Nowadays, vehicular accidents have been increasing from day to day. Most of them are the cause of over speeding. This thesis describes the Arduino based vehicle speed detection system using Doppler radar. The primary goal of this system is to design of the vehicle speed detector using Doppler radar which is used to reduce the amount of accidents caused by over speeding. In this system, continuous wave CW Doppler radar which is a special case that only provides a velocity output is used as a sensor and the microcontroller is used to calculate the speed of the vehicle. Moreover, the amplifier is used to amplify the voltage level to drive the microcontroller as the sensor output is in micro volts. It is also included LCD display to indicate the speed level. A Doppler radar that can determine the frequency shift that occurs in electromagnetic waves due to the motion of scatters toward or away from the observer through measurement of the phase change that occurs in electromagnetic waves during a series of pulses. The Doppler frequency is negative for objects receding from the radar. The Doppler frequency is positive for objects approaching the radar. This system can be acceptable in real time applications because it is independent of temperature, humidity, noise airflow, dust, light, etc. The results of design are tested and follow through realization. Each of the implementation is evaluated and these evaluations lead to the conclusion that the design is able to achieve high accuracy of the speed. The major components of the design are Doppler radar HB100 , Arduino Uno, LCD display and LM324. C programming language is developed in this system. The results of this work can improve the performance of automobile safety system. May Zin Tun | Kay Thwe Zin "Implementation of Doppler Radar-Based Vehicle Speed Detection System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26653.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26653/implementation-of-doppler-radar-based-vehicle-speed-detection-system/may-zin-tun
While driving on highways, motorists should not exceed the maximum speed limit permitted for their vehicle. This speed checker will come handy for the highway traffic police as it will not only provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s speed but also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the highway.
automatic railway gate control system using arduinoantivirusspam
The objective of this project is to manage the control system of railway gate using the arduino. When train arrives at the sensing point alarm is triggered at the railway crossing point so that the people get intimation that gate is going to be closed. Then the control system activates and closes the gate on either side of the track once the train crosses the other end control system automatically lifts the gate.
Environment pollution is one of the core problems which is hampering the natural inhabitants. The most common examples of environment pollutions are massive emissions of Carbon-dioxide (CO2) gas, smoke from chimneys, which basically fall under Air pollution, and then there are also Sound pollution and Water pollution which adds to the list. In our project, the main objective is the measurement of the pollutants in nature and store the data in a “Cloud Server” which would be integrated with Raspberry pi so that, anyone can have access to read the data of various parameters which are responsible for environment pollution using laptops, computers, smartphones or any kind of smart devices through the internet.
• Why Important?
It is important for us to keep track of the pollution levels because once they cross the safe limits, it will be detrimental to our surroundings. Moreover, Dhaka is one of the most populated cities around the world, and this is why this measurement of Environment Pollution will come in handy as the system we are setting up will collect data and send it to store them in a cloud which would be sent to the authorities so that they can take the measures to control the damage.
• Utility (Service)
Cloud IoT platforms provides several kinds of services that are very useful. Cloud data storage system enables users to store data sent from different boards (like Arduino or Raspberry pi). The data can be accessed from anywhere around the world, so that they can be analyzed later for future purposes. The data collected is a real time scenario, so that people can see it on the website the condition of the environment by seeing the data and the responsible authority can compare these at different locations.
In our work so far, we have used Arduino, which is an open source electronic platform based on easy-to-hardware and software. Arduino boards can read inputs from a sensor and turn them into outputs by obeying the set of instructions given to the microcontroller on the board. This has been achieved by using the Arduino programming language and Arduino programming software.
The sole purpose of using Arduino as a medium and not directly send it to the cloud using Raspberry pi is because the sensors in Arduino are analogue but, raspberry pi has all digital ports. Arduino has both digital and analogue pins.
While driving on highways, motorists should not exceed the maximum speed limit permitted for their vehicle. This speed checker will come handy for the highway traffic police as it will not only provide a digital display in accordance with a vehicle’s speed but also sound an alarm if the vehicle exceeds the permissible speed for the highway.
automatic railway gate control system using arduinoantivirusspam
The objective of this project is to manage the control system of railway gate using the arduino. When train arrives at the sensing point alarm is triggered at the railway crossing point so that the people get intimation that gate is going to be closed. Then the control system activates and closes the gate on either side of the track once the train crosses the other end control system automatically lifts the gate.
