International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
PSO-GSA Tuned Dynamic Allocation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks for IOTIRJET Journal
This document proposes using a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to optimize dynamic channel allocation in wireless video sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). It aims to minimize total path loss by assigning the optimal channel bandwidth to paths between active sensor nodes from a total assigned bandwidth. The proposed approach involves: 1) randomly placing sensor nodes and selecting the best path for each node to a sink node, 2) using PSO-GSA to tune the bandwidth allocation to paths to minimize power consumption, and 3) comparing results to genetic algorithm and GSA optimizations. Simulation results show the hybrid approach achieves lower effective power compared to the other algorithms.
Precision (Indoor) Real Time Location SystemsPeter Batty
This document summarizes an indoor real-time location system (RTLS) using ultrawideband (UWB) technology. It can track tags with 15cm accuracy. The system uses sensors to detect time-of-arrival of UWB signals from tags to determine precise 3D locations. Example applications discussed include tracking assets in manufacturing plants and ports with accuracy better than WiFi and RFID. The system has also been used to track soldiers in military training exercises, track vehicles and tools at BMW, and monitor dairy cows on farms.
IRJET- IoT based Cost-Effective Digital Light MeterIRJET Journal
This document proposes a low-cost, efficient light monitoring system using an ESP8266 board with a BH1750 light sensor from Texas Instruments. The system can measure light intensity levels and connect to WiFi to store the data in the cloud. It uses an inexpensive ESP8266 microcontroller with an integrated TCP/IP stack and WiFi. Light measurements from the BH1750 sensor are taken through an I2C interface and displayed on an OLED screen. The system provides accurate light readings over a wide range at low power for applications in industries and agriculture.
Wireless Data Acquisition System Using ARM Cortex M-3IOSR Journals
The document describes a wireless data acquisition system using an ARM Cortex M-3 processor. The system collects data from gas, humidity, and temperature sensors and transmits the data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a host computer. The host computer uses virtual instrument software to process and display the received data in real-time. The system provides wireless and real-time data collection that can be used in applications like industrial monitoring and mobile meter reading.
The document discusses enhancing indoor localization using IoT techniques. It proposes a framework that uses a quaternion-based extended Kalman filter for heading estimation in pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), along with low pass filtering and adaptive step length methodology. This approach achieved an average error of 0.16 meters, representing 0.07% of the total 210 meters traveled in experiments. The document also discusses using IoT devices to further improve indoor localization accuracy.
The document discusses bistable digital logic devices for all optical circuits. It begins with background on how optical architectures could replace electrical ones to overcome limitations of Moore's Law. It then introduces an optical logic gate scheme using a photonic resonant tunneling device based on a photonic crystal nanocavity. This device exhibits single wavelength bistability due to saturable absorption, which could be used to implement digital logic gates. The document also discusses two wavelength bistable switching and concludes that while optical devices are not yet as fast as electronic ones, emerging photonic crystal technologies may enable faster and more efficient all optical computing.
Determining a person’s physical position in a multi-building indoor space using wifi fingerprinting on UJIIndoor Data Set to construct machine learning models.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
PSO-GSA Tuned Dynamic Allocation in Wireless Video Sensor Networks for IOTIRJET Journal
This document proposes using a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to optimize dynamic channel allocation in wireless video sensor networks for the Internet of Things (IoT). It aims to minimize total path loss by assigning the optimal channel bandwidth to paths between active sensor nodes from a total assigned bandwidth. The proposed approach involves: 1) randomly placing sensor nodes and selecting the best path for each node to a sink node, 2) using PSO-GSA to tune the bandwidth allocation to paths to minimize power consumption, and 3) comparing results to genetic algorithm and GSA optimizations. Simulation results show the hybrid approach achieves lower effective power compared to the other algorithms.
Precision (Indoor) Real Time Location SystemsPeter Batty
This document summarizes an indoor real-time location system (RTLS) using ultrawideband (UWB) technology. It can track tags with 15cm accuracy. The system uses sensors to detect time-of-arrival of UWB signals from tags to determine precise 3D locations. Example applications discussed include tracking assets in manufacturing plants and ports with accuracy better than WiFi and RFID. The system has also been used to track soldiers in military training exercises, track vehicles and tools at BMW, and monitor dairy cows on farms.
IRJET- IoT based Cost-Effective Digital Light MeterIRJET Journal
This document proposes a low-cost, efficient light monitoring system using an ESP8266 board with a BH1750 light sensor from Texas Instruments. The system can measure light intensity levels and connect to WiFi to store the data in the cloud. It uses an inexpensive ESP8266 microcontroller with an integrated TCP/IP stack and WiFi. Light measurements from the BH1750 sensor are taken through an I2C interface and displayed on an OLED screen. The system provides accurate light readings over a wide range at low power for applications in industries and agriculture.
Wireless Data Acquisition System Using ARM Cortex M-3IOSR Journals
The document describes a wireless data acquisition system using an ARM Cortex M-3 processor. The system collects data from gas, humidity, and temperature sensors and transmits the data wirelessly via Bluetooth to a host computer. The host computer uses virtual instrument software to process and display the received data in real-time. The system provides wireless and real-time data collection that can be used in applications like industrial monitoring and mobile meter reading.
The document discusses enhancing indoor localization using IoT techniques. It proposes a framework that uses a quaternion-based extended Kalman filter for heading estimation in pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR), along with low pass filtering and adaptive step length methodology. This approach achieved an average error of 0.16 meters, representing 0.07% of the total 210 meters traveled in experiments. The document also discusses using IoT devices to further improve indoor localization accuracy.
The document discusses bistable digital logic devices for all optical circuits. It begins with background on how optical architectures could replace electrical ones to overcome limitations of Moore's Law. It then introduces an optical logic gate scheme using a photonic resonant tunneling device based on a photonic crystal nanocavity. This device exhibits single wavelength bistability due to saturable absorption, which could be used to implement digital logic gates. The document also discusses two wavelength bistable switching and concludes that while optical devices are not yet as fast as electronic ones, emerging photonic crystal technologies may enable faster and more efficient all optical computing.
