This document summarizes a research study that investigated using waste plastic bottle caps as a partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete. The study found that: 1) Replacing up to 7.5% of coarse aggregate with crushed waste plastic bottle caps increased the compressive strength of concrete compared to normal concrete at both 7 and 28 days. Strength started decreasing at higher replacement levels. 2) Flexural strength also increased when 5% of coarse aggregate was replaced, but started decreasing at higher replacement levels. 3) Workability of the concrete decreased as the percentage of bottle caps increased. The study concluded that waste plastic bottle caps can effectively replace up to 7.5% of coarse aggregate in concrete, improving

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Increase in Strength of Concrete by using Waste Plastic Bottle Caps as
Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate
Akash S. Awale1, Prof. A. A. Hamane2
1M.TECH Student, Civil Engineering Department, M.S. Bidve Engineering College, Latur, Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, Maharashtra, India.
2Assistant Prof., Civil Engineering Department, M.S. Bidve Engineering College, Latur, Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, Maharashtra, India.
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Abstract - This Study serves as performance indicators
concrete workability and strength be mixed using a waste
plastic bottle caps as partialreplacementofCoarseAggregate,
Sand, Cement, Coarse Aggregate and Water. The importance
of this alternatively stone replacement to reduceplasticwaste
that is hard to lapse and to avoid waste of waste that can be
adapted to something that can be used in the development of
technology in the future. In additionthereducingthepollution
of nature, it also saves cost and apply the concept of Reduce,
Reuse and Recycle. Concrete is most widely used construction
material in the world. To solve environmental issue like
deposition of waste product, recycling or reuse of waste
product, I am using waste product bottle caps to make eco-
friendly concrete. A standard proportionate mixing of bottle
caps in concrete in replacement of aggregate gives bestresult.
Due to growing environmental awareness, the world is
increasingly turning to researching properties of waste and
finding solution on using its valuablecomponentspartssothat
those might be used as secondary raw material in other
branches. Green building is an increasingly important global
concern and a critical way to conserve natural resources and
reduce the amount of materials going to our landfills. Large
quantities of waste are generated from empty cans and bottle
caps of juices and soft drinks. This is an environmentalissue as
plastic waste is difficult to biodegrade and involves processes
either to recycle or reuse. Today the constructionindustry isin
need of finding effective materials for increasing the strength
of concrete structures with low cost, and with less
environmental damage. This research is aimed at addressing
such issues by investigating the possibility of using waste
bottle caps to partially substitute for coarse aggregate in
concrete production. The compressive strength and flexural
strength properties at different percentages replacement of
coarse aggregate with waste bottle caps were investigated in
laboratory. By replacing coarse aggregate with0%, 5%, 7.5%,
10%, 12.5%, and 15% of the waste plastic bottle caps in
concrete is studied. To ensure the success of this study, the
materials to be used are as coarse aggregate, cement, sand,
water and waste plastic bottle caps diameter not more than
31mm. Where will the new waste plastic bottle caps Crush
form. In addition there are two trial mixes to be made i.e. 1)
Ordinary Concrete, 2) Concrete with addition of crushed form
plastic bottle caps for M-30 grade of concrete. These samples
are compared with Ordinary Concrete with VSI Sand.
Key Words: Waste Plastic Bottle Caps, Compressive
Strength, Flexural Strength, Workability, Green Building.
1. INTRODUCTION
Due to rapid industrialization & urbanization in the
Country, lots of infrastructure developments are taking
place. This process has in turn led questions to mankind to
solve the problems generated by this growth. The
problems de-coarse are acute shortage of constructional
materials increased dumping of waste products. Hence in
order to overcometheabove saidproblemswaste products
should be employed as construction material.Thethreat of
disposal of plastic will not solve until thepractical stepsare
not initiated at the ground level. It is possible to improve
the performance of bituminous mixedusedinthesurfacing
course of roads. Studies reported in the used of re-cycled
plastic, mainly polyethylene, inthemanufactureofblended
indicated reduced permanent deformation in the form of
rutting and reduced low temperature cracking of
pavement surfacing. The field tests withstood the stress
and proved that plastic wastes used after proper
processing as an additive would enhance the life of the
roads and also solve environment problems.
Plastic is a very versatile material. Due to the industrial
revolution, and its large scale production plastic seems to
be a cheaper and effective raw material. Today, every vital
sector of the economy starting from agriculture to
packaging, automobile, electronics, electrical, building
construction, communication sectors has been virtually
revolutionized by the applications of plastics. Plastic is a
non-biodegradable material and researchers found that
material can remain on earth for 4500 years without
degradation. Several studies haveproventhehealthhazard
caused by improper disposal of plastic waste. The health
hazard includes reproductive problems in human and
animal, genital abnormalities etc., Looking forward the
scenario of present style a complete ban on the use of
plastic cannot be put, although the waste plastic taking the
face devil for the present and future generation. Wecannot
ban use of but we can reuse the plastic waste. Quantities of
plastic waste have increased rapidly throughout this
decade due to its beneficial properties of low density, light
weight and strength. Other important factors such as low
cost and friendly design were the reason polymer product
becomes an inseparable part of our lives.