Environment pollution is one of the core problems which is hampering the natural inhabitants. The most common examples of environment pollutions are massive emissions of Carbon-dioxide (CO2) gas, smoke from chimneys, which basically fall under Air pollution, and then there are also Sound pollution and Water pollution which adds to the list. In our project, the main objective is the measurement of the pollutants in nature and store the data in a “Cloud Server” which would be integrated with Raspberry pi so that, anyone can have access to read the data of various parameters which are responsible for environment pollution using laptops, computers, smartphones or any kind of smart devices through the internet.
• Why Important?
It is important for us to keep track of the pollution levels because once they cross the safe limits, it will be detrimental to our surroundings. Moreover, Dhaka is one of the most populated cities around the world, and this is why this measurement of Environment Pollution will come in handy as the system we are setting up will collect data and send it to store them in a cloud which would be sent to the authorities so that they can take the measures to control the damage.
• Utility (Service)
Cloud IoT platforms provides several kinds of services that are very useful. Cloud data storage system enables users to store data sent from different boards (like Arduino or Raspberry pi). The data can be accessed from anywhere around the world, so that they can be analyzed later for future purposes. The data collected is a real time scenario, so that people can see it on the website the condition of the environment by seeing the data and the responsible authority can compare these at different locations.
In our work so far, we have used Arduino, which is an open source electronic platform based on easy-to-hardware and software. Arduino boards can read inputs from a sensor and turn them into outputs by obeying the set of instructions given to the microcontroller on the board. This has been achieved by using the Arduino programming language and Arduino programming software.
The sole purpose of using Arduino as a medium and not directly send it to the cloud using Raspberry pi is because the sensors in Arduino are analogue but, raspberry pi has all digital ports. Arduino has both digital and analogue pins.
To develop a device that detect rash driving on highways and to alert the traffic authorities wirelessly the speed details and any speed violation and avoid accidents due to rash driving on highways. With the help of this system the speed will be calculated by a Microcontroller program and if the vehicle crosses the speed limit a buzzer sounds alerting the police both at the location and wirelessly at the control room.
RFID based contactless body temperature screening during COVID-19 DEEPAK LODHA
So in this Project, we are going to build an RFID based Contactless Temperature Monitoring System using a contactless temperature sensor with Arduino.
When employees scan the RFID card, it will measure the body temperature of employees with a non-contact Infrared Thermometer and log the Name and Temperature of that employee directly to the excel sheet. We will be using Arduino Nano, MLX90614, EM18 RFID Reader, and Ultrasonic Sensor to build this project. The Ultrasonic sensor is used to calculate the distance between the thermometer and the person. The thermometer will only measure the temperature when the distance is less than 25 CM.
The Automatic railway gate control system by android remote control is used to operate and control unmanned railway gate in order to avoid train accidents.
Telecommunication line training report Indian RailwaysSURAJKMAURYA
Industrial training report On telecommunication line Indian railways
for the partial fulfillment of B.tech Degree in Electronics and communication Engineering
Automatic Number Plate Recognition System in Bangla using Deep Learning model...076TalathUnNabiAnik
Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems have become an increasingly crucial technology for law enforcement, traffic management, and security purposes. These systems, based on computer vision and machine learning techniques, are capable of automatically extracting and recognizing license plate information from images or video footage.
Etude et conception d'antenne reconfigurable pour radiocommunicationsouissam cherier
The future multiplication of wireless systems will require antennas more functionality than conventional designs allow.The reconfigurable antennas represent important research and development axes for introducing flexibility on antenna characteristics
Reconfigurable antennas offer multiple functions by changing dynamically their proper-ties such as operating frequency, polarization, radiation pattern, or any combination of these three parameters. In this project, we propose two antennas reconfigurable in simulated fre-quency using software CST MWS.
The results obtained show the interest of reconfigurable antennas with respect to the conventional antennas in the field of radiocommunications.
Speed checker on highway using 8051 micro controller and IR sensors. Here IR sensor sense the speed of the vehicle and and controller display the speed on Liquid Crystal Display,
In this project we will be controlling the speed of Dc motor using Arduino controller. Dc motor is drive by using PWM technique and then using encoder to sense the rpm of DC motor. Encoder produces pulses in the output, which is feed into Arduino and Arduino controls the speed of DC motor. So we have implemented the feedback system which controls the speed of DC motor.
To develop a device that detect rash driving on highways and to alert the traffic authorities wirelessly the speed details and any speed violation and avoid accidents due to rash driving on highways. With the help of this system the speed will be calculated by a Microcontroller program and if the vehicle crosses the speed limit a buzzer sounds alerting the police both at the location and wirelessly at the control room.