Determining a person’s physical position in a multi-building indoor space using wifi fingerprinting on UJIIndoor Data Set to construct machine learning models.
IRJET- Data Transmission for Proximity Devices using Ultrasonic Sound WavesIRJET Journal
This document discusses using ultrasonic sound waves to transmit data between devices for proximity networking applications. It proposes modulating ultrasound in a way that allows for fast, low error data transfer imperceptible to users. The system aims to provide authentication, privacy and control for applications like text chat, online shopping and IOT device monitoring. It describes challenges faced in achieving an effective data rate given limitations of phone speakers/microphones. Results showed text commands could be transferred without wires by enhancing the frequency response of ultrasound between connected devices.
IRJET- An Un-Hackable Security based Software Defined Radio using Wireles...IRJET Journal
This document presents a novel method for securing software defined radios (SDRs) from configuration tampering even if the operating system is compromised. It proposes a "Security Monitor" module that would sit below the operating system and above the hardware to monitor radio parameters. The method aims to improve position and transmission power estimation of unknown wireless devices by introducing a new process for estimating the path loss exponent, which is critical for accuracy. Simulation results showed the proposed method achieved better position estimation accuracy than existing approaches. In summary, the document proposes and simulates a security module for SDRs to prevent parameter tampering and improve wireless device localization.
High precision location tracking technology in ir4.0Journal Papers
1) The document discusses deploying an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) indoor positioning system (IPS) in a manufacturing factory for high-precision location tracking as part of Industry 4.0 initiatives.
2) Key challenges in deploying UWB IPS in a factory environment include radio signal reflections off metal surfaces, ensuring line-of-sight between tags and sensors, and strategic sensor placement and tag wearing.
3) Techniques to improve positioning accuracy include implementing Kalman filtering on position data and considering factors like tag placement, sensor density, and signal obstructions. The UWB IPS framework incorporates hardware, positioning algorithms, and a dashboard interface.
ZigBee technology provides unique features for the deployment of RTLS systems in certain segments and markets. The added possibility of management of all kinds of sensors (temperature, humidity, presence and movement, dangerous gases, electricity consumption,...) and actuators (air conditioning, valves, opening and locking of doors and windows, alarms, control lights and appliances, ... ) enables to provide a complete solution under a single, robust technology
This document briefly describes what is ZigBee, their main characteristics and its implementation as an RTLS system. It includes a description of specific use cases for hotels, supermarkets, healthcare, police, security and vigilance, industry and miners.
In particular describes the n-Core® platform, under ZigBee technology, which supplies a complete development and production environment both for automation services as well for location (RTLS) services.
As always, any comment will be welcome. If you wish to learn more about the n-Core® platform please contact me or send me an email.
Maintain load balancing in wireless sensor networks using virtual grid based ...zaidinvisible
This document summarizes a routing protocol called the Virtual Grid Based Routing Protocol (VGRP) that aims to maximize the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by balancing the data traffic load evenly among sensor nodes. The VGRP splits the sensor field into a grid of equal sized sub-cells and uses clustering and chain techniques to collect sensed data. It is compared to the CFDASC routing protocol through simulation, and results show VGRP outperforms CFDASC in terms of network stability and load balancing. The document provides background on wireless sensor networks and reviews several related grid-based and load balancing routing protocols.
RSA Algorithm as a Data Security Control Mechanism in RFIDIOSR Journals
The document summarizes how RSA encryption can be used as a data security mechanism for RFID tags. It begins with background on RFID and existing security issues like eavesdropping, replay attacks, and cloning attacks. It then provides an overview of the RSA encryption algorithm and gives an example of how it can encrypt a message using a public key and decrypt it with a private key. The proposed solution is to have RFID readers first authenticate tags by having the tag encrypt its password using RSA and the reader decrypting it before transmitting any other data. This prevents unauthorized readers from accessing tag data. The conclusion recommends RSA as a robust approach to mitigate RFID data security issues through use of public and private keys.
IRJET - Enhancing Indoor Mobility for Visually Impaired: A System with Real-T...IRJET Journal
The document presents a system to enhance indoor mobility for visually impaired people using real-time obstacle detection with QR codes and audio feedback. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and QR codes placed in locations to provide context through audio feedback to the user via headphones or speakers. When an obstacle is detected or a QR code is scanned, the microcontroller processes the data and triggers the voice recorder module to provide navigation assistance through audio cues to the user. The goal is to allow visually impaired individuals to safely and independently maneuver indoor environments.
This document summarizes a review of sensor nodes in basic wireless sensor networks, with an emphasis on selecting an appropriate processor. It discusses key factors in sensor network design like fault tolerance, scalability, and power consumption. Sensor nodes typically consist of sensing, processing, transceiver, and power units. Processors must have low power usage, fast wake-up times, clock scaling abilities, and memory architectures suited for interrupts. Common microcontrollers and microprocessors are evaluated based on these criteria to determine the best fit for sensor network applications.
This document summarizes research on improving the performance of a human recognition system called WI-VI that uses Wi-Fi signals to detect moving objects behind walls. It first describes three existing through-wall detection systems - Ultra-Wideband, WI-SEE, and WI-VI - and notes that WI-VI has advantages in being small, low-power, and able to recognize objects up to 8 meters away with 75% accuracy. To improve WI-VI, the document develops an OFDM simulation using MATLAB to reduce peak-to-average power ratio and bit error rate. Results show PAPR is reduced by 1-1.3 dB and 16-QAM modulation achieves better bit error rate
The document discusses an indoor navigation system that uses WiFi positioning to determine a user's location inside a building and provide routing directions. It covers several key aspects:
1. An overview of various indoor positioning technologies including GPS, cellular, infrared, UWB, Bluetooth, and WiFi. WiFi is identified as the preferred approach due to widespread availability and low cost.