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1.1 Objectives of the Project
 Determine the suitability of polypropylene (Plastic)
bottle cap as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in
concrete.
 Find the alternative of basic materials which are usedin
construction from past many years.
 Manage industrial waste.
 Compare the mechanical properties of polypropylene
(Plastic) bottle cap in concrete with control concrete.
 Study the properties of fresh and hardened concrete
when coarse aggregate are partially replaced with
Waste Plastic Bottle Caps.
 Producelightweightpolymerconcreteformulti-purpose
use.
 Develop suitable mix design.
1.2 Significant of the Study:
 To reduce the space required for the landfill of
polypropylene cap.
 To diminish the pressure on exploiting the natural
resources.
 To introduce the potential of polypropylene cap as
coarse aggregate
2. METHODOLOGY
2.1 MATERIAL USED
a) Cement:
Cement isa well-known building material and has occupied
an indispensable place in construction work. There is a
variety of cement available in market and each type is used
under certain condition due to its special properties such as
color and composition of cement. The function of cement is,
first to bind the sand and coarse aggregates together, and
second to fill the voids. Although cement constitutes only
about 10 percentage of the volume of the concrete mix, it is
the active portion of the binding medium and the only
scientifically controlled ingredient of concrete. Locally
available cement isused. Like PPC (Ultra Tech- Cement).
b) Fine Aggregate (V.S.I Sand):
Vertical Shaft Impactor (V.S.I.) Sand is also known as
Artificial Sand or Crushed Sand. Only sand manufactured by
V.S.I. Crusher is cubical and angular in shape. There is
standard specification for Fine Aggregates (Sand). It is
divided in four gradations Zone-I, Zone-II, Zone-III & Zone-
IV. Generally the size of the aggregate lesser than 4.75 mmis
considered as Fine Aggregate.
c) Coarse Aggregate:
The broken stone is generally used as a coarse aggregate.
Aggregate occupies most of the volume of the concrete.
Locally available coarse aggregate having size of more than
12 mm was used. The aggregates were washed to remove
dust and dirt and were dried to surface drycondition.Coarse
Aggregate used of 20 mm and down size. Testing is done as
per Indian Standard Specification IS: 383-1970. The size of
the aggregate bigger than 4.75 mm is considered as Coarse
Aggregate.
d) Water:
Water is used for mixing, curing purpose should be clan and
portable, fresh and free from any bacteria and desire matter
confirming to IS 3025-1964 is usedformixing. Waterisa key
ingredient in the manufacturer of concrete.
e) Waste Plastic Bottle Caps:
Waste Plastic BottleCapsobtainedfromScrapMarket. Waste
Plastic Bottle Caps is an ideal material for recycling. The use
of Waste Plastic Bottle Caps saves lot of energy and the
increasing awareness of Waste Plastic Bottle Caps, recycling
speeds up focus on the use of Waste Plastic Bottle Caps with
different forms in various fields.
2.2 Casting of Specimen
Test specimens of Cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm,
beam with 700mm x 150mm x 150mm will prepared using
the standard moulds. The samples are cast. The samples are
remoulded after 24hrs of casting and keptina watertank for
7 and 28 days curing. A total of 54 specimens cast for testing
the properties such as compressive strength, and flexural
strength.
36 cube samples of size 150mmx150mmx150mm for
different percentages of waste plastic bottle caps in partial
replacement of coarse aggregate will casted. The concrete
mixes are 0%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15% crushed waste
plastic bottle caps with partial replacement of coarse
aggregate. All cubes will casted in one lift and consolidated
using machine vibrator. After final setting of cubes, the cube
moulds will beremoved and cubes will kept inwatertank for
curing up to 7 and 28 days.
All specimen beams size 700mm × 150mm × 150mm will
casted with optimum compressive strength for the specific
mix in single lift and consolidated using tamping rods. After
setting, the beams will covered with wet gunny bags. The
burlap will be kept for 3days. At the end of the third day, the
forms will stripped and beams will kept for curing up to 28
days.
Fig-1 Crushed Bottle Caps added to Concrete
Specimens casted for investigation purpose are listed in
Table-1.

