft and UAVs using C band radar
Controlling and Reducing of Speed for Vehicles Automatically By Using Rf Tech...IJERA Editor
This document describes a system to automatically control and reduce vehicle speed using RF technology. The system uses RF transmitters mounted in areas like curves to transmit a signal when a vehicle enters that area. Receivers in the vehicle detect this signal and send it to a microcontroller which reduces the fuel flow, slowing the vehicle. This prevents accidents by reducing speed in hazardous areas. The document provides details on the system components, working, applications, advantages and conclusions.
This paper proposes an automatic railway crack locator system that uses infrared (IR) and ultrasonic sensors to detect cracks in railway tracks. The system is intended to improve railway safety by automatically detecting defects in tracks and sending the location information to maintenance crews via GSM. Key components of the system include an Arduino microcontroller, IR and ultrasonic sensors to detect cracks and measure distances, a GSM module to communicate crack locations, and a GPS module to provide precise location of cracks.
Design of a Low-cost Autonomous Mobile RobotWaqas Tariq
Detection of obstacles during navigation of a mobile robot is considered difficult due to varying nature in terms of size, shape and location of the obstacle as well as ambient light that interferes with infra-red (IR) signals of the robot. In this paper, we propose a novel low-cost method that successfully guides a robot along a path using image processing and IR sensor circuits. A high continuous IR signal is converted into a low continuous IR signal by means of a demodulation circuit that enables a peripheral interface controller to receive this low continuous IR signal and take relevant decisions based on the signal. The images taken from a web camera are preprocessed to remove noise and detect edges. Subsequently, an image processing routine effectively calculates the angle to be rotated of the front wheels using a scan line algorithm. A minimum mean distance error of 2.45 was observed in tracking the path at a signal-to-nose ratio of 26.50. The accuracy of speech recognition was 92% for two voice training sessions.
2D mapping using omni-directional mobile robot equipped with LiDARTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes research on using an omni-directional mobile robot equipped with a LiDAR sensor to perform 2D mapping of indoor environments. The robot uses a Raspberry Pi single board computer to process LiDAR data from a YDLiDAR X4 sensor and send it wirelessly to another computer running ROS. The Hector SLAM algorithm is used to determine the robot's position through scan matching and represent obstacles in an occupancy grid map. Experimental results showed the robot could follow walls using PID control and autonomously construct an accurate map of a room with an error rate of 4.59%.
Hand Motion Controlled Robotic Vehicle with Obstacle DetectionIRJET Journal
This document describes a hand motion controlled robotic vehicle that can detect obstacles. The system uses an accelerometer mounted on a glove to detect the wearer's hand motions and transmit signals to control the movement of the robotic vehicle. The vehicle is also equipped with ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles and prevent collisions. The system allows the user to control vehicle movement in forward, backward, left, and right directions through hand gestures alone without pressing buttons. Future applications could include using it as a travel assistant or for hazardous work and surveys where remote control is needed.
Design and Development of Device Used for Detection of Cracks on Railway TracksIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and development of a device to detect cracks in railway tracks. Sensors like IR sensors, ultrasonic sensors, PIR sensors, GPS and GSM modules are used. The IR sensor detects cracks in the tracks, ultrasonic sensor detects obstacles, and PIR sensor determines if obstacles are moving or stationary. When a crack is detected, the GPS module identifies the location which is sent via GSM module as an SMS to the nearest station master. The device is designed with a modular aluminum chassis and runs on batteries to autonomously inspect railway tracks for cracks and obstacles. Testing showed it can run for 3 hours and cover 32 km while achieving the target speed of 3 m/s. This automatic crack detection
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TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
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A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
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Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
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React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.