2. Details on how WiFi positioning works, including techniques like triangulation, fingerprinting, and considerations of RSSI, MAC addresses, and network details.
3. The system's objectives of indoor positioning, routing, and tracking. It also outlines implementation in models like universities and shopping malls.
4. Additional technical components
Wireless Data Transmission and Acquisition for Alive DetectionIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Wireless sensor network have a broad range of application in the category of detection and monitoring. Data acquisition plays an important role in the field of modern industry control .In any cases remote data should be transferred to monitor center which is far away from the manufacturing field .Traditional data acquisition system by means of wires could not satisfy the requirement,as there is rapid development of embedded system, wireless communication technology and depend on 3G as wireless data transmit terminals will be in use widely in industry. This paper presents a new data acquisition and analyzing system based on 3G technology .In this paper the problem of soldiers is alive or not is considered and a comprehensive framework is proposed for the use of wireless sensor network for real-time jawan’s detection and monitoring . This paper presents a development platform of pulse sensor ,capable of transmitting pulse rate via wireless technology to the control room where the set up has been made to receive these pulse rate data .The device would make the acquisition of pulse data through pulse sensor/heartbeat sensor ,easy to obtain and sent. The goal of work reported in this paper was to build a system to benefit and facilitate relative detection wirelessly. Today is the age of automation and centralized control of processes ,where emphasis is more and more towards coalescing of techniques to form a unifiesd entity that can support itself without much intervention from external agents .Automation eliminates human errors, while achieving better productivity and optimum utilization of resources with lesser requirement of time.With innovative and creative bent of mind, man comes out with solution for every problems.The use of wireless data transmission provided by wearable system is also interesting to avoid wires that could limit the movement of subjects in studies . The goal of work reported in this paper was to build a system to detect and monitor .without much human efforts by using our circuit we can monitor the generating units in alive detection and control the performance automatically.
Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSMpaperpublications3
Abstract: As the LED's lumen efficiency increases rapidly in recent years, many new LED illumination applications are emerging. LEDs have features such as long-life, small and low power consumption. Therefore, they are used in various occasion such as full color large sized LED displays, traffic lights, and etc. In this paper, an energy efficient street lighting system is proposed. The presented system consists of a LED lamp module, which can be controlled from remote location. The proposed remote-control system can optimize intensity and efficiency of street lighting systems. It uses GSM based wireless devices which enable more efficient street lamp-system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture. It uses a sensor combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point by point using GSM Module and is sent to a control terminal used to check the status of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure.A developed prototype system will be presented in this paper and experiments will be performed to verify the correctness of the proposed system. According to the experimental results, the lighting efficiency is 85 % and the conversion efficiency is 90 %.
Keywords: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), IR (Infrared) CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs), IDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network).
Title: Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSM
Author: Kapil Aherkar, Pratik Dongrikar, Nikul Dengda, Sukrit Bhattacharya
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET - Gesture based Robot with Victim Detection using AudioIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed robot system that can detect victims trapped in rubble after natural disasters. The robot would be controlled through gestures detected by an accelerometer on a glove. It would use audio processing techniques like band-pass filtering and keyword spotting with a deep neural network to detect human voices amid background noises. If it recognizes a keyword, it would use its onboard GNSS module to locate the victim and record or transmit their coordinates to aid rescue efforts.
9 Aab32 Dd Bdb9 137 E Ca2184 F057753212 154710guestbd2263
The document proposes a new scheme for secure communication in fiber optic systems using broadband optical noise. In the scheme, Alice and Bob receive identical replicas of a truly random broadband optical noise signal. They extract identical random binary sequences from the noise to use as an encryption key. The key is distributed through the use of identical optical scramblers by Alice and Bob, whose structures are not known to an eavesdropper Eve. The scheme allows for high data rates like conventional fiber systems and can be integrated into existing infrastructure.
This document discusses constrained passive tracking using wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and target tracking. It then describes the proposed system for passive tracking using a wireless sensor network. The system includes initializing the network, forming clusters using K-medoids clustering, creating an object to track, determining the sensor node nearest to the object, gathering information from sensors to the base station, and analyzing the results. It discusses the K-medoids clustering and Kalman filtering algorithms used for clustering and tracking, respectively. The document provides an example of applying the K-medoids algorithm to cluster a sample dataset.
Design and implementation smart home alarm system with zigbee transceiverzaidinvisible
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and implemented a smart home alarm system using Zigbee wireless technology. The system uses an Arduino microcontroller as the central controller connected to various sensor nodes to monitor temperature, gas levels, and security using an infrared sensor. The sensor data is transmitted wirelessly between the nodes and controller using XBee Zigbee modules. The system provides remote monitoring capabilities and was tested to work effectively with a simple and achievable design that could be used to monitor and control smart home devices.
IRJET= Air Writing: Gesture Recognition using Ultrasound Sensors and Grid-Eye...IRJET Journal
This document presents a method for recognizing gestures using ultrasound sensors and infrared array sensors. Two ultrasound sensor pairs are used to capture hand motion in vertical and horizontal directions. An infrared Grid-Eye sensor is used to trigger the ultrasound sensors when a hand gesture is detected. The sensors capture data on the distance and movement of the hand. This data is preprocessed and extracted into features representing the average and count of upward and downward motions. An artificial neural network with two hidden layers is trained on these features to classify gestures for two letters, achieving an accuracy of 83%. The proposed method aims to provide a contactless gesture recognition system without some of the disadvantages of vision-based techniques.
Real time approach of piezo actuated beam for wireless seismic measurement us...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Piezo-actuated beam is used for wireless seismic measurement and indication using Lab VIEW. Principle of piezoelectric materials
has been utilized here i.e. Piezoelectric materials deform when a voltage is applied to them and inversely will produce a voltage when
they are deformed. For this reason, they can be used as both sensors and actuators. Here, Lab VIEW 2013 version, NI ELVIS
(Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite) and Bluetooth device connected with PC has been utilized for acquiring and
indicating vibration. The developed design is expected to be used universally for measuring seismic waves and also in Industrial
applications for the measurement of micro vibration.