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Table -1: Number of Cubes and Beam casted for 7 days
and 28 days
% of Crushed
Plastic Bottle
Caps
No. of Cube Cast No. of Beam Cast
for 28 days
7-Days 28-Days
0 3 3 3
5 3 3 3
7.5 3 3 3
10 3 3 3
12.5 3 3 3
15 3 3 3
2.3 Testing of Specimen
After 24 hours, the specimenswereremovedfromthemould
and subjected to water curing for 7 days and 28 days. After
curing, the specimens were tested for compressive strength
and flexural strength. Using a Compression Testing Machine
of capacity 2000 KN in accordance with the provision of the
Indian Standard specification IS:516-1959, strength of
specimens were tested at 7 days and 28 days.
2. WORKABILITY
The workability of M30 grade of concrete is measured by
widely used empirical test i.e. slump test with w/c ratio0.40
for addition of different percentage wasteplastic bottle caps.
Values obtain for different percentage mix is as show in
following
Table -2: Slump values for different percentage of mix
% of coarse replaced by
crushed waste plastic bottle
caps
Slump value
(mm)
0 80
5 77
7.5 72
10 68
12.5 55
15 45
Graph 1: Slump Value
80 77
72 68
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0% 5% 7.50% 10% 12.50%
Slump
Value
(mm)
Percentage of crushed plastic bottle
Slump
value
4. EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY
4.1 Compressive Strength Test
The result of compressive strength After 7 days and 28 days
are recorded. Result indicate that as we increase percentage
of waste plastic bottle caps from 0% to 15% it’scompressive
strength increases after further increment in percentage of
waste plastic bottle caps there is loss in compressive
strength. That means we can replace up to 15% natural
coarse aggregate by waste plastic bottle caps.
4.2 Flexural Strength Test
Testing of all beam specimens with two points loading for
flexural strength. The results of flexural strength were
plotted in below table for 28 days. Result indicate that if we
increase percentage of waste plastic bottle caps from 0 to
15% will give us good results and help to increase flexural
strength of concrete.
5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
5.1 Compressive Strength Test
Table -3: Results of Compressive Strength
% of Crushed
Plastic Bottle Caps
Compressive Strength
(N/mm2)
7-Days 28-Days
0 24.38 39.81
5 26.13 40.09
7.5 21.61 38.37
10 17.97 20.82
12.5 10.28 13.76
15 09.36 12.49

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24.38 26.13
21.61
17.97
10.28
9.36
39.81 40.09
38.37
20.82
13.76 12.49
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0% 5% 7.50% 10% 12.50% 15%
Compressive
Strength(N/mm2)
% of Crushed Plastic Bottle Caps
28 DAYS
7 DAYS
Graph 2: Compressive Strength at 7 and 28 days
5.2 Flexural Strength Test
Table -4: Results of Flexural Strength
% of Crushed Plastic
Bottle Caps
Flexural Strength(N/mm2)
28 days
0 6.28
5 8.33
7.5 7.83
10 6.57
12.5 4.24
15 3.53
6.28
8.33
7.83
6.57
4.24
3.53
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0% 5% 7.50% 10% 12.50% 15%
Flexural
Strength(N/mm2)
% Of Crushed Plastic Bottel Caps
28 DAY
Graph 3: Flexural Strength at 28 days
5. CONCLUSIONS
Based on results and observation made in experimental
research study. The following conclusions are drawn.
1. It is observe that with increase in percentage of
waste crushed plastic bottle caps workability
decreases.
2. Crushed plastic bottle cap concrete is cheaper than
conventional concrete.
3. Current study concluded that wastecrushedplastic
bottle caps can replace coarseaggregate up to 7.5%
4. 6.7% increment in the compressive strength is
found for 5% replacement of coarse aggregate by
waste crushed plastic bottle caps and the strength
decreases by 27.6% when the 15% of coarse
aggregate is replaced by waste crushed plastic
bottle caps, by using aggregatecementratio(A/C)is
4.2 and water cement ratio (W/C) is 0.40.
5. 2.05% increment intheflexural strengthisfoundfor
5% replacement of coarse aggregate by waste
crushed plastic bottle caps and the strength
decreases by 4.8% when the 15 % of coarse
aggregate is replaced by waste crushed plastic
bottle caps, by using aggregate cement ratio (A/C)
is4.2 and water cement ratio (W/C) is 0.42
6. The use of waste crushed plastic bottle caps in
concrete is possible to improve its compressive
strength, and flexural strength.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me great pleasure in bringing out the project report
entitled “Increase in Strength of Concrete by using Waste
Crushed Plastic Bottle Caps as Partial ReplacementofCoarse
Aggregate”
Though the following dissertation is an individual work, I
could never have reached the heights or exploredthedepths
without the help, support, guidance and efforts of lots of
peoples. It gives the immense pleasure, to express my
sincere and heartfelt gratitude to everyone who has
contributed towards making my project work a memorable
experience.
I express a deep sense of gratitude and appreciation and
indebtedness to my project guide Asst. Prof. A. A. Hamane.
& Co-ordinator of M.Tech (Structure) Asst. Prof. Hamane
and Head of the Department Prof. Deshpande S.G. for their
constant support and motivation throughout the project
work. It was their interest and support which has leads me
to this stage.
It is a genuine pleasure to express my deep sense of thanks
and gratitude to my mentor, philosopherPrincipal Prof. N.B.
Khatod, fortheirencouragementandmotivationthroughout
the project work.
My sincere thanks to the Civil Engineering Staff for offering
me valuable suggestions and timetotimesupportatthetime
of need.
I am extremely thankful to my friends for providing me
necessary technical suggestions during my project report.

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BIOGRAPHIES
Awale Akash Sanjay
Student of M-TECH (M.S. Bidve
College of Engineering, Latur).
Prof. A. A Hamane, completed his
M.Tech in 2009 from VJTI, Mumbai
and working as Asst. Professor at
M.S. Bidve Engineering College,
Latur.