RFID based contactless body temperature screening during COVID-19 DEEPAK LODHA
So in this Project, we are going to build an RFID based Contactless Temperature Monitoring System using a contactless temperature sensor with Arduino.
When employees scan the RFID card, it will measure the body temperature of employees with a non-contact Infrared Thermometer and log the Name and Temperature of that employee directly to the excel sheet. We will be using Arduino Nano, MLX90614, EM18 RFID Reader, and Ultrasonic Sensor to build this project. The Ultrasonic sensor is used to calculate the distance between the thermometer and the person. The thermometer will only measure the temperature when the distance is less than 25 CM.
The Automatic railway gate control system by android remote control is used to operate and control unmanned railway gate in order to avoid train accidents.
Telecommunication line training report Indian RailwaysSURAJKMAURYA
Industrial training report On telecommunication line Indian railways
for the partial fulfillment of B.tech Degree in Electronics and communication Engineering
Automatic Number Plate Recognition System in Bangla using Deep Learning model...076TalathUnNabiAnik
Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) systems have become an increasingly crucial technology for law enforcement, traffic management, and security purposes. These systems, based on computer vision and machine learning techniques, are capable of automatically extracting and recognizing license plate information from images or video footage.
Etude et conception d'antenne reconfigurable pour radiocommunicationsouissam cherier
The future multiplication of wireless systems will require antennas more functionality than conventional designs allow.The reconfigurable antennas represent important research and development axes for introducing flexibility on antenna characteristics
Reconfigurable antennas offer multiple functions by changing dynamically their proper-ties such as operating frequency, polarization, radiation pattern, or any combination of these three parameters. In this project, we propose two antennas reconfigurable in simulated fre-quency using software CST MWS.
The results obtained show the interest of reconfigurable antennas with respect to the conventional antennas in the field of radiocommunications.
Speed checker on highway using 8051 micro controller and IR sensors. Here IR sensor sense the speed of the vehicle and and controller display the speed on Liquid Crystal Display,
In this project we will be controlling the speed of Dc motor using Arduino controller. Dc motor is drive by using PWM technique and then using encoder to sense the rpm of DC motor. Encoder produces pulses in the output, which is feed into Arduino and Arduino controls the speed of DC motor. So we have implemented the feedback system which controls the speed of DC motor.
Anti-Smog Radar Application for VehiclesIJMREMJournal
Smog is regarded as a dangerous situation for vehicles as the visibility of human fails and a person cannot
drive smoothly and safely which can lead to severe accidents and routine disturbances. Hence, “Anti-Smog
Radar Application for Vehicles” is proposed using Internet of Things technology which ensures the smooth flow
of vehicles in smog and prevents accidents in time and cost-efficient manner by detecting and displaying the
front objects with their important information (distance, position, velocity and size) on smart phone used by
authenticated drivers. The radar application controls the hardware system to be deployed on vehicles through
which the user can start, stop and set the hardware in particular direction. The hardware contains NodeMcu
(Microcontroller with built-in Wi-Fi), Ultrasonic sensor and servo motor. The servo is used to detect the
position of front objects and ultrasonic sensor is clipped on servo to detect the objects. For alerts, the objects
are drawn with different colors on application i.e. the red colored objects will be near to the vehicle, the yellow
colored objects will be at some distance from the vehicle and the green colored objects will be far from the
vehicle. Kalman algorithm is used to filter the ultrasonic readings to eliminate the noise. The proposed system
can work in every condition i.e. in day and night.
ENERGY GENERATION FROM PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIAL FOR AN OPEN TRAFFIC CONTROL MO...ijiert bestjournal
In this paper,the embedded board with interface mo dule to implement a traffic control system. The proposed model uses an embedded board to replace a manual operation,since the embedded board has the advantage of being easily carried,a real-time operation,a low cost,and programmable. In additio n users can operate this measurement system with the help of the operating system andthe GPS modules to connect to the Internet. The design provides the step by step function to he lp user operate,such as traffic flow information b y using embedded measurement system. This design can also show the traffic flow detailsin LCM (Liquid Crystal Monitor). GPS is mainly used to identify th e vehicle state information. Vehicle state informat ion will be send to control section and based on the in formation traffic light phase is changed according to the traffic by LABVIEW.Piezoelectric crystals are u sed to generate electrical energy for traffic light signals by applying mechanical vibration. Piezoelec tric effect is used to generate the electrical ener gy. This system can be mainly used for real time applic ations.