Keywords: Seismic measurement, Lab VIEW, wireless communication
Scheduling for interference mitigation using enhanced intercell interference ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Deployment of low power base station (pico) in macro cell is a key for providing high data rates. Cell range expansion is one of the features of LTE-advanced where low power base station in a heterogeneous network can increase their coverage area and neighboring cells can offload users to low power base station to reduce overload in macro cell. This presents a very challenging multi-user communication problem. Co-channel deployed Het-Net will experience interference between pico and macro. The main challenge of pico cells embedded into a macro cell is to let more users profit from the additional bandwidth introduced into the network. Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) has been introduced to solve interference problem. Scheduling for eICIC is used to provide best solution for interference mitigation, overload in macro cell, fairness in resource usage by users. In this paper we have analyzed Round Robin scheduling for eICIC, results prove that fairness is maintained between users and throughput has been improved. Key Words: LTE - Long term Evolution, UE - User Equipment, eNB – eNodeB.
Design of self powered embedded wireless smart camera using multimodal video ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Este documento presenta el diplomado en competencias que se llevará a cabo en Manizales, Colombia. El objetivo general es construir herramientas para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje basados en la teoría de las competencias. Se detallan los objetivos específicos, metas, forma de trabajo, fechas de los seminarios y aspectos de la evaluación. El diplomado se centrará en reflexionar y aplicar el enfoque de competencias a los procesos educativos.
IRJET- Data Transmission for Proximity Devices using Ultrasonic Sound WavesIRJET Journal
This document discusses using ultrasonic sound waves to transmit data between devices for proximity networking applications. It proposes modulating ultrasound in a way that allows for fast, low error data transfer imperceptible to users. The system aims to provide authentication, privacy and control for applications like text chat, online shopping and IOT device monitoring. It describes challenges faced in achieving an effective data rate given limitations of phone speakers/microphones. Results showed text commands could be transferred without wires by enhancing the frequency response of ultrasound between connected devices.
IRJET- An Un-Hackable Security based Software Defined Radio using Wireles...IRJET Journal
This document presents a novel method for securing software defined radios (SDRs) from configuration tampering even if the operating system is compromised. It proposes a "Security Monitor" module that would sit below the operating system and above the hardware to monitor radio parameters. The method aims to improve position and transmission power estimation of unknown wireless devices by introducing a new process for estimating the path loss exponent, which is critical for accuracy. Simulation results showed the proposed method achieved better position estimation accuracy than existing approaches. In summary, the document proposes and simulates a security module for SDRs to prevent parameter tampering and improve wireless device localization.
High precision location tracking technology in ir4.0Journal Papers
1) The document discusses deploying an Ultra-Wideband (UWB) indoor positioning system (IPS) in a manufacturing factory for high-precision location tracking as part of Industry 4.0 initiatives.
2) Key challenges in deploying UWB IPS in a factory environment include radio signal reflections off metal surfaces, ensuring line-of-sight between tags and sensors, and strategic sensor placement and tag wearing.
3) Techniques to improve positioning accuracy include implementing Kalman filtering on position data and considering factors like tag placement, sensor density, and signal obstructions. The UWB IPS framework incorporates hardware, positioning algorithms, and a dashboard interface.
ZigBee technology provides unique features for the deployment of RTLS systems in certain segments and markets. The added possibility of management of all kinds of sensors (temperature, humidity, presence and movement, dangerous gases, electricity consumption,...) and actuators (air conditioning, valves, opening and locking of doors and windows, alarms, control lights and appliances, ... ) enables to provide a complete solution under a single, robust technology
This document briefly describes what is ZigBee, their main characteristics and its implementation as an RTLS system. It includes a description of specific use cases for hotels, supermarkets, healthcare, police, security and vigilance, industry and miners.
In particular describes the n-Core® platform, under ZigBee technology, which supplies a complete development and production environment both for automation services as well for location (RTLS) services.
As always, any comment will be welcome. If you wish to learn more about the n-Core® platform please contact me or send me an email.
Maintain load balancing in wireless sensor networks using virtual grid based ...zaidinvisible
This document summarizes a routing protocol called the Virtual Grid Based Routing Protocol (VGRP) that aims to maximize the lifetime of wireless sensor networks by balancing the data traffic load evenly among sensor nodes. The VGRP splits the sensor field into a grid of equal sized sub-cells and uses clustering and chain techniques to collect sensed data. It is compared to the CFDASC routing protocol through simulation, and results show VGRP outperforms CFDASC in terms of network stability and load balancing. The document provides background on wireless sensor networks and reviews several related grid-based and load balancing routing protocols.
RSA Algorithm as a Data Security Control Mechanism in RFIDIOSR Journals
The document summarizes how RSA encryption can be used as a data security mechanism for RFID tags. It begins with background on RFID and existing security issues like eavesdropping, replay attacks, and cloning attacks. It then provides an overview of the RSA encryption algorithm and gives an example of how it can encrypt a message using a public key and decrypt it with a private key. The proposed solution is to have RFID readers first authenticate tags by having the tag encrypt its password using RSA and the reader decrypting it before transmitting any other data. This prevents unauthorized readers from accessing tag data. The conclusion recommends RSA as a robust approach to mitigate RFID data security issues through use of public and private keys.
IRJET - Enhancing Indoor Mobility for Visually Impaired: A System with Real-T...IRJET Journal
The document presents a system to enhance indoor mobility for visually impaired people using real-time obstacle detection with QR codes and audio feedback. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and QR codes placed in locations to provide context through audio feedback to the user via headphones or speakers. When an obstacle is detected or a QR code is scanned, the microcontroller processes the data and triggers the voice recorder module to provide navigation assistance through audio cues to the user. The goal is to allow visually impaired individuals to safely and independently maneuver indoor environments.
