This document reviews bacteria-based self-healing concrete. It discusses how certain bacteria like Bacillus pasteurii can seal microcracks in concrete through calcium carbonate precipitation. The document summarizes different studies that found bacteria can increase concrete's compressive strength and reduce permeability. Specifically, it was found that bacterial concrete demonstrated improved strength and durability compared to conventional concrete. The conclusion is that bacterial self-healing provides environmental and economic benefits but also has limitations and health risks if certain pathogenic bacteria are used.
Concrete being the foremost building material broadly used in the construction sector is subjected to crack formation due to low tensile strength, durability, and ductility. So this issue is of great curiosity to the researchers in pursuit for the concrete production with better properties. Micro-cracks are the main reason for structural failure occurs, when the load applied exceeds its limits. This causes the seepage of water and other salts. In order to overcome this, the carbonate precipitating, non-pathogenic, spore-forming, alkaline resistant strain of Bacillus subtilis has been explored as a bio-cementing material. Cracks in M20 grade concrete blocks are injected by direct means with screened bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis (BH3) at the cell concentration of 104, 105, 106 CFU/ml with silica gel as an immobilizing agent and calcium lactate as a food source. The cracks were allowed to heal for appropriate time duration at specific pH, temperature, and urea concentration. These findings suggest the potential of Bacillus subtilis in an autogenously healing process.
Key-words: Bacillus subtilis, BH3, Carbonate precipitation, Calcite, Self healing and Bio-cementation
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The main objective of this review is to describe some of the important topics related to the use of marine and protective coatings for anti-corrosive purposes. In this context, "protective" refers to coatings for containers, off shore construction, pipe lines, pumps, steel structures, chemical equipment, bridged, storage tanks and petrochemical plants. The review aims at providing a thorough picture of state-of-the-art in anti-corrosive coatings systems. International and national legislation aiming at reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have caused significant changes in the anti-corrosive coating industries. An important aspect in the development of new VOC -compliant, high performance anti-corrosive coating system is a thorough knowledge of the components in anti-corrosive coatings, their interaction, their advantages and limitations as well as detailed knowledge on the failure modes of anticorrosive coatings. The different types of anticorrosive coatings are presented, and the most widely applied generic types of binders and pigments in anticorrosive coatings.
Concrete being the foremost building material broadly used in the construction sector is subjected to crack formation due to low tensile strength, durability, and ductility. So this issue is of great curiosity to the researchers in pursuit for the concrete production with better properties. Micro-cracks are the main reason for structural failure occurs, when the load applied exceeds its limits. This causes the seepage of water and other salts. In order to overcome this, the carbonate precipitating, non-pathogenic, spore-forming, alkaline resistant strain of Bacillus subtilis has been explored as a bio-cementing material. Cracks in M20 grade concrete blocks are injected by direct means with screened bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis (BH3) at the cell concentration of 104, 105, 106 CFU/ml with silica gel as an immobilizing agent and calcium lactate as a food source. The cracks were allowed to heal for appropriate time duration at specific pH, temperature, and urea concentration. These findings suggest the potential of Bacillus subtilis in an autogenously healing process.
Key-words: Bacillus subtilis, BH3, Carbonate precipitation, Calcite, Self healing and Bio-cementation
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The main objective of this review is to describe some of the important topics related to the use of marine and protective coatings for anti-corrosive purposes. In this context, "protective" refers to coatings for containers, off shore construction, pipe lines, pumps, steel structures, chemical equipment, bridged, storage tanks and petrochemical plants. The review aims at providing a thorough picture of state-of-the-art in anti-corrosive coatings systems. International and national legislation aiming at reducing the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have caused significant changes in the anti-corrosive coating industries. An important aspect in the development of new VOC -compliant, high performance anti-corrosive coating system is a thorough knowledge of the components in anti-corrosive coatings, their interaction, their advantages and limitations as well as detailed knowledge on the failure modes of anticorrosive coatings. The different types of anticorrosive coatings are presented, and the most widely applied generic types of binders and pigments in anticorrosive coatings.
BACTERIAL CONCRETE - A SOLUTION TO CRACK FORMATIONAM Publications
Concrete is a homogenous mixture and cracks in concrete are inevitable so there is a need for repair which affects the economic life of any structure. To overcome this problem an inherent biomaterial is developed, a self-repairing material which can remediate the cracks in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a technique which is highly desirable because the calcium precipitation is induced as a result of microbial activities. This helps in increasing the strength and durability of concrete. As per the results, it is clearly observed that there is increase in compressive strength, tensile strength and durability in bacterial concrete as compared with normal concrete. This is the main objective of the bacterial concrete for which it was introduced. Various tests which are carried out to study these properties of concrete are compressive strength test, Split tensile test. Scanning Electron Microscope (S.E.M) is used to study the growth of bacteria in the concrete. It is observed that for bacterial proportion 105 cells (24 ml of bacteria in 1000ml), there is significant increase in compressive strength of the bacterial concrete i.e. around 25% increase in strength as compared with normal concrete. For this purpose bacteria used is Bacillus Subtilis.
The usage of cement has been increased
throughout the world which has severe effect on the
environment. replacement of cement in concrete is in very
much need, for which several materials came into existence
like flyash, silicafume GGBS and geopolymers etc.one such
material which will act as cementinious materials is used in
the study which will reduce cracks and fissures in concrete
by utilizing microbiologically induced calcite (CaCo3
)
precipitation called Bio Mineralization produced by Bacillus
subtilis in the presence of chemicals. In this project,
bacterial concrete is prepared under grade of concrete M25
and Natural fiber is added in total volume of concrete in
desired level which will cure the cracks automatically by
forming calcium carbonate precipitate as well as to achieve
more Compressive strength and Flexural strength. To avoid
corrosion, the bacterial concrete along with natural fibers is
used which results in self healing process.
In this study, the behavior of bacterial fibre
concrete was investigated experimentally. Various
parameters like compressive strength, flexural strength and
splitting tensile strength of specimens for bacterial fibres
concrete have been studied. Then these values for bacterial
and bacterial fibre concrete are compared with the
conventional concrete.
Cracks in concrete are inevitable and are one of the inherent weaknesses of concrete. Water and other salts seep through these cracks, corrosion initiates, and thus reduces the life of concrete. So there was a need to develop an inherent biomaterial, a self - repairing material which can remediate the cracks and fissures in concrete. Bacterial concrete is a material, which can successfully remediate cracks in concrete. This technique is highly desirable because the mineral precipitation induced as a result of microbial activities is pollution free and natural. As the cell wall of bacteria is anionic, metal accumulation (calcite) on the surface of the wall is substantial, thus the entire cell becomes crystalline and they eventually plug the pores and cracks in concrete. This paper discusses the plugging of artificially cracked cement mortar using Bacillus Pasteurii bacteria combined with sand as a filling material in artificially made cuts in cement mortar which was cured in urea and Calcium chloride medium. The effect on the compressive strength and stiffness of the cement mortar cubes due to the mixing of bacteria is also discussed in this paper. It was found that use of bacteria improves the stiffness and compressive strength of concrete. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to document the role of bacteria in microbiologically induced mineral precipitation. Rod like impressions were found on the face of calcite crystals indicating the presence of bacteria in those places.
In this study, bacterial concrete is to be prepared under grade of concrete OPC 43.The design mix proportioning also carried under IS code provision. Testing of specimens are carried at 7 days ,14 days and 28 days of curing by Compression Testing Machine and Universal Testing Machine for corresponding specimens. The Compressive Strength and Flexural Strength of Bacterial Concrete are found.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.