In this pape r the system used which consist of different types of sensors such as alcohol sensor,eye blink sensor,tilt sensor and also mainly used GSM modem,GPS receiver. T he eye blink sensor is used to sense the person driving the vehicle is sleeping or not. T ilt sensor is used to identify weather the vehicle is running in normal condition or not when the accident occurs . it send the information to the controller system. The Alcohol Sensor is used to sense weather the person driving the car taken Alcohol or not and this data is also given to ADC. The ADC is used i n this system because the signal comes from the Sensor are analog in nature,so we want to convert the analog signals into digital signal for this purpose ADC is used. GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective,real time vehicle location,mapping and reporting this information value.
Design and Construction of Speed Detection System for Vehiclesijtsrd
The objective of this paper is to detect the over speed for vehicles on the highway road. Although the maximum speed limit on the highway, many accidents keep on because of over speed driving. It is necessary to solve these problems through electronics circuit. This paper describes speed detection system for vehicles. The highway traffic police are easy to check over speed by using this system. This system mainly consists of Arduino UNO, two IR sensors MD 0138 Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor , 1602A LCD display and buzzer. The detected speed is displayed on LCD. Moreover, if the vehicle crosses the limited speed, this system displays the condition of over speed on LCD and the buzzer is alarmed. Lae Yin Mon | Khin Khin Saw ""Design and Construction of Speed Detection System for Vehicles"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23173.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23173/design-and-construction-of-speed-detection-system-for-vehicles/lae-yin-mon
Controlling and Reducing of Speed for Vehicles Automatically By Using Rf Tech...IJERA Editor
For vehicle safety and safety for passengers in vehicle is an important parameter. Most of the vehicles get
accident because no proper safety measures are taken especially at curves and hair pin bends humps and any
obstacles in front of the vehicle. This system can be used for the prevention of such a problem by indicating a
pre indication and also reducing the speed of vehicles by reducing the fuel rate of vehicle. As the action is in
terms of fuel rate so the vehicle automatically goes to control and avoids the accidents. At curves and hair pin
bends the line of sight is not possible for the drivers so the special kind of transmitter which is tuned at a
frequency of 433MHZ are mounted as these transmitters continuously radiate a RF signal for some particular
area. As the vehicle come within this radiation the receiver in the vehicle gets activate. The transmitter used here
is a coded transmitter which is encoded with encoder. The encoder provides a 4 bit binary data which is serially
transmitted to transmitter. The transmitter used here is ASK type (amplitude shift keying) which emits the RF
radiation.
Arduino Based Vehicle Abnormal Behavior Detection System using Camera with SD...ijtsrd
This paper presents a device to detect the vehicle's speed and recording the image. The major cause of road accident is mostly caused by human speed. The speed of a moving vehicle is determined by using calculation from a particular distance and time as an approach to estimate the vehicle speed. This system is designed to reduce the road accidents in the development of the vehicle speed detector system by using an IR sensor, Camera, 16x2 LCD, buzzer, LED and Arduino UNO. Police stations handle this system for reducing the vehicle's accidents conditions. In this system, two IR LED's transmitter and receiver sensor pairs, which are installed on the highway 27 cm apart, with the transmitter and the receiver of each pair on the same side of the road. The system displays the time taken by the vehicle in crossing the distance from one pair to the other from which the speed of the vehicle is calculated. If a vehicle exceeds the speed limit then LED is ON while the buzzing sound gives an indication to the police stations. The camera is used for recording the vehicle's images and LCD is used to display the vehicle's speed. Arduino UNO is the heart of the system, which controls all the function of the circuit. Ni Ni San Hlaing | Lae Yin Mon "Arduino Based Vehicle Abnormal Behavior Detection System using Camera with SD Card" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26519.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26519/arduino-based-vehicle-abnormal-behavior-detection-system-using-camera-with-sd-card/ni-ni-san-hlaing
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26653 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1709
Figure1.Overall Block Diagram of Doppler Radar-based Vehicle Speed Detection System
The vehicle speed is acquired from a continuous wave Doppler radar. It can detect motion or speed or speedofmovingobjects
through Doppler Effect. The chosen radar for this system is HB100 whose transmitted frequency is 10.525GHz.The radar
module operates at a+5Vdc for continuous wave(CW) operation.Consequently,+12V battery is used as the power supply by
converting it to +5V via the voltage regulator using LM7805.The output of the 12V to 5V voltage regulator circuit is connected
to +5V pin of the module. There are three main terminal in this module, +5V pinged (ground) pin and IF (intermediate
frequency) pin. After applying the power supply to the radar module, the system starts working.