This document summarizes a review of sensor nodes in basic wireless sensor networks, with an emphasis on selecting an appropriate processor. It discusses key factors in sensor network design like fault tolerance, scalability, and power consumption. Sensor nodes typically consist of sensing, processing, transceiver, and power units. Processors must have low power usage, fast wake-up times, clock scaling abilities, and memory architectures suited for interrupts. Common microcontrollers and microprocessors are evaluated based on these criteria to determine the best fit for sensor network applications.
This document summarizes research on improving the performance of a human recognition system called WI-VI that uses Wi-Fi signals to detect moving objects behind walls. It first describes three existing through-wall detection systems - Ultra-Wideband, WI-SEE, and WI-VI - and notes that WI-VI has advantages in being small, low-power, and able to recognize objects up to 8 meters away with 75% accuracy. To improve WI-VI, the document develops an OFDM simulation using MATLAB to reduce peak-to-average power ratio and bit error rate. Results show PAPR is reduced by 1-1.3 dB and 16-QAM modulation achieves better bit error rate
The document discusses an indoor navigation system that uses WiFi positioning to determine a user's location inside a building and provide routing directions. It covers several key aspects:
1. An overview of various indoor positioning technologies including GPS, cellular, infrared, UWB, Bluetooth, and WiFi. WiFi is identified as the preferred approach due to widespread availability and low cost.
2. Details on how WiFi positioning works, including techniques like triangulation, fingerprinting, and considerations of RSSI, MAC addresses, and network details.
3. The system's objectives of indoor positioning, routing, and tracking. It also outlines implementation in models like universities and shopping malls.
4. Additional technical components
Wireless Data Transmission and Acquisition for Alive DetectionIJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Wireless sensor network have a broad range of application in the category of detection and monitoring. Data acquisition plays an important role in the field of modern industry control .In any cases remote data should be transferred to monitor center which is far away from the manufacturing field .Traditional data acquisition system by means of wires could not satisfy the requirement,as there is rapid development of embedded system, wireless communication technology and depend on 3G as wireless data transmit terminals will be in use widely in industry. This paper presents a new data acquisition and analyzing system based on 3G technology .In this paper the problem of soldiers is alive or not is considered and a comprehensive framework is proposed for the use of wireless sensor network for real-time jawan’s detection and monitoring . This paper presents a development platform of pulse sensor ,capable of transmitting pulse rate via wireless technology to the control room where the set up has been made to receive these pulse rate data .The device would make the acquisition of pulse data through pulse sensor/heartbeat sensor ,easy to obtain and sent. The goal of work reported in this paper was to build a system to benefit and facilitate relative detection wirelessly. Today is the age of automation and centralized control of processes ,where emphasis is more and more towards coalescing of techniques to form a unifiesd entity that can support itself without much intervention from external agents .Automation eliminates human errors, while achieving better productivity and optimum utilization of resources with lesser requirement of time.With innovative and creative bent of mind, man comes out with solution for every problems.The use of wireless data transmission provided by wearable system is also interesting to avoid wires that could limit the movement of subjects in studies . The goal of work reported in this paper was to build a system to detect and monitor .without much human efforts by using our circuit we can monitor the generating units in alive detection and control the performance automatically.
Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSMpaperpublications3
Abstract: As the LED's lumen efficiency increases rapidly in recent years, many new LED illumination applications are emerging. LEDs have features such as long-life, small and low power consumption. Therefore, they are used in various occasion such as full color large sized LED displays, traffic lights, and etc. In this paper, an energy efficient street lighting system is proposed. The presented system consists of a LED lamp module, which can be controlled from remote location. The proposed remote-control system can optimize intensity and efficiency of street lighting systems. It uses GSM based wireless devices which enable more efficient street lamp-system management, thanks to an advanced interface and control architecture. It uses a sensor combination to control and guarantee the desired system parameters; the information is transferred point by point using GSM Module and is sent to a control terminal used to check the status of the street lamps and to take appropriate measures in case of failure.A developed prototype system will be presented in this paper and experiments will be performed to verify the correctness of the proposed system. According to the experimental results, the lighting efficiency is 85 % and the conversion efficiency is 90 %.
Keywords: WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), IR (Infrared) CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs), IDEN (Integrated Digital Enhanced Network).
Title: Modern Street Lightening System with Intensity Control using GSM
Author: Kapil Aherkar, Pratik Dongrikar, Nikul Dengda, Sukrit Bhattacharya
ISSN 2349-7815
International Journal of Recent Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJRREEE)
Paper Publications
IRJET - Gesture based Robot with Victim Detection using AudioIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed robot system that can detect victims trapped in rubble after natural disasters. The robot would be controlled through gestures detected by an accelerometer on a glove. It would use audio processing techniques like band-pass filtering and keyword spotting with a deep neural network to detect human voices amid background noises. If it recognizes a keyword, it would use its onboard GNSS module to locate the victim and record or transmit their coordinates to aid rescue efforts.
9 Aab32 Dd Bdb9 137 E Ca2184 F057753212 154710guestbd2263
The document proposes a new scheme for secure communication in fiber optic systems using broadband optical noise. In the scheme, Alice and Bob receive identical replicas of a truly random broadband optical noise signal. They extract identical random binary sequences from the noise to use as an encryption key. The key is distributed through the use of identical optical scramblers by Alice and Bob, whose structures are not known to an eavesdropper Eve. The scheme allows for high data rates like conventional fiber systems and can be integrated into existing infrastructure.
This document discusses constrained passive tracking using wireless sensor networks. It begins with an introduction to wireless sensor networks and target tracking. It then describes the proposed system for passive tracking using a wireless sensor network. The system includes initializing the network, forming clusters using K-medoids clustering, creating an object to track, determining the sensor node nearest to the object, gathering information from sensors to the base station, and analyzing the results. It discusses the K-medoids clustering and Kalman filtering algorithms used for clustering and tracking, respectively. The document provides an example of applying the K-medoids algorithm to cluster a sample dataset.
Design and implementation smart home alarm system with zigbee transceiverzaidinvisible
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Abstract
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they are deformed. For this reason, they can be used as both sensors and actuators. Here, Lab VIEW 2013 version, NI ELVIS
(Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite) and Bluetooth device connected with PC has been utilized for acquiring and
indicating vibration. The developed design is expected to be used universally for measuring seismic waves and also in Industrial
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IRJET- Development of Data Transmission using Smart Sensing Technology for St...IRJET Journal
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IRJET- Smart Blind Stick for Visually Impaired PeopleIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart blind stick that uses various sensors to help visually impaired people navigate safely. The stick contains an ATmega8 microcontroller, ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles, a moisture sensor to detect water, and a PIR sensor to detect humans. When obstacles are near, the microcontroller sends a signal to a Bluetooth module connected to a smartphone via an Android app. This allows the system to provide navigation assistance and help avoid dangers using sensors. The goal is to enable the visually impaired to move with greater ease, confidence and independence than with a traditional white cane.
Localization of wireless sensor networkIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a range-free localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks called TSBMCL (Temporary-Seed Based Monte Carlo Localization) that uses the Monte Carlo method. It discusses how TSBMCL works in two main parts: 1) voting for temporary anchor nodes from localized nodes, and 2) using the temporary anchors to aid localization of other nodes. The algorithm is shown to improve localization accuracy over the MCB algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that TSBMCL reduces localization failure rates and requires fewer sampling particles than standard Monte Carlo localization methods. In conclusion, TSBMCL provides an accurate and efficient range-free localization scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks.
Desing on wireless intelligent seneor network on cloud computing system for s...csandit
Sensors on (or attached to) mobile phones can enable attractive sensing applications in
different domains such as environmental monitoring, social networking, healthcare, etc. In this
paper we propose a cloud computing system dedicated on smart home applications. We design
the proposed wireless vision sensor network (WVSN) with its algorithm and hardware
implementation. In WVSN, The partial-vision camera strategy is applied to allocate the
computation task between the sensor node and the central server. Then we propose a high
performance segmentation algorithm. Meanwhile, an efficient binary data compression method
is proposed to cope with the result on labeling information. The proposed algorithm can provide
high precision rate for the smart home applications such as the gesture recognition and
humanoid tracking. To realize the physical system, we implement it on the embedded platform
and the central server with their transmission work
Design of a wsn platform for long term environmental monitoring for iot appli...Ecwaytech
This document presents the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN) platform for long-term environmental monitoring Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed system uses a WSN as it allows for long-range communication and high accuracy from various environmental sensors. Information collected from sensors is transmitted to a Zigbee transceiver. The system considers requirements for low cost, long lifetime, low maintenance, and high quality of service. It aims to provide immediate updating of environmental information for IoT representation.
Design of a wsn platform for long term environmental monitoring for iot appli...Ecwayt
This document discusses the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN) platform for long-term environmental monitoring Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed system uses WSN as it allows for long range communication and accuracy with different sensors to monitor the environment. Information is transmitted to a zigbee transreceiver. The hardware requirements include a microcontroller, zigbee module, sensors, and power supply. The software requirements are Keil IDE and Flash Magic.
Design of a wsn platform for long term environmental monitoring for iot appli...Ecwayt
This document discusses the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN) platform for long-term environmental monitoring Internet of Things (IoT) applications. The proposed system uses WSN as it allows for long range communication and accuracy with different sensors to monitor the environment. Information is transmitted to a zigbee transreceiver. The hardware requirements include a microcontroller, zigbee module, sensors, and power supply. The software requirements are Keil IDE and Flash Magic.
This document describes an intelligent wireless video monitoring system that uses computer vision. The system includes infrared sensors to detect movement near restricted areas, which triggers a stepper motor to rotate a camera toward the detected movement. Video images are transmitted wirelessly via an AM transmitter. The system is designed to be portable and allow maximum surveillance area with one camera. It has applications for border security, sensitive labs, and military zones. Future work could add facial recognition and integrate other sensor inputs to provide richer situation awareness.
Similar to International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) (20)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
1. I nternational Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8
A Novel Light-Sensor-Based Information Transmission System for
Outdoor tracking tothe Indoor Positioning system
1
Dr.Shaik Meeravali, 2S.VenkataSekhar
Depart ment of Electronics and Co mmunication Engineering,
RRS Co llege of Engineering and Technology, Muthan gi,
Faculty of Electronics and Co mmunication Engineering,
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological Un iversity, Hyderabad, India
Abstract
The objective of this project describes a novel light-sensor-basedInformation transmission system for indoor positioning
andNavigationwith particular benefits for mob ile and wearable co mputers. It canseamlessly extend outdoor GPS tracking tothe
indoor environment.In a novel manner, fluorescent lightis used as the mediumto transmit information. The userreceives the
encoded light informat ion through a photoreceiver. The information ispassed into the wearable or mobile computer after the data
aredecoded. This informat ion allows positioning informat ion to be given to indoor mobile and wearable co mputers.The
proposedsystem can be used in indoor guidance and navigation applications.An embedded system is a comb ination of software
and hardware to perform a dedicated task.Some of the main devices used in embedded products are Microprocessors and
Microcontrollers.
Microprocessors are commonly referred to as general purpose processors as they simp ly accept the inputs, process it
and give the output.Itusing PIC16F72, PIC16F877A microcontroller is an exclusive project which is used to find the position
identification for the different blocks in the organization by using the Zigbee module. This info rmation is provided by the GPS
with the help of the data it receives fro m the satellites.
Index Terms—Aug mented reality (AR), electronic ballast, fluorescentlamp, navigation, wearab le co mputer.
I. Introduction
MOBILE or wearable co mputers and augmented realitytechnology are finding applications in human positionguidance
and navigation [1]. Co mmonly, GPS sensors havewidely been used with these interactive technologies for navigationand
positioning. For example, GPS-based positioningfor wearable co mputers has been used in the applicationof outdoor augmented
reality (AR).AR merges virtual objects or text informat ion into a realenvironment and displays this combination in real time.