The module sends its transmitted signal from the transmitting antenna to the vehicle. Then, the reflected signal is back to the
receiving antenna with a shift in the frequency. The difference between the transmitted and received signal is known as the
Doppler shift. The microcontroller operates only if its supply voltage is 3.5V at least. Therefore, a high gain low frequency
amplifier is usually connected to the IF terminal in order to amplify the Doppler shift. The output of the amplifier is fed to the
microcontroller. The purpose of the microcontroller is to calculate the speed of the vehicle via its frequency whichisthemajor
factor representing the speed of the vehicle. After performing the task of the calculating the speed of the vehicle, the LCD
display is used to indicate the vehicle speed to the driver to know his speed is in over speed or not.
Circuit Diagram of Doppler Radar-based Vehicle Speed Detection System
The Doppler Radar-based Vehicle Speed Detection System uses Doppler Radar (HB100) to transmit to the motion andreceive
pulse to amplify output. The two LM324 amplifiers are connected to use for amplify and avoid the noises.Theamplifieroutput
is fed to the microcontroller. A microcontroller of Arduino Uno family is used to achieve the desired operation.
Figure2. Circuit Diagram of Doppler Radar-based Vehicle Speed Detection System
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26653 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1710
And then, the LCD and buzzer are connected to the
microcontroller. When the system is going on, the Doppler
Radar (HB100) send pulse to the target and the pulse is hit
the target and returned to the radar. The radar receives the
pulse and converts to the frequency wave. But, the output of
the frequency very low. So, we have to use the amplifier to
amplify the frequency and avoid the noises. And then, the
output is fed to the microcontroller. The microcontroller
calculated the speed and display on the LCD. The circuit
diagram of Doppler radar-based vehicle speed detection
system is shown in figure 2.
Flow Chart of the Doppler Radar-based Vehicle Speed
Detection System
Figure3. Flow Chart of the Doppler Radar-based Vehicle
Speed Detection System
This flow chat is used from start. Initializing the input port
and output port, the system is activated. In the first step, the
Doppler radar is sensed the motion and transmit the pulse
and reflect back from the target. In the second step,the pulse
is converted pulse from frequency counter to as a speed. If
the speed is detected, the microcontroller IC calculated and
the speed is display on the LCD. And the next step, the
calculated speed is over the assigned limit, the buzzer will
make the noise. The flow chart of the Doppler radar-based
vehicle speed detection system is shown in figure 3.
Test and Results
This paper describes the test and results of the proposed
system. The test can be divided in three sections: simulation
test, experimental test and surveying test. Simulation test
can be done by Proteus 8 Professional software.
Experimental test and surveying test are done by the
hardware construction. In this chapter, the Doppler radar
cannot test by simulation as it is not contained in the device
selection. It can only test by hardware device.
Therefore, simulation test for amplifiercircuit, experimental
test for Doppler radar, amplifier circuit,and surveyingresult
for the whole system are presented in this paper. The
simulation testing for the amplifier circuit can be done by
using Proteus 8 Professional Software before constructing
the hardware whether the result is good or not.
A. Simulation Results for Amplifier Circuit
While choosing the IC for amplifier circuit, the system first
selects two types of IC which areLM358N andLM324N.Both
types are tested in Proteus software to know which result is
better to use. The microcontroller needs to give the power
supply of 3.5V at least. According to the simulation result
shown in Figure 5 LM358N cannot amplify the voltage up to
3.5V. It can only amplify 3V and the output voltage is not the
pure DC voltage. Using LM324, the amplifier circuit can
amplify the voltage to 4Vdc as shown in Figure 7. Therefore,
the system chooses to use LM324 for the purpose of
amplifying the Doppler shift.Theoutputof theDopplerradar
is Doppler shift which is in micro volts. Therefore, the
amplifier circuit using LM324N is used in the vehicle speed
detection system based on Doppler radar. Testingand result
the simulation of amplifier circuit using LM358Nisshownin
figure 4 and figure 5.
Figure4. Testing the Simulation of Amplifier Circuit Using
LM358N
Figure5. Simulation Result of Amplifier Circuit Using
LM358N
Testing and result the simulation of amplifier circuit using
LM324N is shown in figure 6 and figure 7.