Unlikev irtual environ ments , AR supplements reality, rather than completelyreplacing it. This property makes AR particu larly
wellsuited as a tool to aid the user’s perception of and interactionwith the real wo rld. The info rmation conveyed by the
virtualobjects helps a user perform real-world tasks.Although AR technology combined with wearable GPS is mature, t he
informat ion transmission method for wearable GPScannot provide informat ion indoors or in crowded urban areas since the
signals from the satellite would be shielded by thearmored concrete structure of the building. One might instead use active
badges or beacon architectures, but installing and maintaining such systems involves substantial effort and high expense. Hen ce,
indoor tracking system develop ment becomes useful to seamles sly extend outdoor tracking into indoors. Some fo rms of indoor
positioning, such as magnetic and ultrasonic sensing, are also available, but they are normally for a short range and expensi ve
and require complex hardware installations. Thus, there is a prob lem that such commercially availab le sensing systems for
indoor tracking of mobile and wearable co mputers are accurate but impractical and expensive for wide areas .
This project aim is to identifying the different blocks in the organization by using the Zigbee module. And the emp loyer
can be able to find where the employee in the organization. All the mult inational companies are having more than 50 blocks in a
single building those are working for different projects. So it is difficult to find by the new emp loyee to know which b lock is
belongs to which category. For this we are going to develop a new project which is apt for the new employee’s to know the
different blocks in the organization.
II. Comparison with Other Systems
To extend GPS data for indoor applications, some researchers used computer-vision-based tracking algorith ms to
perform the tracking. For instance, put fiducialmarkerson the walls and used a marker -based tracking algorith m fo rindoor
tracking of a mobile user. Although this kind of trackingis only software based and there is no need for any specialhardware,
except for the paper markers, if we want to use thismethod, we need to have many different markers and put themin every place
to cover the whole area, and in the state of artin computer vision tracking systems, we can detect less than100 markers at the
same time. Furthermore, all the markersmust be predefined for the users, and the user’s mobile devicemust know which position
each marker is located, which is notpractical when the user arrives to a new building.
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2. I nternational Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8
Other proposed methods for indoor tracking aremainly basedon ultrasound, radio frequency, and IR. In addition to these
technologies, because of the popularity of wireless networks inrecent years, many works have been done to infer the locationof a
wireless client based on Wi-Fi technology on the IEEE802.11 standard. For instance, the Finnish company Ekahau has
developed a software-basedWi-Fi location technology.In their system, they only need three wireless stations for theircalculat ion,
and the rests are done in software. Although eachtechnology has its own advantages and disadvantages, in general,there is a
tradeoff between the accuracy of the tracking andthe total cost of the system. For example, ultrasound trackingcan be highly
accurate, such as the IS-900 system developed bythe Intersense Company, with a price of over 15 000 USD,or it can be designed
in a cheap way like the system proposed by Randell and Muller, wh ich costs about 150 USD withan accuracy of 10– 25 cm. In
Table I, we listed the cost andaccuracy of different indoor tracking systems in co mparisonwith our system. As can be seen in this
table, the proposedsystem has the lowest tracking performance (on the order ofoutdoor GPS), but it is the cheapest one as well.
As a result, oursystem is not suitable for applicat ions that need highly accuratetracking, such as virtual reality applications, and
because it is one of the cheapest methods for indoor tracking, it is a goodcandidate for applications such as navigation and
guidance(which does not need highly accurate tracking).
In comparison with different technologies for indoor tracking , the proposed system is similar to IR tracking systems such as the
method used in [14], wh ich used an IR tracking systemin an AR applicat ion.
Cost in USD Accuracy Technology
Intersense IS Over15000 1mm Ultrasound
900
Randell’s 150 10-25cm Ultrasound
system
Ekahau 100-200 1m Wi-Fi
Proposed Less than 10 3-4 m light
system
III. Hardware System Design
In this section, we will outline the hardware system used forconstructing novel and economical navigation and
positioningsystems using fluorescent lamps. The whole system is dividedinto two parts: the transmitter and the receiver. The
transmittersends out messages encoded by the fluorescent light whoseflicking is imperceptible to hu man vision, while t he
receiverdetects the light using a photo-detector.
In the transmitter section, in formation can be encoded intothe light through arc frequency variation [see Fig. 1(a)].
Here,we use a fluorescent lamp for our system since, first, it is highlyused in office build ings and, second, nowadays, it is
triggeredby electronic ballast circuits, so there is no need to design acostly circuit for controlling the arc frequency of the
lamp,and by simp le modifications on the current widely cheap andavailable circu it, we can furnish our goal.We add a simp le
lowcostmicrocontroller chip to control the light frequency fro m 35 to 40 kHz.
The receiver circuit [Fig. 1(b)], with a photodetector detectingthe fluore scent light, processes the data that are
eventuallyfed into the wearable computer. With the information received,the wearable co mputer can tell the user what the
surroundingsituation is.
In the rest of this section, we detail our t ransmitter andreceiver circuits, and then,we exp lain the wearable
computersystem in terms of how the receiver and other components areintegrated together.
A. Transmitter Circuit
The hardware for the developed transmitter is shown inFig.2, and the schematic circuit diagram is depicted in Fig.3.As
shown in this figure, the electronic ballast circuit used for the transmission purpose consists of three parts: the ac–dc rectifier,t he
dc–ac converter (inverter), and the resonant filter circu it.
||Issn 2250-3005(online) || ||December||2012|| Page 121
3. I nternational Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8
Fig: 1Simple schematic scheme of the system. (a) Transceiver. (b) Recei ver.
A Novel Light-Sensor-Based Information Transmission
System for Indoor Positioning and Navigation
1. Transmitter section
Regulated power supply
Zigbee RS 232 LCD driver
Interfacing
GPS RS 232
LCD
Receiver interfacing
Micro display
controller
Reset
LED indicators
Crystal Oscillator
Fig 2: Bl ock diagram of transmitter section
Fig 3: Trans mitter hardware.
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4. I nternational Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8
Fig 4: Schematic di agram of transmitter section
B. Recei ver Circuit
The receiver detects the fluorescent light and transforms theanalog signals to the digital ones that can be sent to the
user’s mobile/wearable device. Fig. 5 shows the block diagrams of thereceiver part with a wearable co mputer. The core part of
this receiver system is the receiver circuit, wh ich is shown in Fig. 6. As can b e seen in Fig. 5, the main parts of the receiver
circuit are as follows:
a) B andpassfilter:
The bandpass filter is designed to removenoise that is received together with the Manchester-codedinformat ion in the light.
b) Zero-crossing detector:Th is block converts the analoginput signal to digital signal. Note that only the frequency of the signal
contains information and not itsamplitude.
c) Phase-locked loop (PLL):
This block converts the incoming dig ital signal to an analog voltage proportional to thefrequ ency of incoming signal.
A Novel Light-Sensor-Based Information Transmission
System for Indoor Positioning and Navigation
2. Receiver
Regulated power supply
Push RS 232 Zigbee
Buttons Interfacing
Reset Micro
controller
Crystal Oscillator LED indicators
Fig 5: Bl ock diagram of recei ver section
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5. I nternational Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8
Fig 6: Recei ver hardware.
Fig 7: Schematic di agram of recei ver section.
IV.EXPERIMENTS OFS YSTEMAPPLICATIONS AND RES ULTS
In the previous sections, we discussed the hardware of the indoor navigation system in detail. The indoor system can seamlessly
be activated by simp ly switching fro m the tra-dit ional outdoor GPS system to this indoor system.a GPS signal is no longer
received, a fluorescent lamp data code is sought after by the wearab le computer. The data codes of the fluorescent lamp are
directly t ied to a GPS position relat ive to the outdoor GPS read ing. Thus, the indoor fluorescent lamp position is direction
correlated to an outdoor GPS position.
Fig. 9 shows the transition fro m the outdoor environment to the indoors and the screenshots on the HMD at the user’s different
positions (outdoor and indoors), and Fig. 9 shows the selected screenshots at outdoor and indoor locations. The messages and
informat ion appear on the left bottom corner of the HMD, which does not affect the user’s eyesight range, providing the user
with real-t ime environ mental informat ion. Fig. 10 presents the data flow of the proposed indoor tracking system.
What is more, in the large urban indoor environment, a 3-D digital map stored on the wearable computer can be
developed to display on the HMD. The user exactly knowshis or her location by watching his or her place on the map,with the
position recognized by the fluorescent light tracking system.
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6. I nternational Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8
Fig 9: Selected screenshots from the HMD when a user is at outdoor and indoor locations
The project “A Novel Light-Sensor-B ased Information Transmission System for Indoor Positioning and Navigation” was
designed such that to identifying the different blocks in the organ izat ion by using the Zigbee and GPS modules.The locations are
displayed on LCD when the person reaches those particular locations.Main Applications, This system can be used by blind
people in order to know the present location.The system can also be used for tracking the locations
Fig 10(a): Indoor tracking displ ay
Fig 10(b): Indoor tracking displ ay
VI. Conclusion And Future Works
This paper has addressed the problem of enabling economical indoor tracking systems, which are similar to GPS,
available with seamless transition function fro m outdoor GPS tracking environment to indoor. We have focused on the task of
indoor navigation and positioning, where the particular aspect of the user’s state that is of interest is the user’s physical location.
Byusing an economical light sensor to build this indoor tracking system, we have been able to infer the user’s location in
anindoor environment. For examp le, we can put the system on both sides of the doors of each room in a building; then, a user
will receive the proper data by entering or leaving the roo m.
When data, which are encoded in the fluorescent light, is receivedby the receiver and analyzed by the wearable
computer, it will provide location and navigation messages. Specifically, this light -sensor-based navigation and tracking system
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7. I nternational Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue. 8
is robust and much cheaper than those using electromagnetic ultrasonic sensors. Furthermore, the receiver circu it is light an d
small, and it can be well suited to wearable computer applications. Aside from thetechnical achieve ments of our work to date, it
is significantto point out that the application of this system provides an innovative and economical form o f indoor positioni ng
and navigation method. It must be noted though that the proposed system has limited bandwidth and is therefore more suitable
for transmitting text messages to the user’s wearable co mputer rather than images or graphics.
Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been developed in it. Presence of every module has been
reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s with
the help of growing technology, the project has been successfully implemented. Thus the project has been successfully designe d
and tested.
The project “A Novel Light-Sensor-Based Information Transmission System for Indoor Positioning and Navigation” is
mainly intended to alert the person through location names displayed on LCD when he enters into a particular location by usin g
GPS and Zigbee module. This system consists of a GPS receiver, Zigbee modules which are interfaced to the micro controller.
The location names are displayed on LCD. The micro controller is programmed in such a way that depending on the satellite
informat ion of location the predefined location name will be announced and also displays on the LCD and also GPS receiver.
This project can be extended using high efficiency GPS receiver and a GSM module. The GSM module g ives the
intimation of the person with this system through SMS.
REFERENCES
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[4] B. Thomas, B. Close, J. Donoghue, J. Squires, P. D. Bondi, and W. Piekarski, “First person indoor/outdoor augmented
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[5] T. Caudell and D. Mizell, “Augmented reality: An application of heads -up display technology to manual manufacturing
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[6] A.R.Gold ing and N.Lesh,“Indoor navigation using a diverse set of cheap, wearable sensors,” in Proc. 3rd Int. Symp.
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AUTHORS DETAILS:
FIRST AUTHOUR:
Dr. S HAIK MEERAVALI,
Professor and Head, Depart ment of Electronics and Co mmunicat ion Engg, RRS College of Engineering and Technology,
Muthangi, Andhra Pradesh, India.
SECOND AUTHOUR:
S. VENKATA S EKHAR, Post Graduate Student,
Depart ment of Electronics and Communication Engg, RRS College of Engineering and Technology, Muthangi, Patancheru,
Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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