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Figure6. Testing the Simulation of Amplifier Circuit Using
LM324N
Figure7. Simulation Result of Amplifier Circuit Using
LM324N
B. Testing the Output of the Doppler radar with
Oscillator
The Doppler radar cannot be tested in Proteus software. So,
the output of the Doppler radar module is tested by
hardware component and oscilloscope. By testing with
oscilloscope, it can be known that the output waveforms are
changed according to the rate of motion of the target. The
amplitude of the output waveform in fast motion occurs
more oscillation than that of the output waveform in slow
motion. The experimental results of the Doppler radar are
shown below.
Figure8. Testing the Output Waveform of the Doppler
radar
Figure9. Result Output Waveform of the Doppler radar
Likewise, the output of the amplifier circuit occurs more
oscillation in fast motion than in slow motion.
C. Experimental Testing for Doppler Radar (HB100)
and Arduino Uno
Figure 10 and Figure 11 show the constructed hardware
circuit from top view and front view. When the system is
turned on, the power on Arduino board system is turn on.
The Doppler radar detect the motion to transmit the pulse
and receive the pulse. And then convert the pulse to
frequency and form as a speed. Finally, display the speed
results on the LCD.
Figure 10 Construct Hardware Circuit (Top View)
Figure 11 Overall Hardware Circuit (Front View)
D. Surveying, Experimental Test and Results for
Complete Constructed Circuit
After constructing the whole circuit, the system needs to
survey on the road shown in Figure 12. The results are
changed according to the height of the polethatradarplaced
(h), the distance to the oncoming lane (d), and the angle that
the radar must be titled (0). The cosine of the angle between
the radar device and its target determines the magnitude of
the error which is known as the cosine error and it becomes
significant when the angle to the roadway is large. The
greater the angle between the radar and the roadway, the
lower is the indicated velocity.
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To get the better result, the surveying on the road was done
again and again with different parameters. At first, the
target’s velocity was measured by placing the radar device
on the ground beside the road. At the time, the error
percentage for both car and cycle are very large. Therefore,
the radar was placed at differentheights and differentangles
to get the result which is nearly equal to the actual velocity.
Figure 12 Surveying the Constructed Complete Circuit on
the Road
E. Test and Results of the Vehicle’ Speed
Figure 13 to Figure 4.16 shows the tests and results of the
vehicle’s speed. If the vehicle’s speed is over the assigned
limit, its speed will show on the LCD and display the result
over. If the speed is low the assigned limit, its speed will
show on the LCD and display the result pass.
Figure 13 Testing the Speed of the Vehicle (Pass)
Figure 14 Results of the Speed of the Vehicle
Figure 15 Testing the Speed of the Vehicle (Over)
Figure 16 Results of the Speed of the Vehicle
Discussions
In this system, a low cost and efficient embedded vehicular
speed detecting system is presented. The work aimed at
implementing the better results by comparing the existing
methods such as FFT, DSP and LASAR based techniques.The
output was more accurate with no other moving objects in
the surrounding. In reality, the radar will not measure the
actual velocity when the vehicle is not travelling directly
towards the radar and slightly inclined at an angle. The
measured velocity calculated from the frequency counter is
different from the actual velocity displayed on the
speedometer according to the cosine error. Although it is
said that the sensor can detect in 20m range in the data
sheet, it works well for the vehicle at a close range of about
7m. When the radar is placed at the height of about 2.25m,
the result is more accurate for car. Otherwise, the result is
more accurate for cycle when the radar is placed at the
height of about 1.5m. The output was more accurate with no
other moving objects in the surrounding. Sometimes, the
sensor does not work well and cannot display the speed on
LCD.
Conclusion
This system mainly composes of the amplifier circuit,
Doppler radar (HB100), Arduino Uno, microcontroller
ATmega328 and LCD display. The amplifier circuit isused to
amplify the output of the Doppler radar as itissmalldcvalue
which cannot be fed directly to a microcontroller. The
information about the target range, direction and velocity
are provided by the nature of the returned signal of the
Doppler radar. By keeping track of the time it takestheradio
waves to leave the antenna, hit the target, and return to the
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26653 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 1713
antenna, the radar can calculate thedistancetothetarget. By
measuring the shift in phase between a transmitted pulse
and a received echo, the target’s radial velocity can be
calculated. If the radar was placed directly in frontof thecar,
the car speed would be very close to the actual speed. If the
reflecting object is located from the centerline of the radar
beam, the lower the estimate of car speed. The
microcontroller performs thetask of calculationof frequency
and speed. After calculating the frequency and speed, the
information is indicated on the LCD display
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